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The aim of these experiments was to investigate the influence that dietary manipulation has upon acid-base balance and substrate availability at rest and during high intensity exercise. It was hoped to identify some of the mechanisms that may control the utilisation of energy substrate and influence the onset of fatigue during high intensity exercise. A pattern of dietary and exercise manipulation intended to alter carbohydrate (CHO) and fat availability was undertaken during the first two experiments. In addition to influencing energy substrate availability, the diet and exercise regimen also significantly influenced resting acid-base balance and high intensity exercise capacity. The reduction in exercise performance afer administration of a low CHO, high fat, high protein diet may have been due to the diet-induced acidosis produced by this diet. However, it is also probable that glycogen availability was influencing exercise performance in this situation. A fixed period of exercise under the same experimental conditions indicates that a higher than normal muscle glycogen content may dictate the pattern of substrate utilisation during high intensity exercise. In a second series of experiments it was demonstrated that dietary manipulation alone will influence acid-base balance and exercise capacity. A high fat, high protein diet will produce a metabolic acidosis but will not influence total muscle glycogen content. In this situation, it is unlikely that a reduction in high intensity exercise performance can be attributed to the availability of muscle glycogen. It is possible that a change in fat availability, rather than muscle glycogen content, will influence the pattern of substrate utilisation during high intensity exercise. However, it is unlikely that a change in fat availability will be responsible for the reduction in exercise capacity recorded after a high fat, high protein diet. The reduction in exercise capacity may be the result of a diet-induced acidosis. Although it is unlikely that dietary acidosis will influence H+ efflux from muscle it may influence pre-exercise muscle buffering capacity. The resulting greater decline in muscle pH during exercise after a high fat, high protein diet may influence muscle function: firstly, by inhibiting the activation of muscle contraction which is due possibly to a reduction in the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and a reduction in the affinity of the myofilaments to Ca2+. Secondly, by inhibiting muscle relaxation which is thought to result from a disruption in actin-myosin corss-bridge separation and a reduction in the rate of Ca2+ removal from the myofibril cytoplasm. Thirdly, by inhibiting muscle glycolysis at the point of PFK. Finally, there is some evidence to suggest that the rate of muscle lactate efflux and/or the metabolic fate of lactate produced during high intensity exercise are different from normal after a period of dietary manipulation.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 30, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-165). Also issued in print.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-120).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-178). Also available on the Internet.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-55).

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 (DMT2) är en allvarlig kronisk sjukdom som blir allt vanligare bland befolkningen. Obehandlad eller dåligt kontrollerad DMT2 kan leda till sena diabeteskomplikationer som skapar ett stort lidande för individen samt stora samhällskostnader. Livsstilsförändringar såsom hälsosam kost och fysisk aktivitet har en gynnsam effekt på blodglukosnivåer vilket därmed verkar förebyggande för sena komplikationer. Det har i tidigare studier visat sig vara svårt att göra dessa nödvändiga livsstilsförändringar. Det är därför av intresse att studera och beskriva vilka upplevelser individer har som försökt förändra sin livsstil för att få en djupare förståelse för denna patientgrupp och vilket stöd som de eventuellt behöver.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att studera och beskriva upplevelser hos personer med diabetes mellitus typ 2 som har ändrat livsstil gällande kost och fysisk aktivitet. Metod: Litteraturstudie med beskrivande design. Resultat: Det framkom att socialt stöd, kunskap och motivation var faktorer som upplevdes underlättande vid livsstilsförändringar. Brist på ovanstående faktorer upplevdes försvårande. Tillgänglighet och svårigheter att skapa nya vanor samt fysiska och praktiska hinder var ytterligare faktorer som uppgavs vara försvårande vid livsstilsförändringar. Slutsats: Det är svårt att genomföra livsstilsförändringar. Med individanpassat stöd riktat mot kunskap, motivation och individens sociala situation kan livsstilsförändringar vara lättare att genomföra. / Background: Diabetes Type 2 is a serious chronic disease which is highly prevalent among population. Untreated or unregulated Diabetes Type 2 may lead to diabetes complications which in turn causes suffering for the patient and large costs to society. Healthy lifestyle behavior as healthy diet and exercise has beneficial effects on blood glucose levels which can prevent diabetes complications. Recent studies have shown that adopting healthy lifestyle behavior is challenging. That being said, it is important to explore and describe perceptions of making lifestyle changes and to develop deeper understanding of what these patients are going through to be able to give them the support they need.  Aim: To explore and describe experiences of making lifestyle changes, in terms of diet and exercise, among people suffering from type 2 diabetes. Method: Literature review with descriptive design Results: The analysis of the articles resulted in nine categories. Three of them were experiences that facilitated lifestyle change: social support, knowledge and motivation. Six of the categories were experiences that was considered as challenging: Lack of social support, lack of knowledge, lack of motivation, access, difficulties in creating new habits and finely physical and practical barriers. Conclusions: It is difficult to adopt new lifestyle habits. Individually adjusted support is necessary to meet the needs of social support, knowledge and motivation to facilitate the process of lifestyle change.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2669. Adviser: R. Sue Day. Includes bibliographical references.