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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22095号 / 情博第705号 / 新制||情||121(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 西田 豊明, 教授 河原 達也, 教授 黒橋 禎夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

The impact of brand ambassador transgression on brand perception is investigated in this study. To reach the goal of this research the impact brand ambassador transgression across different generational cohorts was measured. The essence of brand ambassadors in the new branding landscape was determined from literature. The new branding landscape as a whole was described to provide a context for the study and the impact and affect thereof on the different generations. The increasing popularity of using brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns due to their ability to increase brand awareness, create or strengthen brand image as well as to achieve brand differentiation was discussed in depth. The literature also focused on brand ambassador transgressions and the impact thereof on brand perception. Mini-case studies which focussed on Tiger Woods, Lance Armstrong, Oscar Pistorius, Wayne Rooney and Charlie Sheen were provided as basis for the empirical research. An empirical research study has been launched to determine how different generational cohorts (Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers) perceive values (both personal values and organisation brand values), brands and brand ambassadors as well as brand ambassador transgressions based on the provided case studies. The questionnaire was distributed to consumers in different generational cohorts. The results of the research indicated that: - There is no clear differentiation between the different generations’ perception on personal values. However, there was a greater amount of variance between the generations regarding their perceptions on brand values. - There is a definite difference between the different generational cohorts regarding perceptions regarding brand ambassadors. - The majority of the respondents stated that the mentioned brand ambassador transgressions did not negatively influence their perception of the brand, which was endorsed. Furthermore, the brand ambassador’s transgression did not cause the consumers to refrain from purchasing products which was endorsed by the specific brand ambassador. - No clear differentiation between the different kinds of transgressions and the severity thereof was made. - When brands stopped endorsing brand ambassadors when their transgressions came to light it mostly had a positive impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand. - The Generation Y respondents, who are also more social media active than the other generations, were more forgiving and were not as easily influenced negatively by the brand ambassadors’ transgression. - Consumers are more brand-orientated than brand ambassador-orientated. It can be concluded that the use of brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns holds many advantages. It is imperative that brand ambassadors should be decided upon carefully, although a brand ambassador does not define the entire brand. Brand ambassador transgressions’ have a more important impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand ambassador than on the brand itself. Consumers also feel that transgressions should be punished and are positive towards brands which ended brand ambassador agreements after transgressions, indicating that certain standard values are applicable for at least three consecutive generations of South-Africans and should be taken into account when branding decisions are made. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The impact of brand ambassador transgression on brand perception is investigated in this study. To reach the goal of this research the impact brand ambassador transgression across different generational cohorts was measured. The essence of brand ambassadors in the new branding landscape was determined from literature. The new branding landscape as a whole was described to provide a context for the study and the impact and affect thereof on the different generations. The increasing popularity of using brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns due to their ability to increase brand awareness, create or strengthen brand image as well as to achieve brand differentiation was discussed in depth. The literature also focused on brand ambassador transgressions and the impact thereof on brand perception. Mini-case studies which focussed on Tiger Woods, Lance Armstrong, Oscar Pistorius, Wayne Rooney and Charlie Sheen were provided as basis for the empirical research. An empirical research study has been launched to determine how different generational cohorts (Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers) perceive values (both personal values and organisation brand values), brands and brand ambassadors as well as brand ambassador transgressions based on the provided case studies. The questionnaire was distributed to consumers in different generational cohorts. The results of the research indicated that: - There is no clear differentiation between the different generations’ perception on personal values. However, there was a greater amount of variance between the generations regarding their perceptions on brand values. - There is a definite difference between the different generational cohorts regarding perceptions regarding brand ambassadors. - The majority of the respondents stated that the mentioned brand ambassador transgressions did not negatively influence their perception of the brand, which was endorsed. Furthermore, the brand ambassador’s transgression did not cause the consumers to refrain from purchasing products which was endorsed by the specific brand ambassador. - No clear differentiation between the different kinds of transgressions and the severity thereof was made. - When brands stopped endorsing brand ambassadors when their transgressions came to light it mostly had a positive impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand. - The Generation Y respondents, who are also more social media active than the other generations, were more forgiving and were not as easily influenced negatively by the brand ambassadors’ transgression. - Consumers are more brand-orientated than brand ambassador-orientated. It can be concluded that the use of brand ambassadors in marketing campaigns holds many advantages. It is imperative that brand ambassadors should be decided upon carefully, although a brand ambassador does not define the entire brand. Brand ambassador transgressions’ have a more important impact on the consumers’ perception of the brand ambassador than on the brand itself. Consumers also feel that transgressions should be punished and are positive towards brands which ended brand ambassador agreements after transgressions, indicating that certain standard values are applicable for at least three consecutive generations of South-Africans and should be taken into account when branding decisions are made. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Due to competing claims in the literature regarding the relationship between self-esteem and being ‘looked-after’, and the implicated ethical and clinical issues, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. Ten articles met inclusion criteria for review. The majority of studies made a limited contribution to the review due to poor study quality, and the ethical, clinical and research implications of this are discussed. In addition, anecdotal evidence suggests that young people in care do not want to be made to feel different to others but there appears to be an absence of empirical research confirming this. Interviews were carried out with nine 12-16 year olds currently residing in foster care to explore their representations of ‘feeling the same or feeling different’. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) guided how data was analysed, and resulting super-ordinate themes were identified. The research paper reports on one of these themes: ‘difference’, which is explored through four sub-ordinate themes. These relate to participants not wanting others to know they were in care, feeling alienated due to their foster care status, perceiving that others viewed them differently and, at times, noticing differences themselves. Findings are considered in relation to the extant literature on foster care and identity development and practice and research implications are discussed. A second super-ordinate theme: ‘making sense’ is presented in the ‘extended results’ which is explored through five subordinate themes. Representations involved participants making sense of why their birth parents could not care for them, conflicting feelings towards both birth parents and foster parents, and a desire to feel a sense of agency in their lives.

Acquiring an infection during a hospital stay is a hazard for patients throughout the world. Over 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in hospital. Five to ten per cent of patients admitted to modern hospitals in developed countries acquire one or more infections, whereas patients in developing countries have a higher risk, around two to twenty times this figure. Paediatric patients, especially neonates and infants, have an additional risk of infection because of their compromised immune system. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors which contribute to the spread of infection among children in paediatric wards in a developed and a developing country: England and Thailand. Method: An ethnographic approach was utilised to identify practices which promote or prevent the spread of infection in each country. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit ten nurses in England and ten nurses in Thailand. Ethical approval was obtained from De Montfort University (DMU), National Research Ethics Service and the ethical approval committee in Thailand. Nonparticipant observations and semi-structured interviews were the main methods of obtaining data in clinical settings. Data from the observations and interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic content analysis. Results: Hospitals in Thailand and England faced the same problems regarding attitudes, values and beliefs which contribute to infection control difficulties in children, particularly poor hand hygiene. Good attitudes and beliefs will promote good practice. Moreover, education and training can raise perceptions and promote good practice. However, in terms of different cultures and circumstances, the key factors explaining different implementations between the two countries are resources, lifestyle, and religion. Conclusion: Even within the same hospital, different backgrounds including education, cultures, policies and support result in different factors which impact on paediatric patients. Individuality and personal responsibility for infection control practice are the most significant factors influencing compliance with best practice.

A polimerização de monômeros vinílicos fotoiniciada por corantes foi estudada em diferentes meios (meio orgânico, ausência de solvente e meio hidrotrópico). A polimerização fotoiniciada do MMA pelo corante Vermelho Neutro na presença de trietilamina foi estudada com o objetivo de se determinar o mecanismo que leva à formação dos radicais iniciadores. Uma expressão para o rendimento de radicais livres foi deduzida a partir do mecanismo proposto, os valores experimentais para o equilíbrio e as constantes de reação para os estados fundamental, singlete e triplete do corante na presença de outras espécies e de trietilamina (co-iniciador) foram utilizadas para simular o comportamento do sistema de polimerização. A amina aromática 4-anisidina também foi utilizada como coiniciador. As cinéticas de fotopolimerização de monômeros multifuncionais foram acompanhadas com as técnicas de Fotocalorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (Foto-DSC) e Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier em Tempo Real (RT-FTIR). Os iniciadores utilizados foram os corantes safranina e tioxantona. Os co-iniciadores usados foram as aminas TEA, TEOHA e EDB. Todos os sistemas foram estudados na ausência de solvente. Filmes poliméricos foram preparados para verificar a absorção de clorofórmio mediante a técnica de gravimetria. Tal estudo avaliou a relação entre a densidade de entrecruzamento dos polímeros e o fotoiniciador utilizado. Copolímeros de ESS e MMA ou HEMA foram preparados em meio hidrotrópico por polimerização fotoiniciada utilizando o corante catiônico safranina. A concentração de ESS utilizada foi de 0,5 M, pois nessa concentração há a formação de agregados de ESS, caracterizando o meio como hidrotrópico. As polimerizações dos monômeros MMA (hidrofóbico) e HEMA (hidrofílico) apresentaram comportamentos distintos frente ao meio hidrotrópico. / The photoinitiation of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate by the dye neutral red in the presence of thiethylamine was studied in order to determine the mechanism that leads to the formation of the initiating radicals. An expression for the yield of free radicals was deduced from the mechanism, and the experimental values for the equilibrium and reaction constants of the ground, singlet and triplet states of the dye in the presence of the other components of the formulation, were used to calculat the behaviour of the system when varying the concentration of the co-initiator triethylamine. The observed dependence fits closely the global polymerization rates obtained directly from polymerization kinetics studied by dilatometry. The amine 4-anisidine has also been used as co-initiator. The photoinitiated polymerization of multifunctional monomers was followed by real time infrared spectroscopy (RTIR) and by photo differential scanning calorimeter (Photo- DSC). Several parameters influence this kinetic such as temperature, photoinitiator concentration, light intensity, polymerizable function concentration, and material thickness. The initiators used in this study were the dyes safranine and thioxanthone. The co-initiators used were the amines TEA, TEOHA and EDB. The swelling of films of these copolymers were determined by chloroform absorption. A good inverse relationship was found between the swelling and the polymerization rates. Copolymers of styrenesulfonate and methyl methacrylate, or hydroxyethyl methacrylate, were prepared by photoinitiation polymerization using the cationic dye Safranine in hydrotropic medium. The reactions were be carried out at Stys concentrations higher than the MHC (minimum hydrotrope concentration) where the monomer forms aggregates.

<p>This essay is about the engineer platoon. The engineer platoon has many different tasks and from my own experience sometimes too many. The platoon is able to build bridges, clear mines and to perform all kinds of construction work in rural or in urban terrain.</p><p>In this case study I compare goals/demands for the battalion to goal’s set up for the company and finally what effects this has on the engineer platoons abilities. The main question is, if the engineer platoon really can solve all tasks given to them in the document TOEM? Abilities such as effect, protection and movement are the bearing parts of the case study.</p><p>The materials I have analyzed are mostly from documents published by The Swedish Armed Forces. The most important document is TOEM, where all demands are presented for the Combat-Support engineer battalion 2009. The essay also discusses why different priorities are made and what effects will be the result in the long term. After reading this essay you will come to find out that engineers sometimes have too many tasks to solve.</p>

This essay is about the engineer platoon. The engineer platoon has many different tasks and from my own experience sometimes too many. The platoon is able to build bridges, clear mines and to perform all kinds of construction work in rural or in urban terrain. In this case study I compare goals/demands for the battalion to goal’s set up for the company and finally what effects this has on the engineer platoons abilities. The main question is, if the engineer platoon really can solve all tasks given to them in the document TOEM? Abilities such as effect, protection and movement are the bearing parts of the case study. The materials I have analyzed are mostly from documents published by The Swedish Armed Forces. The most important document is TOEM, where all demands are presented for the Combat-Support engineer battalion 2009. The essay also discusses why different priorities are made and what effects will be the result in the long term. After reading this essay you will come to find out that engineers sometimes have too many tasks to solve.

This study builds on the paper by Arquette, Brown, and Burdekin (2008) and asks whether the factors which they find to be significant in influencing the differential between the share prices of Chinese securities traded on their home market in Shanghai versus share prices observed offshore in Hong Kong and New York have varying degrees of influence when compared across industries. This paper focuses on Chinese companies listed on both the Shanghai and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges and finds that the proxy variables of expected exchange rate change, relative market sentiment, and relative company sentiment are significant in determining the average discount observed and that their effects do indeed vary significantly from industry to industry.