DIPLOMA THESIS: Safety of selected dietary supplements with regard to the content of food additives SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ, CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE AUTHOR: Jana Tížková SUPERVISOR: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION: Usage of dietary supplements is increasing each year. But with this trend there are also concerns about their possible damaging influence, mostly due to present food additives. I have decided to map safety of dietary supplements from food additives point of view, because of spare information about their potential harmfulness. OBJECTIVE: Goal of this work is to evaluate safety of bestselling immune system support according to food additives that they contain and analysis of most commonly occurring harmful additives influence on human health. METHODOLOGY: List of bestselling dietary supplements was gathered from one of pharmaceutical chain brand. Data came from diverse list of dietary supplements, from which I have chosen those with supporting effect on immune system. They contain mostly substances gathered from Echinacea plants, specifically Echinacea angustifolia, pallida, purpurea, mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, also those containing Probiotics, Royal jelly and mixture of oligosaccharides, nucleotides and...

Effectiveness and safety of selected dietary supplements Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Student: Kateřina Smolíková Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Introduction: The market for dietary supplements in recent years has seen a noticeable upswing and supplements become for some people part of their daily lives, which could mean potential risks. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and risks of selected dietary supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon, Serenoa repens, Cimicifuga racemosa, Glycine max and Silybum marianum. At the same time, the aim of this work was to evaluate the safety of selected supplements from the point of view of content of additives, check undesirable effects of harmful additives and compare them with the identified undesirable effects of medicinal plants. Methods: Efficacy and safety were assessed on the basis of scientific studies. It has been rated 5 best-selling groups of food supplements in 2011. The list of 100 best-selling nutritional supplements in the Czech Republic were given to us by one pharmacy chain. From the most selling supplements was made a list of the most frequently occurring substances content which was sent to the Ministry of Health with a request to add...

Safety of the selected food supplements in terms of the presence of additives Additives are commonly present not only in food, but also in food supplements. Safety of these substances remains a question. The aim of the theses is to evaluate the safety of the best selling supplements in the Czech Republic in the year 2011 from the viewpoint of additives and constituents. Given the scale of researched products, I focused on products strengthening the cardiovascular system containing omega 3 fatty acids , garlic, coenzyme Q 10 and lecithin. As a source of information about the content and the presence of additives, the data from the Ministry of Health and the Information System decision of the Chief Hygienist (IS RoHy) were used. The safety evaluation of additives was carried out on the basis of the available methodology for consumers. Information about adverse effects of additives and content substances were searched using information databases Martindale , Reprotox, AltMedDex, Drugdex, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), IPCS INCHEM, PubMed independent commission database JECFA Joint FAO / WHO Expert committee on Food additives. Descriptive statistics was used. Of the large number of products (97), 5 products were classified as safe and 92 as products harmful to...

SAFETY OF THE SELECTED FOOD SUPPLEMENTS FROM VIEWPOINT OF THE PRESENCE ADDITIVES. Student: Renáta Jajtnerová Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Introduction: Nowadays the additives are absolutely common part of our life and we encounter with them almost daily. We can find them not only in food but also in drugs or various food supplements. Their safety is often discuss and the opinions of individual experts are often different. Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the safety of food supplements in terms of the presence of food additives and their possible interactions with substances. The evaluation concern food supplements which occurred on the Czech market in 2011. Because the number of food supplements on our market is very high, I focused only on the supplements used for the support joints and for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methodology: One of the pharmaceutical chains provided for us the list of best- selling products and the complete list of products we received from the Ministry of health. Than the composition of these supplements was sought on the Information system decision of the chief hygienist (Is RoHy) alternatively in the pharmacy or directly from the...

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 J674 / Master of Science / Animal Sciences and Industry

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / Two studies were carried out to investigate the effect of cowpea cultivar supplementation on productivity of Pedi goats and Doper sheep fed ad libitum buffalo grass. Experiment 1 investigated the effect of cowpea cultivars supplementation on productivity of Pedi goats fed ad libitum buffalo grass hay using twelve goats that were assigned in a completely randomized design. The Pedi goats were fed ad libitum a basal diet of buffalo grass supplemented with four levels each of four cowpea cultivars namely, Pan 311, Red caloona, Black eye and Agripes. The four levels fed were 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/day. The experiment involved a 25 day preliminary period and a five day collection period during which feed intake, digestibility, live weight changes and nitrogen were measured. Based on available data, all the cowpea cultivars contained more than 15 % crude protein and can therefore be used as protein supplements to goats on low quality roughage. Pan 311 had higher feeding value (p<0.05), although it contained the highest concentration of condensed tannins. The concentration of tannins in Pan 311 did not exert negative effects on intake and digestibility. The data on a in vitro enzymatic digestibility of the cowpea cultivars and buffalo grass hay demonstrated that the cowpea cultivars had higher in vitro DM, OM and protein digestibilities that ranged from 0.64 to 0.75. The cowpea cultivars have high in vitro digestibility values thus implicating their suitability as supplements. Also chemical contents of the cowpea cultivars and the buffalo grass hay had poor capacity to predict forage in vitro digestibility. Forage intake and growth rate of Pedi goats were poorly predicted from in vitro digestibility. Experiment 11 investigated the intake and relative palatability indices of four cowpea cultivars offered to Pedi goats and Dorper sheep fed low quality buffalo grass hay. The experiment was a 2 (animal species goats and sheep) x 5 diets (four cowpea cultivars and buffalo grass hay) factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Intake and palatability of the goats and sheep were higher in Pan 311. Sheep had higher voluntary feed intake values than goats, but palatability indices were higher in goats than in sheep. Goats were better than sheep in the palatability indices ranking of the four cowpea cultivars. This seems to demonstrate that goats are better suited for assessing palatability indices ranking of cowpea hays and other similar legumes. Forage intakes and palatability indices ranking were poorly predicted from their nutrient. Growth of the goats was well predicted by forage in vivo digestibility and palatability indices. Also, forage intakes accurately predicted the palatability indices of the cowpea cultivars by the goats and sheep.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S. in food science)--Washington State University, December 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Data is limited evaluating infrequent supplementation of urea or biuret to ruminants consuming low-quality forage (<6% crude protein). Therefore, a series of experiments were designed to compare the effects of daily (D) and alternate day (2D) supplementation of two non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources (urea or biuret) to ruminants consuming low-quality forage. Experiment 1 was a N balance study using five wethers in an incomplete 5 x 4 Latin square design (five treatments; four 24-d periods) with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (two sources of NPN and two supplementation frequencies) and an unsupplemented control. Supplements, consisting of urea or biuret mixed with ground soy hulls and dried molasses, were isonitrogenous (approximately 26% crude protein; dry matter basis) and offered D or 2D. The 2D supplemented lambs received double the quantity of supplemental N on their supplementation day compared with D lambs; therefore, all D and 2D treatments received the same amount of supplemental N over a 2-d period. Experiment 2 was a 70-d cow performance study using 80 spring-calving cows during the last third of gestation. Cows were stratified by age, body condition score, and expected calving date, and assigned randomly within stratification to one of the five treatments described in Experiment 1 above. They were then sorted by treatment and randomly assigned to 1 of 20 pens (4 cows/pen, 4 pens/treatment). Experiment 3 was a site of digestion study using five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers to compare D and 2D supplementation of urea or biuret on forage intake, ruminal fermentation, site and extent of nutrient digestion, and rumen microbial efficiency. Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were used in an incomplete 5 x 4 Latin square design with the same treatments described in Experiment 1. The results for Experiment 1 reported that DM, OM, and N intake, DM, OM, and N digestibility, N balance, and digested N retained were greater (P<0.03) for supplemented wethers compared with CON with no difference (P>0.05) because of NPN source or SF. Supplemented lambs had increased plasma urea N (PUN) compared with CON (P<0.01) and urea treatments had greater PUN compared with biuret (P<0.01). Also, PUN was increased (P=0.02) for D compared with 2D treatments. In addition, data suggest that PUN exhibited less fluctuation on the day of a supplementation event for biuret compared with urea. Experiment 2 demonstrated that pre- and post- calving (within 14 d and 24 h of calving, respectively) cow weight and body condition score changes were more positive (P<0.05) for supplemented groups compared with the CON. In Experiment 3, forage OM intake and OM digestibility were not affected (P>0.05) by NPN supplementation, NPN source, or SF. However, total OM and N intake were increased (P<0.01) with supplementation. Duodenal flow of OM tended (P=0.08) to increase with NPN supplementation while N flow was greater (P=0.04) with NPN supplementation compared with the control. In addition, duodenal bacterial N flow was increased with NPN supplementation (P=0.04) and for biuret compared with urea (P<0.01). Bacterial efficiency (g bacterial N/kg OM truly digested in the rumen) was greater for the control compared with NPN treatments (P<0.01) while biuret had greater true N disappearance compared with urea (P=0.01). Intestinal disappearance (% of duodenal flow) of OM and N was not affected by NPN supplementation, NPN source, or SF. However, apparent total tract N digestibility was increased with NPN supplementation (P<0.01) and not affected by NPN source or SF. In addition, ruminal NH���-N increased (P<0.04) on the day all supplements were provided and the day only daily supplement were provided with supplemental NPN. However, an NPN source x SF interaction (P=0.03) on the day all supplements were provided indicated NH���-N increased at a greater rate for urea as SF decreased compared with biuret. Ruminal NH���-N on the day only daily supplements were provided was greater for D compared with 2D (P=0.02). This data suggests that ruminal degradation of biuret to NH���-N was more moderate and prolonged compared with urea, possibly improving use by ruminal microflora. On the day all supplements were provided, D treatments had increased (P=0.05) ruminal indigestible acid detergent fiber passage rate and ruminal liquid volume compared with 2D treatments. Overall, NPN supplementation when feeding low-quality forage (<6% CP) was more beneficial than compared to a negative control, for increasing efficiency of forage digestion, N use, and animal performance. While at the same time indicating that the infrequent supplementation of urea or biuret was not detrimental to forage nutrient utilization, N efficiency or cow performance. This research will provide researchers and ruminant livestock producers with original information that can be used in designing winter supplementation strategies that decrease supplementation costs. Keywords: Urea, Biuret, Forage, Non-Protein Nitrogen, Supplementation, Frequency / Graduation date: 2003