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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Place et rôle des technologies dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage du calcul soustractif en CE2 : proposition d'ingénierie / Place and role of technologies In the teaching and the learning of subtraction : engineering suggestion

Rinaldi, Anne-Marie 05 December 2016 (has links)
Notre recherche conduite dans le cadre de la Théorie Anthropologique du Didactique, nous a menée, suite à une étude épistémologique et didactique, à construire une organisation mathématique de référence autour du calcul soustractif. Cet outil théorique permet d’avancer, en analysant différents manuels scolaires de CE1 et de CE2, et des séances de calcul observées dans des classes de CE2, qu’un déficit en éléments technologiques, expliquerait en partie, les difficultés rencontrées par les élèves pour développer de la flexibilité et de l’adaptabilité en calcul mental et pour effectuer un calcul posé en colonne. Par ailleurs, l’évaluation de l’ingénierie que nous avons conçue, en nous appuyant sur L’organisation mathématique de référence et en restant « assez proche » des pratiques des enseignants, montre les effets positifs d’un travail régulier et progressif à partir des écritures arithmétiques sur les apprentissages des élèves. En revanche, les expérimentations permettent de pointer les limites des situations qui mettent en jeu la propriété de conservation des écarts quand celles-ci, n’engagent pas assez l’élève dans une co-construction du savoir. En ce sens, la thèse peut servir d’appui pour poursuivre la recherche engagée sur les conditions de viabilité d’une organisation didactique susceptible de fédérer le calcul mental et le calcul posé / Our research made for the sake of Didactics Anthropological Theory led us, after a didactical epistemological study, to build a mathematical organization of reference around subtractions. This theoretical tool permits us to progress, by analyzing different school books of CE1 and CE2 as well as maths sessions observed in classes of CE2, that a deficiency in technological elements , would explainin part, the difficulties faced by pupils when developing flexibility and adaptability in mental calculation as well as when performing a calculation put in a column. Furthermore, the evaluation of the engineering that we have designed basing ourselves on the reference of mathematical organization and by staying « quite close » to the teachers practices shows the positive effects of a regular and progressive work from the arithmetical writings on the pupils learning. On the other hand, the experiments allow us to point out the limits of the situations that involve the propriety of the conservation of differences when these don’t engage enough the learnerin a co-construction knowledge. In this sense, the thesis can serve as a support to continue the research engaged on the viability conditions of a mathematical organization as well as a didactical organisation susceptible of federationg mental calculation and vertical calculation.
2

Investigando saberes de professores do Ensino Fundamental com enfoque em números fracionários para a quinta série / Investigating knowledges mathematics teachers about fractional numbers for fifth grades

Silva, Maria José Ferreira da 27 October 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Maria_Jose.pdf: 2368337 bytes, checksum: f91ec31ffef2584a724f5da7c98377be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-27 / This research is about the conceptions of a group of Mathematics teachers about fractional numbers and fifth grade students, and about the autonomy and difficulties in possible changes of those conceptions in a continuous formation. The study is justified by the lack of researches on fractional numbers with teachers of the final cycles of Middle School, which allow teachers the access to the results of research. Although there are results regarding the students lack of knowledge and possible obstacles to the teaching and learning of that topic, it is necessary to observe the conditions in which formative actions make changes possible in those teachers educational practices. Thereby, this paper answers the following questions: which didactics organization do the teachers build for the teaching of fractional numbers for the fifth series of Middle School during the formation? Is it possible to lead mathematics teachers to reflections that make changes possible in the conceptions that they have about their students providing them a new place in the school institution? Is it possible, in a continuous formation, to promote actions that allow teachers any change in their practice of teaching fractional numbers to the fifth grade? The methodology adopted used the research-action in the sense of collaborative investigation, because it promotes the interaction between researcher and teachers in formation and the observation in action. As theoretical foundation, the Anthropological Theory of the Didactics of Chevallard (1999) was mainly used to model while Mathematical Organization and Organization Didactic types of tasks that associate the conceptions of fractional numbers: part-all, measurement, quotient, rate and operator, besides possible techniques for the resolution of those tasks and the technological-theoretical speech that justify them. In general, we can say that teachers build, for the fifth series, Mathematical Organizations for very rigid fractional numbers with types of tasks that associate mainly the conception part-all in contexts of surfaces, using the technique of the double counting of the parts and, with less incidence, the rate conception using the same technique. Changes are verified in the feelings and teachers emotions in relation to the fractional ones that propitiated changes in their conceptions of that content, and some signs of changes in their teaching practices. Changes in the teachers speech were also observed regarding their students learning and the way to observe them in action, unchained by the application of a Didactics Organization elaborated during the formation in fifth grade class. The formation showed the need to develop autonomy and reflection regarding the content and of their own educational practices. / Esta pesquisa trata das concepções de um grupo de professores de Matemática sobre números fracionários e aprendizagem de alunos de quinta série, da autonomia e dificuldades em possíveis mudanças dessas concepções em uma formação continuada. O estudo justifica-se pela escassez de pesquisas sobre números fracionários com professores dos ciclos finais do Ensino Fundamental que permitam o acesso de professores a resultados de pesquisa. Embora haja resultados a respeito do não-saber de alunos e de possíveis obstáculos ao ensino e aprendizagem do tema, há necessidade de se observar as condições em que as ações formativas possibilitam mudanças nas práticas docentes desses professores. Assim, este trabalho responde às seguintes questões: que Organização Didática os professores constroem para o ensino de números fracionários para a quinta série do Ensino Fundamental durante a formação? É possível encaminhar professores de matemática a reflexões que possibilitem mudanças nas concepções que têm de seus alunos, proporcionando-lhes um novo lugar na instituição escolar? É possível em uma formação continuada, promover ações que permitam aos professores alguma mudança em sua prática de ensino de números fracionários para uma quinta série? A metodologia adotada utilizou a pesquisa-ação no sentido de investigação colaborativa, visto que propicia a interação entre pesquisador e professores em formação e a observação em ação. O fundamento teórico baseou-se na Teoria Antropológica do Didático de Chevallard (1999) para modelar como Organização Matemática e Organização Didática, tipos de tarefas que associam as concepções de números fracionários: parte-todo, medida, quociente, razão e operador, além das possíveis técnicas para resolução dessas tarefas e o discurso tecnológico-teórico que as justificam. De modo geral, pode-se afirmar que os professores constroem para a quinta série Organizações Matemáticas para números fracionários, muito rígidas com tipos de tarefas que associam sobretudo a concepção parte-todo em contextos de superfícies, mobilizando a técnica da dupla contagem das partes e, com menos incidência, a concepção de razão mobilizando a mesma técnica. Foram constatadas mudanças nos sentimentos e emoções dos professores em relação aos fracionários que propiciaram modificações em suas concepções desse conteúdo, e alguns indícios de mudanças em suas práticas de ensino. Modificações no discurso dos professores foram observadas a respeito da aprendizagem de seus alunos e da maneira de observá-los em ação, desencadeadas pela aplicação de uma Organização Didática elaborada na formação em uma sala de quinta série. A formação explicitou a necessidade dos professores desenvolverem autonomia e reflexão a respeito do conteúdo e de suas práticas docentes.

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