Currently no ideal method for the assessment of dietary intake of individuals or groups exists. All diet assessment methods have their limitations; much debate exists as to which method is best. The goal is to design an assessment tool that is comprehensive in that it reflects dietary variety but that is not too burdensome for participants. The FCM integrates an interview tool with a computerized program that quantifies food and nutrients in real time. The present study was undertaken to determine if the FCM is appropriate to use with community living older adults. This exploratory study used a mixed method approach to determine differences in recall between the FCM and three 24 HRs. Quantitative findings show significant differences between the methods in reports of energy, zinc, and calcium intakes and consumption of “other” foods. Qualitative findings show that the abstract thinking required to complete the FCM may be difficult for this population.

Currently no ideal method for the assessment of dietary intake of individuals or groups exists. All diet assessment methods have their limitations; much debate exists as to which method is best. The goal is to design an assessment tool that is comprehensive in that it reflects dietary variety but that is not too burdensome for participants. The FCM integrates an interview tool with a computerized program that quantifies food and nutrients in real time. The present study was undertaken to determine if the FCM is appropriate to use with community living older adults. This exploratory study used a mixed method approach to determine differences in recall between the FCM and three 24 HRs. Quantitative findings show significant differences between the methods in reports of energy, zinc, and calcium intakes and consumption of “other” foods. Qualitative findings show that the abstract thinking required to complete the FCM may be difficult for this population.

abstract: The evaluation of nutritional status by dietary intake assessment is fundamental to nutrition research. Accurate assessment allows for health professional-moderated diet adjustment in order to promote disease prevention and management. However, dietary intake can be extremely challenging to measure properly as reliability and accuracy are essential. As technology use has become more prevalent in recent years, an assortment of online, web-based diet analysis methods have begun to emerge. Are these modern methods as accurate as the traditional methods? The aim of this study was to compare and contrast diet analyses from a feeding trial in which both subject-coded (using the Automated Self Administered 24 hour recall, or the ASA24) and investigator-coded (using the Food Processor diet analysis program) diet records were available. Sixty-four overweight (body mass index >27-40 kg/m2) members of a campus community between the ages of 20-45 were recruited for an 8-week parallel arm, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of two different pre-dinner meal snacks on satiety, calories consumed, and contribution to modest weight loss. As part of the study requirements, participants completed 3-day food logs at four different times during the trial: pre-trial, and week 1, 4, and 8. Participants also entered their dietary information into the ASA24 website the day after the intake was recorded by hand. Nutrient intake values were compared between the ASA24 records and the handwritten food logs. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistical Analysis version 19.0; bivariate analyses and Spearman correlation analyses were utilized. Energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes did correlate significantly between the two methodologies, though both under-reporting and over-reporting were found to exist. Carbohydrate and fiber intakes were under-reported by subjects; retinol, beta-carotene, and vitamin C amounts were over-reported. These results are consistent with previous findings in reporting differences and suggest that the ASA24 is a comparably accurate dietary tracking tool to the traditional diet record method. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2012

East Africa is central to many aspects of human evolution and diversification. At the same time, diet is a key aspect of the ecology of any population. Therefore, one is often interested in the diets of past populations. To assess human diet in the past, stable isotope ratio and dental microwear analyses are often perceived as the only semi-quantitative and objective techniques. However, there are still many unknowns on how isotopic and microwear signals change in response to dietary variation, because few controlled studies have been carried out in modern populations. To investigate this issue, this study targeted living humans from African ethnic groups (El Molo, Turkana, Luhya, and Luo, from Kenya, and Baka, from Cameroon) that practise a wide range of traditional subsistence strategies (pastoralism, fishing, and agriculture), with the objective of building a framework in which to consider past diet in an East African context. This study analysed human hair (n = 143), nail (n = 83), and breath (n = 186) for δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{15}$N from the six different communities, and dental moulds (n = 150) from five of those communities (no moulds were collected from the Baka), and related the findings to dietary information. Dental microwear analyses had a low success rate because microwear features were obscured by the biofilm produced by mouth bacteria. Nevertheless, a visual analysis of the results suggested that the El Molo have the hardest and the toughest diet among all the groups studied, possibly through the inclusion of abrasives in the diet during food processing. In turn, the isotopic analyses revealed the ways in which agriculturalists and hunter gatherers differ from pastoralists and fishers in their isotopic values, although the variation in δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{15}$N did not distinguish between pastoralists and fishers. The results emphasise recent changes in the diet of these groups, the importance of local factors in isotope values, and the variable sensitivity of isotopes to dietary practices. In conclusion, although each technique could provide complementary data that would contribute to a more inclusive view of diet, dental microwear analyses are not easily applied to modern human groups, due to the difficulty in acquiring comparative in vivo data, and in distinguishing between patterns caused by food items, or food processing techniques.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-12T00:16:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelica_D_Lira_2017.pdf: 559734 bytes, checksum: 2f3500ed0adb917c1925679afb9dc768 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T00:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelica_D_Lira_2017.pdf: 559734 bytes, checksum: 2f3500ed0adb917c1925679afb9dc768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Several laboratory procedures and statistical methods were developed to evaluate diet in fish. Thus, through a scientometric approach, we identified patterns in articles on fish feeding ecology. The database used for the survey was Thomson Reuters (ISI Web of Knowledge, apps.webofknowledge.com). In which, we observed a significant increase in the number of articles on feeding ecology of fish over time. Among the 1319 articles evaluated, the most frequent characteristics were: i) publication in the Journal of Fish Biology; ii) Brazilian and American researchers as the main authors; iii) three authors per article; iv) marine environment as more studied; v) population, the most discussed subject; vi) frequency of occurrence, the most used method for analysis of stomach and intestinal contents; vii) index of relative importance, the method most used to evaluate the importance of food items in the diet; viii) the use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene statistical tests to evaluate the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances, respectively; ix) the use of the univariate analysis of variance hypotheses, the Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric univariate test, the multivariate analysis of permutational variance analysis, and the multivariate analysis of similarity tests; and x) the use of parametric ordering techniques cluster analysis and non-parametric non-metric multidimensional scaling. / Diversos procedimentos laboratoriais e métodos estatísticos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a dieta em peixes. Desse modo, por meio de uma análise cienciométrica identificamos tendências e padrões nos trabalhos sobre ecologia trófica de peixes, desde aspectos mais gerais até aspectos relacionados ao uso de ferramentas estatísticas. A base de dados utilizada para o levantamento foi a Thomson Reuters (ISI Web of Knowledge, apps.webofknowledge.com). Na qual verificamos aumento significativamente crescente na quantidade de artigos sobre ecologia trófica de peixes com o tempo. Dentre os 1319 artigos avaliados, as características mais frequentes foram: i) publicação na revista Journal of Fish Biology; ii) pesquisadores brasileiros e norte-americanos como autores principais; iii) três autores por trabalho; iv) ambiente marinho; v) população, o assunto mais abordado; vi) frequência de ocorrência, o método mais utilizado para análise do conteúdo estomacal e intestinal; vii) índice de importância relativa, método mais utilizado para avaliar a importância dos itens alimentares na dieta; viii) a utilização dos testes estatísticos Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Levene para avaliar os pressupostos de normalidade e homogeneidade de variâncias, respectivamente; ix) a utilização dos testes de hipóteses univariado paramétrico de análise de variância, do teste univaridado não-paramétrico de Kruskall-Wallis, do teste multivariado de análise de variância permutacional e do teste multivariado de análise de similaridades; e x) a utilização das técnicas de ordenação paramétrica análise de agrupamento e a não-paramétrica de escalonamento multidimensional não métrico.

The Dissertation deals with educational materials for patients with celiac disease. It describes general requirements for teaching materials and the didactical principles suitable for educational materials for patients with celiac disease. It presents a draft criteria for assessment of web sites intended for people suffering of celiac disease. Five Czech, as well as foreign Internet-based resources, have been selected and assessed for compliance with the criteria given by technical properties, contents, page structures, criteria evaluating credibility of the sites and educational criteria. All the sites assessed can be used for education of patients with celiac disease, but they are rather information sites with a low content of educational characteristics.

No description available.