Dietary choices present an important avenue for promoting food system sustainability. Research suggests that plant-based dietary patterns can have positive health effects and reduce environmental impacts. The Planetary Health Diet was proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission as a reference healthy and sustainable dietary pattern. A Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was developed for Brazil to measure adherence to Planetary Health Diet recommendations; however, a PHDI has not been developed and evaluated for the United States (U.S.) population. Additionally, relatively few studies have assessed dietary constructs related to sustainability among U.S. adults, including the construct of meat attachment (i.e., a positive bond toward eating meat) and willingness to reduce meat intake. These gaps informed three primary research objectives. First, develop and evaluate the PHDI for the U.S. (PHDI-US). Second, use the PHDI-US to measure American adherence to the Planetary Health Diet. Third, analyze differences in meat attachment and willingness to reduce meat intake by sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics in a southern U.S. population. Cross-sectional data from 4,741 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 were used for analyses. Validity and reliability tests were acceptable, with total PHDI-US and Health Eating Index-2015 scores being positively associated; concurrent-criterion validity analyses identifying significantly lower scores among males, everyday smokers, and younger adults; and Cronbach's alpha equaling 0.51. The average PHDI-US score was 38.7 out of 150, indicating that American diets are far from meeting Planetary Health Diet recommendations. Using the Meat Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ), levels of meat attachment, meat intake frequency, and willingness to reduce meat intake and follow a more plant-based diet were compared by gender, educational attainment, income, and age among 328 American adults. The two characteristics most associated with differences in MAQ scores were age and educational attainment, with younger adults and those with higher educational attainment having lower MAQ scores and greater willingness to follow a more plant-based diet. The results of these studies can help improve the design of interventions by providing a tool to quantitatively measure American adherence to the Planetary Health Diet and identifying that younger adults and those with higher educational attainment may be more receptive to adopting sustainable dietary patterns. / Doctor of Philosophy / Dietary choices present an important avenue for promoting food system sustainability. Research suggests that plant-based dietary patterns can have positive health effects and reduce environmental impacts. The Planetary Health Diet is a recommended healthy and sustainable dietary pattern. A Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was developed for Brazil to measure adherence to Planetary Health Diet recommendations; however, a PHDI has not been developed and evaluated for the United States (U.S.) population. Additionally, relatively few studies have assessed dietary constructs related to sustainability among U.S. adults, including the construct of meat attachment (i.e., a positive bond toward eating meat) and willingness to reduce meat intake. These gaps informed three research objectives. First, develop and evaluate the PHDI for the U.S. (PHDI-US). Second, use the PHDI-US to measure American adherence to the Planetary Health Diet. Third, analyze differences in meat attachment and willingness to reduce meat intake by sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics in a southern U.S. population. Data from 4,741 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 were used for analyses. Validity and reliability tests were acceptable, demonstrating that the PHDI-US can consistently measure dietary quality and sustainability in accordance with Planetary Health Diet recommendations. The average PHDI-US score was 38.7 out of 150, indicating that American diets are far from meeting Planetary Health Diet recommendations. Using the Meat Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ), levels of meat attachment, meat intake frequency, and willingness to reduce meat intake and follow a more plant-based diet were compared by gender, education level, income, and age among 328 American adults. Younger adults and those with a higher level of education had lower MAQ scores and greater willingness to follow a more plant-based diet. The results of these studies can help improve research studies by providing a tool to measure how closely American diets are meeting Planetary Health Diet recommendations and identifying that younger adults and those with a higher level of education may be more receptive to adopting sustainable dietary patterns.

Currently, 17.1% of 2-19 year olds are obese. While obesity is a multifactorial disease, energy imbalance is commonly cited as a primary etiology. Excess consumption of added sugar (AS) from corn and cane sweeteners has been implicated as a leading contributor to weight gain in youth and adults. Children and adolescents are among the highest consumers of AS, which account for 16% of their total daily calories (~318 calories/d), which is above American Heart Association, World Health Organization, and Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations. Although a strong temporal relationship has been established between weight gain and increased consumption of corn and cane sweeteners, a causal relationship is difficult to determine due to the inherent limitations of self-report dietary assessments (i.e., measurement errors such as underreporting). Further, obtaining accurate dietary intake data from children and adolescents is challenging due to the high dietary variability observed in this population. To overcome the limitations of self-report dietary assessments, the Institute of Medicine has recognized the need to develop and validate objective biomarkers of dietary intake.One such biomarker is the delta (δ) 13C biomarker; preliminary studies suggest that the δ13C biomarker is a valid, objective indicator of AS intake in adults and holds promise for children and adolescents. Establishing δ13C as a valid, reliable and sensitive means for assessing habitual AS intake in children and adolescents provides valuable objective dietary information with the potential to address a pressing public health concern, which is the relationship between AS intake and health. / Master of Science

Introdução. Muitos estudos epidemiológicos sugerem a potencial relação do consumo habitual de nutrientes ou alimentos com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Os efeitos da dieta na saúde humana não ocorrem em curto prazo e sim pela exposição repetida em períodos de tempo maior. O interesse em se estudar o consumo alimentar na fase da adolescência justifica-se pela associação de hábitos alimentares inadequados neste grupo etário serem um fator de risco para enfermidades, particularmente as de origem metabólica. A avaliação e a quantificação da dieta habitual dos indivíduos e escolha do instrumento para a mensuração do consumo são exercícios difíceis, pois ambos influenciam a plausibilidade dos resultados obtidos. Cada vez mais os sistemas computadorizados e o meio digital estão sendo incrementados no campo das pesquisas relacionadas à saúde da população, pois permitem recolher dados de forma contínua, independentemente da hora do dia e do dia da semana, e sem limitações geográficas. Objetivo. Aplicar o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Simplificado para Adolescentes (QFASA) em ambiente digital para avaliação da dieta habitual de escolares do município de Salesópolis SP. Métodos. Uma amostra de 157 escolares respondeu a dois Questionários de Frequência Alimentar Simplificado para Adolescentes versão virtual (QFASA) e três Recordatórios de 24 horas (R24h). O QFASA possui 58 itens alimentares, semi-quantitativo e com frequência de consumo. Foi realizada a descrição do consumo habitual dos escolares pelo QFASA e pelo R24h. Os resultados de consumo alimentar de macronutrientes e alguns micronutrientes foram comparados entre: QFASA aplicado no primeiro momento (QFASA1) x QFASA aplicado segundo momento (QFASA2) e QFASA2 x média entre 3 R24h. Resultados. De 157 adolescentes, com idade média de 13 anos, 64 por cento eram do sexo feminino. Os meninos apresentaram consumo superior de energia e nutrientes comparado com as meninas na média dos 3 Recordatórios de 24 horas e no 7 QFASA2. Ao comparar os dois QFASA observou-se diferença entre as médias de consumo dos macro e micronutrientes, com exceção da vitamina C e o QFASA1 apresentou valores superiores para todos os nutrientes estudados. Quando confrontados os valores de consumo do QFASA2 com o R24h, observa-se também diferenças entre suas médias, com exceção do colesterol e vitamina C para o sexo masculino, além disso o QFASA2 superestima todos os nutrientes estudados. Conclusão. Os meninos apresentam uma média maior de consumo alimentar quando comprados as meninas para a maioria dos nutrientes estudados, tanto no R24h quanto no QFASA. O QFASA na sua versão virtual não pode ser considerado um bom instrumento para avaliar o consumo habitual dos adolescentes, pois apresenta médias significativamente diferentes, quando comparado ao R24h (método de referência). Além disso, mostrou-se de difícil compreensão pelos adolescentes, necessitando de uma revisão dos seus itens, porções definidas e frequência de consumo e posterior estudo de usabilidade e Teste de Resposta ao Item. / Introduction. Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated the potential relationship between habitual intake of nutrients or foods with chronic non communicable diseases (NCDs). Due to the effects of diet on human health do not occur in the short term but by repeated periods of a long time. The interest in studying adolescents food intake is justified by the association of poor dietary habits in this group being a risk factor for diseases, particularly those of metabolic origin. The assessment,quantification and choice of an instrument for measuring intake of adolescents usual diet are difficult exercises because both influence the plausibility of the results. Increasingly, computer systems and digital media are being incremented in the field of research related to the health of the population, they allow to collect data continuously, regardless of time of day and day of the week, and without geographical limitations. Objective. Applying the Simplified Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SFQA) in digital environment to evaluation of usual diet of school children in Salesópolis - SP. Methods. A sample of 157 students answered two Simplified Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents - virtual version (SFQA) and three 24-hour recalls (24h). The SFQA had 58 semi-quantitative food items with the frequency of consumption. The description of the usual diet of students by QFASA and the 24h was performed. The results of dietary intake of macronutrients and some micronutrients were compared in two moments: 1. SFQA - applied at first time (SFQA1) x SFQA - applied second time; 2. The average of (SFQA2) between 3 R24h x SFQA2. Results. Between 157 adolescents, mean age of 13 years (64 per cent female). The boys had higher intake of energy and nutrients when compared to girls in the average of three 24-hour recalls and SFQA2. When comparing the two SFQA was observed difference between the mean intake of macronutrients and micronutrientes, with the exception of vitamin C and SFQA1 revealed higher values in all the studied nutrients. When confronted 9 intake values of SFQA2 with 24h, was observed differences between their averages, with the exception of cholesterol and vitamin C for males, moreover the SFQA2 over-estimated all studied nutrients. Conclusion. Boys have higher food intake than girls in most nutrients studied, in the R24h and SFQA. The SFQA in its virtual version can not be considered a good instrument to assess the habitual intake of adolescents, has been shown significantly differences between means when compared to R24h (reference method). Moreover, proved elusive for adolescents, requiring a revision of their items, defined portions and frequency of intake and subsequent usability study and test item response.

Underreporting in dietary assessment has been linked to dietary restraint (DR) and social desirability (SD). Thus, this study investigated accuracy of reporting energy intake (EI) of a laboratory meal during a 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) in 38 healthy, college-aged (20.3 +/- 1.7 years), normal-weight women (22.4 +/- 1.8 kg/m2), categorized as high or low in DR and SD. Participants consumed a meal (sandwich wrap, chips, fruit, and ice cream) and completed a telephone 24HR. Accuracy of reported intake = (((reported intake - measured intake)/measured intake) x 100) [positive numbers = overreporting]. Overreporting of EI was found in all groups (meal accuracy rate = 43.1 +/- 49.9%). An interaction of SD x individual foods (p < 0.05) occurred. SD-High as compared to SD-Low more accurately reported EI of chips (19.8 +/- 56.2% vs. 117.1 +/- 141.3%, p < 0.05) and ice cream (17.2 +/- 78.2% vs. 71.6 +/- 82.7%, p < 0.05). An effect of SD occurred, where SD-High as compared to SD-Low more accurately reported meal EI (29.8 +/- 48.2% vs. 58.0 +/- 48.8%, p < 0.05). For measured meal EI, an effect of DR occurred where DR-High consumed less than DR-Low (437 +/- 169 kcals vs. 559 +/- 207 kcals, p < 0.05). An interaction of DR x food type (p < 0.05) occurred where DR-High as compared to DR-Low consumed less sandwich wrap (156 +/- 63 kcals vs. 210 +/- 76 kcals, p < 0.05) and ice cream (126 +/-73 kcals vs. 190 +/- 106 kcals, p < 0.05). For reported meal EI, an effect of DR occurred where DR-High reported consuming less than DR-Low (561 +/- 200 kcals vs. 818 +/- 362 kcals, p < 0.05). An interaction of DR x individual foods (p < 0.05) occurred where DR-High reported consuming less ice cream than DR-Low (145 +/- 91 kcals vs. 302 +/- 235 kcals, p < 0.05). Overreporting EI from a laboratory meal was prevalent. However, those high in SD were more accurate in reporting intake, particularly of high-fat foods. Future research is needed to investigate factors that contribute to overreporting.

Intakes of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, ≥20 Carbons, ≥3 double bonds) eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) greater than 0.25 g/d are currently recommended for health benefits. Targets for omega-3 blood biomarkers have also been proposed based on associations with protection against coronary heart disease mortality. The relationship between diet intakes and blood biomarkers is not well defined, particularly differences between men and women. North American intakes and blood biomarkers of EPA and DHA are typically below recommendations and targets. To address this disparity, adherence to dietary advice strategies to increase EPA + DHA intake was investigated over one year. Adherence was sustained up to 12 weeks and long-term adherence was well characterized by the % of DHA in erythrocytes. For women, n-3 HUFA blood biomarkers increased following nutraceutical or combined strategy dietary advice but not seafood or functional food advice. To assist in the assessment of EPA + DHA intakes, food sources of EPA and DHA in Canada were incorporated into a semi-quantitative, nutrient-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and validated. The FFQ is an adequate tool for estimating habitual EPA and DHA intake and ranking Canadian adults by their intakes. The blood biomarker response to recommended intakes of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/d EPA + DHA was also characterized in adult men and women. Blood n-3 HUFA biomarkers increased in a dose-dependent manner and aligned with blood targets associated with primary cardiac arrest risk reduction. Sex differences in the DHA:EPA ratio in blood observed with low intakes at baseline disappeared following 0.25 g/d EPA + DHA. These findings are applicable towards informing achievable dietary guidelines for EPA + DHA intake and improving measurement of EPA + DHA intake in relation to blood n-3 HUFA biomarkers.

Underreporting in dietary assessment has been linked to dietary restraint (DR) and social desirability (SD). Thus, this study investigated accuracy of reporting energy intake (EI) of a laboratory meal during a 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) in 38 healthy, college-aged (20.3 +/- 1.7 years), normal-weight women (22.4 +/- 1.8 kg/m2), categorized as high or low in DR and SD. Participants consumed a meal (sandwich wrap, chips, fruit, and ice cream) and completed a telephone 24HR. Accuracy of reported intake = (((reported intake - measured intake)/measured intake) x 100) [positive numbers = overreporting]. Overreporting of EI was found in all groups (meal accuracy rate = 43.1 +/- 49.9%). An interaction of SD x individual foods (p < 0.05) occurred. SD-High as compared to SD-Low more accurately reported EI of chips (19.8 +/- 56.2% vs. 117.1 +/- 141.3%, p < 0.05) and ice cream (17.2 +/- 78.2% vs. 71.6 +/- 82.7%, p < 0.05). An effect of SD occurred, where SD-High as compared to SD-Low more accurately reported meal EI (29.8 +/- 48.2% vs. 58.0 +/- 48.8%, p < 0.05). For measured meal EI, an effect of DR occurred where DR-High consumed less than DR-Low (437 +/- 169 kcals vs. 559 +/- 207 kcals, p < 0.05). An interaction of DR x food type (p < 0.05) occurred where DR-High as compared to DR-Low consumed less sandwich wrap (156 +/- 63 kcals vs. 210 +/- 76 kcals, p < 0.05) and ice cream (126 +/-73 kcals vs. 190 +/- 106 kcals, p < 0.05). For reported meal EI, an effect of DR occurred where DR-High reported consuming less than DR-Low (561 +/- 200 kcals vs. 818 +/- 362 kcals, p < 0.05). An interaction of DR x individual foods (p < 0.05) occurred where DR-High reported consuming less ice cream than DR-Low (145 +/- 91 kcals vs. 302 +/- 235 kcals, p < 0.05). Overreporting EI from a laboratory meal was prevalent. However, those high in SD were more accurate in reporting intake, particularly of high-fat foods. Future research is needed to investigate factors that contribute to overreporting.

Background: The only treatment for celiac disease consists of excluding gluten. Gluten is a protein complex found in wheat, rye, and barley, which are cereals commonly used in bread, pasta, pizza, etc. The overall aims of this thesis were to study; what happens with food choices and nutrient intakes when individuals are prescribed a gluten-free diet and what consequences this has on the everyday lives of young women and young men dealing with this disease. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to study nutrient intake and how food choices were affected after a change to a gluten-free diet. The FFQ was sent to 12-13 years-old adolescents who took part in a large Swedish celiac screening study. The following three groups were studied: previously diagnosed with celiac disease, screening-diagnosed and non-celiac controls. The first FFQ was sent out before the screening-diagnosed adolescents had been told they had celiac disease, and the second was sent 12-18 months after they had been prescribed the gluten-free treatment. Semi-structured interviews were performed five years later in order to study how everyday life was affected by celiac disease in seven young women and seven young men. The interviews were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The previously diagnosed celiac disease group reported a nutrient intake in line with the non-celiac control group. Most of the participants reported nutrient intakes above the estimated average requirements. A diagnosis of celiac disease altered the intake of some foods, and this was shown by comparing the results from the baseline FFQ before the diagnosis and the follow-up FFQ after. The young women and young men reported similar experiences of the gluten-free food, but the perceived consequences of living with celiac disease differed between genders. Conclusion: This thesis shows that after a diagnosis of celiac disease food changes are necessary in order to be compliant with the gluten-free diet. One common effect is that food options will be reduced. However, as long the food intake is gluten-free, varied, and in sufficient quantity there is no reason to worry more about the nutritional intake of adolescents diagnosed with celiac disease than there is for their non-celiac peers. The findings in this thesis also show that society’s gender order has a great impact on how young women and young men experience their everyday lives, with celiac disease, and with the gluten-free diet.

Intakes of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, ≥20 Carbons, ≥3 double bonds) eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) greater than 0.25 g/d are currently recommended for health benefits. Targets for omega-3 blood biomarkers have also been proposed based on associations with protection against coronary heart disease mortality. The relationship between diet intakes and blood biomarkers is not well defined, particularly differences between men and women. North American intakes and blood biomarkers of EPA and DHA are typically below recommendations and targets. To address this disparity, adherence to dietary advice strategies to increase EPA + DHA intake was investigated over one year. Adherence was sustained up to 12 weeks and long-term adherence was well characterized by the % of DHA in erythrocytes. For women, n-3 HUFA blood biomarkers increased following nutraceutical or combined strategy dietary advice but not seafood or functional food advice. To assist in the assessment of EPA + DHA intakes, food sources of EPA and DHA in Canada were incorporated into a semi-quantitative, nutrient-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and validated. The FFQ is an adequate tool for estimating habitual EPA and DHA intake and ranking Canadian adults by their intakes. The blood biomarker response to recommended intakes of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/d EPA + DHA was also characterized in adult men and women. Blood n-3 HUFA biomarkers increased in a dose-dependent manner and aligned with blood targets associated with primary cardiac arrest risk reduction. Sex differences in the DHA:EPA ratio in blood observed with low intakes at baseline disappeared following 0.25 g/d EPA + DHA. These findings are applicable towards informing achievable dietary guidelines for EPA + DHA intake and improving measurement of EPA + DHA intake in relation to blood n-3 HUFA biomarkers.

Introdução. Muitos estudos epidemiológicos sugerem a potencial relação do consumo habitual de nutrientes ou alimentos com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Os efeitos da dieta na saúde humana não ocorrem em curto prazo e sim pela exposição repetida em períodos de tempo maior. O interesse em se estudar o consumo alimentar na fase da adolescência justifica-se pela associação de hábitos alimentares inadequados neste grupo etário serem um fator de risco para enfermidades, particularmente as de origem metabólica. A avaliação e a quantificação da dieta habitual dos indivíduos e escolha do instrumento para a mensuração do consumo são exercícios difíceis, pois ambos influenciam a plausibilidade dos resultados obtidos. Cada vez mais os sistemas computadorizados e o meio digital estão sendo incrementados no campo das pesquisas relacionadas à saúde da população, pois permitem recolher dados de forma contínua, independentemente da hora do dia e do dia da semana, e sem limitações geográficas. Objetivo. Aplicar o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Simplificado para Adolescentes (QFASA) em ambiente digital para avaliação da dieta habitual de escolares do município de Salesópolis SP. Métodos. Uma amostra de 157 escolares respondeu a dois Questionários de Frequência Alimentar Simplificado para Adolescentes versão virtual (QFASA) e três Recordatórios de 24 horas (R24h). O QFASA possui 58 itens alimentares, semi-quantitativo e com frequência de consumo. Foi realizada a descrição do consumo habitual dos escolares pelo QFASA e pelo R24h. Os resultados de consumo alimentar de macronutrientes e alguns micronutrientes foram comparados entre: QFASA aplicado no primeiro momento (QFASA1) x QFASA aplicado segundo momento (QFASA2) e QFASA2 x média entre 3 R24h. Resultados. De 157 adolescentes, com idade média de 13 anos, 64 por cento eram do sexo feminino. Os meninos apresentaram consumo superior de energia e nutrientes comparado com as meninas na média dos 3 Recordatórios de 24 horas e no 7 QFASA2. Ao comparar os dois QFASA observou-se diferença entre as médias de consumo dos macro e micronutrientes, com exceção da vitamina C e o QFASA1 apresentou valores superiores para todos os nutrientes estudados. Quando confrontados os valores de consumo do QFASA2 com o R24h, observa-se também diferenças entre suas médias, com exceção do colesterol e vitamina C para o sexo masculino, além disso o QFASA2 superestima todos os nutrientes estudados. Conclusão. Os meninos apresentam uma média maior de consumo alimentar quando comprados as meninas para a maioria dos nutrientes estudados, tanto no R24h quanto no QFASA. O QFASA na sua versão virtual não pode ser considerado um bom instrumento para avaliar o consumo habitual dos adolescentes, pois apresenta médias significativamente diferentes, quando comparado ao R24h (método de referência). Além disso, mostrou-se de difícil compreensão pelos adolescentes, necessitando de uma revisão dos seus itens, porções definidas e frequência de consumo e posterior estudo de usabilidade e Teste de Resposta ao Item. / Introduction. Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated the potential relationship between habitual intake of nutrients or foods with chronic non communicable diseases (NCDs). Due to the effects of diet on human health do not occur in the short term but by repeated periods of a long time. The interest in studying adolescents food intake is justified by the association of poor dietary habits in this group being a risk factor for diseases, particularly those of metabolic origin. The assessment,quantification and choice of an instrument for measuring intake of adolescents usual diet are difficult exercises because both influence the plausibility of the results. Increasingly, computer systems and digital media are being incremented in the field of research related to the health of the population, they allow to collect data continuously, regardless of time of day and day of the week, and without geographical limitations. Objective. Applying the Simplified Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SFQA) in digital environment to evaluation of usual diet of school children in Salesópolis - SP. Methods. A sample of 157 students answered two Simplified Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents - virtual version (SFQA) and three 24-hour recalls (24h). The SFQA had 58 semi-quantitative food items with the frequency of consumption. The description of the usual diet of students by QFASA and the 24h was performed. The results of dietary intake of macronutrients and some micronutrients were compared in two moments: 1. SFQA - applied at first time (SFQA1) x SFQA - applied second time; 2. The average of (SFQA2) between 3 R24h x SFQA2. Results. Between 157 adolescents, mean age of 13 years (64 per cent female). The boys had higher intake of energy and nutrients when compared to girls in the average of three 24-hour recalls and SFQA2. When comparing the two SFQA was observed difference between the mean intake of macronutrients and micronutrientes, with the exception of vitamin C and SFQA1 revealed higher values in all the studied nutrients. When confronted 9 intake values of SFQA2 with 24h, was observed differences between their averages, with the exception of cholesterol and vitamin C for males, moreover the SFQA2 over-estimated all studied nutrients. Conclusion. Boys have higher food intake than girls in most nutrients studied, in the R24h and SFQA. The SFQA in its virtual version can not be considered a good instrument to assess the habitual intake of adolescents, has been shown significantly differences between means when compared to R24h (reference method). Moreover, proved elusive for adolescents, requiring a revision of their items, defined portions and frequency of intake and subsequent usability study and test item response.

The main purpose of this work is to reconstruct 3D model of an entire scene byusing two ordinary cameras. We develop a mobile phone application, based onstereo vision and image analysis algorithms, executed either locally or on a remotehost, to calculate the dietary intake using the current questionnaire and the mobilephone photographs. The information of segmented 3D models are used to calculatethe volume -and then the calories- of a person’s daily intake food. The method ischecked using different solid food samples, in different camera arrangements. Theresults shows that the method successfully reconstructs 3D model of different foodsample with high details.