The current economic climate presents many challenges to advertisers. In 2009, advertising spending in the United States dropped 12.3 percent, forcing advertisers to focus on campaigns that prove a quick return on investment. As average time spent online continues to increases, so is the Internet’s contribution to society and the economy. Advertising budgets are being shifted online to reflect the growing importance of the Internet, and much of these budgets are being spent using advertising networks. These networks act as the intermediaries between advertisers and Web publishers and make online advertising accessible and affordable for small and large budgets alike. This paper explores the current state of Internet advertising with a close focus on advertising networks. The goal of this paper is to educate on the basics of online advertising and how to navigate the advertising network industry, so even an advertising novice can utilize their numerous benefits. / text

La transformación digital, el cambio de la memoria cultural e individual y el cambio de lo social a lo individual han impactado en la forma de comunicación de las organizaciones. Estos factores han impulsado a que las empresas de distintos mercados opten por renovar su imagen. La proyección de su imagen es fundamental porque está vinculada con la posición de la empresa dentro del mercado en el que se desarrolla. Es ahí cuando surge la idea de sintetizar sus logotipos; de modo que no se pierde la información que quieren transmitirle a sus clientes. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo se busca analizar la aplicación de la síntesis o minimalismo gráfico en logotipos como herramienta de construcción de marca en personas de 25 a 35 años de Lima Metropolitana. Se realizará una metodología cualitativa enfocado en el proceso empleado para el desarrollo del nuevo logotipo de Bembos. / The digital transformation, the change of cultural and individual memory and the change from the social to the individual have impacted on the way organizations communicate. These factors have prompted companies in different markets to choose to renew their image. That's when the idea of synthesizing their logos arises; so that the information they want to transmit to their customers is not lost. For this reason, this paper seeks to analyze the application of graphic synthesis or minimalism in logos as a brand building tool in people aged 25 to 35 in Metropolitan Lima. A qualitative methodology focused on the process used for the development of the new Bembos logo was carried out. / Trabajo de investigación

A presente tese tem por objeto de estudo a construção do discurso publicitário da era digital sob a ótica da Retórica Clássica e da Nova Retórica em sinergia com construtos teóricos da Linguística Aplicada e com a Semiótica peirceana e teoria bakhtiniana. Esta investigação tem como corpora exemplares dos portais de notícias online dos jornais Estado de São Paulo, Folha de São Paulo e O Globo, além de páginas de sites correlatos ao assunto investigado. O cenário discursivo analisado são as eleições municipais de 2012 à prefeitura de São Paulo, durante o período do segundo turno disputado entre Fernando Haddad do PT e José Serra do PSDB. Levando em consideração este contexto, o estudo objetivou elucidar as características dos gêneros emergentes do meio digital empregados na construção do discurso publicitário, suas características multimodais, dispositivos semióticos harmonizados e as estratégias argumentativas articuladas em prol da construção do éthos de ambos os candidatos na busca da adesão dos espíritos do eleitorado. Para percorrer este caminho, os saberes clássicos aristotélicos e as reflexões contemporâneas de Perelman, Peirce e Bakhtin foram de extrema relevância, resultando na compreensão e interpretação dos fenômenos discursivos contemplados, transcendendo o labor meramente taxonômico rumo à compreensão das experiências colaterais que fundamentam a construção de sentido proveniente das relações dialógicas entre os elementos enunciativos e, por fim, revelando os aspectos ideológicos e sociais contidos na trilogia retórica da atividade discursiva investigada. A metodologia construída ao longo deste trabalho foi desenvolvida a partir de diferentes procedimentos fundamentados no arsenal teórico estudado e nas necessidades interpretativas iminentes, na medida em que as abduções despontavam, tinha início um processo constante de deduções e induções. Um movimento contínuo entre os juízos analíticos e o sintético a priori e a posteriori, ou seja, um processo ensaístico em estado evolutivo permanente na busca pelo sentido, ou pelo que Peirce denominava como retórica ou metodêutica o estudo da transferência de informação e dos métodos de pesquisa a serviço da busca pela Verdade. / The following thesis seeks to analyze the construction of the discourse of the advertising used in the digital age. The discourse is built on Classic and New Rhetoric, in conjunction with theoretical constructs of Applied Linguistics and Peirces Semiotic and Bakhtinian theory. The study draws on online news portals of O Estado de São Paulo, Folha de São Paulo and O Globo, as corpora in addition to pages of sites considered pertinent to the subject under investigation. The research context is the second round of 2012 São Paulo municipal elections between candidates Fernando Haddad of the Worker´s Party (in portuguese, PT) and José Serra of the Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB). With that in mind, the study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of emerging genres of digital media employed in the construction of advertising discourse, its multimodal characteristics, harmonized semiotic devices and the argumentative strategies articulated in favor of the construction of the ethos instilled by both candidates to win the heart of faithful constituents. The classic Aristotelian precepts and the contemporary reflections of Perelman, Peirce and Bakhtin were extremely relevant, resulting in the understanding and interpretation of the contemplated discursive phenomena, transcending the basic taxonomic study towards an understanding of collateral experiences that underlie the construction of meaning emanated from the dialogical relations between the enunciative elements, revealing the ideological and social aspects contained in the rhetoric trilogy of the discursive activity investigated. The methodology generated in the course of the thesis developed from different procedures based on the desired theoretical framework and its imminent interpretative requirements. A constant process of deduction and induction was set in motion as abductions became evident. This resulted in a continuous movement between pre- and post- analytical and synthetic judgment, in other words, in an essay-like process in permanent evolutionary state in search of meaning, or what Peirce referred to as rhetoric or methodeutic, the study of the transfer of information and research methods at the service of the search for the Truth.

A presente tese tem por objeto de estudo a construção do discurso publicitário da era digital sob a ótica da Retórica Clássica e da Nova Retórica em sinergia com construtos teóricos da Linguística Aplicada e com a Semiótica peirceana e teoria bakhtiniana. Esta investigação tem como corpora exemplares dos portais de notícias online dos jornais Estado de São Paulo, Folha de São Paulo e O Globo, além de páginas de sites correlatos ao assunto investigado. O cenário discursivo analisado são as eleições municipais de 2012 à prefeitura de São Paulo, durante o período do segundo turno disputado entre Fernando Haddad do PT e José Serra do PSDB. Levando em consideração este contexto, o estudo objetivou elucidar as características dos gêneros emergentes do meio digital empregados na construção do discurso publicitário, suas características multimodais, dispositivos semióticos harmonizados e as estratégias argumentativas articuladas em prol da construção do éthos de ambos os candidatos na busca da adesão dos espíritos do eleitorado. Para percorrer este caminho, os saberes clássicos aristotélicos e as reflexões contemporâneas de Perelman, Peirce e Bakhtin foram de extrema relevância, resultando na compreensão e interpretação dos fenômenos discursivos contemplados, transcendendo o labor meramente taxonômico rumo à compreensão das experiências colaterais que fundamentam a construção de sentido proveniente das relações dialógicas entre os elementos enunciativos e, por fim, revelando os aspectos ideológicos e sociais contidos na trilogia retórica da atividade discursiva investigada. A metodologia construída ao longo deste trabalho foi desenvolvida a partir de diferentes procedimentos fundamentados no arsenal teórico estudado e nas necessidades interpretativas iminentes, na medida em que as abduções despontavam, tinha início um processo constante de deduções e induções. Um movimento contínuo entre os juízos analíticos e o sintético a priori e a posteriori, ou seja, um processo ensaístico em estado evolutivo permanente na busca pelo sentido, ou pelo que Peirce denominava como retórica ou metodêutica o estudo da transferência de informação e dos métodos de pesquisa a serviço da busca pela Verdade. / The following thesis seeks to analyze the construction of the discourse of the advertising used in the digital age. The discourse is built on Classic and New Rhetoric, in conjunction with theoretical constructs of Applied Linguistics and Peirces Semiotic and Bakhtinian theory. The study draws on online news portals of O Estado de São Paulo, Folha de São Paulo and O Globo, as corpora in addition to pages of sites considered pertinent to the subject under investigation. The research context is the second round of 2012 São Paulo municipal elections between candidates Fernando Haddad of the Worker´s Party (in portuguese, PT) and José Serra of the Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB). With that in mind, the study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of emerging genres of digital media employed in the construction of advertising discourse, its multimodal characteristics, harmonized semiotic devices and the argumentative strategies articulated in favor of the construction of the ethos instilled by both candidates to win the heart of faithful constituents. The classic Aristotelian precepts and the contemporary reflections of Perelman, Peirce and Bakhtin were extremely relevant, resulting in the understanding and interpretation of the contemplated discursive phenomena, transcending the basic taxonomic study towards an understanding of collateral experiences that underlie the construction of meaning emanated from the dialogical relations between the enunciative elements, revealing the ideological and social aspects contained in the rhetoric trilogy of the discursive activity investigated. The methodology generated in the course of the thesis developed from different procedures based on the desired theoretical framework and its imminent interpretative requirements. A constant process of deduction and induction was set in motion as abductions became evident. This resulted in a continuous movement between pre- and post- analytical and synthetic judgment, in other words, in an essay-like process in permanent evolutionary state in search of meaning, or what Peirce referred to as rhetoric or methodeutic, the study of the transfer of information and research methods at the service of the search for the Truth.

abstract: Total digital media advertising spending of $72.5 billion surpassed total television Ad spending of $71.3 billion for the first time ever in 2016. Approximately $39 billion, or 54% of the digital media advertising spend, involved pre-programmed software that purchased Ads on behalf of a buyer in Real-Time Bidding (RTB) settings. A major concern for Ad buyers is sub-optimal spending in RTB settings owing to biases in the attribution of customer conversions to Ad impressions. The purpose of this research is twofold. First, identify and propose a novel experimental design and analysis plan for to handling a previously unidentified and unaddressed source of endogeneity: count/quality simultaneity bias (CQB). Second, conduct a field study using data for Ad response rates, cost, and observed consumer behavior to solve for the profit maximizing daily Ad frequency per customer. One large online retailer provided data for Ad impressions, bid costs, response rates, revenue per visit, and operating costs for 153,561 unique users over 23 days. Unique visitors were randomly assigned to one of seven treatment groups with one, two, three, four, five, and six impressions per day limits as well as a final condition with no daily impression cap. Ordinary least square models (OLS) were fit to the data and a non-linear relationship between Ad impressions and site visits demonstrating declining marginal effect of Ad impression on site visits after an optimal point. The results of the field study confirmed the existence of negative CQB and demonstrated how my novel experimental design and analysis can reduce the negative bias in the estimate of impression quantity on customer response. Second, managers interested in improving the efficiency of advertising spend should restrict display advertising to only the highest quality inventory through specific site targeting and by leveraging direct buys and private marketplace deals. This strategy ensures that subsequent impressions are not of lower quality by restricting the pool of possible impressions from a homogenous set of high quality inventory. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2017

Because of the adaptation to technological and social changes, the advertising environment is constantly evolving and today the central part of online advertising is called Programmatic advertising. It’s an automated media buying technique that involves targeting individual consumers in real-time. However, previous research shows that high frequency is one of the most important issues within programmatic advertising and not all ads bought programmatically is in frame of a good frequency. Furthermore, theories indicate that frequency influences consumers’ attitudes towards advertising, which lead to our research question: “How does high frequency exposure affect consumers’ attitudes towards programmatic advertising?” The purpose of this research is therefore to get a deeper understanding of how highly frequent exposure of programmatic advertising affect consumers’ attitudes towards it. We found that Irritation, Invasiveness, Likeability of relevance and Recognition are terms examined in previous studies related to individually targeted advertising or frequently exposed advertising. In order to carry out an explanatory research, we measured these variables including frequency with a quantitative survey and made statistical calculations such as correlation and regression analyses to see if our hypotheses were supported. The analyses indicated average causal relationships between Frequency and Irritation as well as between Frequency and Likeability of relevance whereas the causal relationships between Frequency and the other two variables were weak. We concluded based on our study that highly frequent exposed programmatic advertising is affecting consumer attitudes both positively with relevance, and negatively causing irritation. However, the relevance that comes with programmatic advertising generates a stronger feeling of likeability than of irritation. / Annonsering utvecklas ständigt, främst genom anpassning till tekniska och sociala förändringar, och idag kallas den centrala delen av onlineannonsering för Programmatisk annonsering. Det är en automatiserad metod för att köpa individuellt riktade annonser i realtid. Tidigare forskning visar dock att hög frekvens är ett av de viktigaste problemen inom programmatisk annonsering. Vidare indikerar tidigare teorier att frekvens influerar konsumenters attityder gentemot annonsering vilket ledde fram till vår problemformulering: “Hur påverkar hög frekvens av programmatisk annonsering konsumenters attityder?”. Vårt syfte med uppsatsen var därmed att få en djupare förståelse för hur frekvent exponering av programmatisk annonsering påverkar konsumenters attityder mot det. Vi konstaterade att Irritation, Inkräktande, Relevans och Igenkännande är termer som är granskade i tidigare forskning relaterat till individuell riktning av annonsering eller frekvent annonsering. För att kunna genomföra en förklarande undersökning mätte vi dessa variabler samt Frekvens i ett kvantitativt frågeformulär och gjorde statistiska uträkningar som korrelation - och regressionsanalyser för att se om vi har stöd för våra hypoteser. Analyserna indikerade ett medelstarkt kausalt samband mellan Frekvens och Irritation samt mellan Frekvens och Relevans medan de kausala sambanden mellan Frekvens och de två andra variablerna var svagt. Baserat på vår studie kunde vi dra slutsatsen att frekvent exponering av programmatisk annonsering påverkar konsumenters attityder både positivt genom relevans och negativt genom skapandet av irritation. Relevansen som kommer med programmatisk annonsering genererade dock högre uppskattning än känslan av irritation.

El presente trabajo se centra en analizar el uso de la técnica del Newsjacking en Facebook para generar recordación en la marca Entel en el 2017 en el público millennial. El caso que se analizará es la campaña “Disculpas Ilimitadas” con “El Cóndor” Mendoza de Entel Perú lanzada a inicios del año 2017. El Newsjacking es una técnica muy usada por distintas marcas que hace uso de una noticia para conectar rápidamente con la audiencia consiguiendo una rápida interacción de los usuarios en las redes sociales. La importancia del desarrollo de la presente investigación se puede percibir en los aportes que tiene con respecto al uso de la técnica Newsjacking y la recordación de marca, ya que el caso de estudio no se basó en el uso de una noticia reciente, sino en un evento que sucedió en el 2005 y la campaña empleo la noticia 12 años después, convirtiéndose en una de las más exitosas en la historia de la marca. En primer lugar, la presente investigación tiene una gran relevancia en el ámbito publicitario, ya que se centra en estudiar la recordación de marca con el uso del Newsjacking. En segundo lugar, desde una perspectiva científica o académica, la relevancia se centra en que, a nivel nacional e internacional, las investigaciones son recientes. Existen investigaciones académicas sobre el uso de esta técnica relacionadas al marketing de contenido en redes sociales. Sin embargo, le otorgan un mayor enfoque al Real Time Marketing como una estrategia para lograr objetivos a corto plazo, ya que se hace uso de un evento reciente y la acción debe ser rápida mientras todavía esté en coyuntura. El objetivo es analizar cómo el uso del Newsjacking en Facebook genera recordación en la marca Entel en el año 2017 en millennials. Para esto, se empleó como metodología una investigación cualitativa utilizando como herramientas las entrevistas a profundidad debido a la coyuntura actual que atraviesa el país y el mundo por el Covid-19 y el decreto del Estado Peruano al ordenar cuarentena obligatoria a nivel nacional. Por ello, se considera más pertinente realizar entrevistas a profundidad. Por un lado, el público primario lo conforman millennials que hayan visualizado la campaña “Disculpas Ilimitadas” por Facebook en el año 2017. El público objetivo secundario lo conforman dos grupos: profesionales que trabajaron con la marca Entel en el 2017 y/o participaron en la realización de la campaña “Disculpas Ilimitadas”; asimismo, profesionales que trabajan en agencias digitales y/o con conocimientos sobre el Newsjacking. / This work focuses on analyzing the use of the Newsjacking technique on Facebook to generate remembrance of the Entel brand in 2017 among the millennial public. The case that will be analyzed is the campaign "Unlimited Apologies" with "El Cóndor" Mendoza from Entel Peru launched in early 2017. Newsjacking is a technique widely used by different brands that makes use of a news story to quickly connect with the audience achieving rapid user interaction on social networks. The importance of the development of this research can be seen in the contributions it has regarding the use of the Newsjacking technique and brand recall, since the case study was not based on the use of a recent news item, but on a event that happened in 2005 and the campaign used the news 12 years later, making it one of the most successful in the history of the brand. First of all, this research is highly relevant in the advertising field, as it focuses on studying brand awareness with the use of Newsjacking. Secondly, from a scientific or academic perspective, the relevance centers on the fact that, at the national and international level, the research is recent. There is academic research on the use of this technique related to content marketing on social networks. However, they give Real Time Marketing a greater focus as a strategy to achieve short-term goals, since a recent event is used and the action must be quick while it is still at the juncture. The objective is to analyze how the use of Newsjacking on Facebook generates recognition in the Entel brand in 2017 in millennials. For this, qualitative research was used as a methodology using in-depth interviews as tools due to the current situation that the country and the world are going through due to Covid-19 and the decree of the Peruvian State to order mandatory quarantine at the national level. For this reason, it is considered more pertinent to carry out in-depth interviews. On the one hand, the primary audience is made up of millennials who have viewed the campaign “Unlimited Apologies” on Facebook in 2017. The secondary target audience is made up of two groups: professionals who worked with the Entel brand in 2017 and / or participated in the realization of the campaign "Unlimited Apologies"; also, professionals who work in digital agencies and / or with knowledge about Newsjacking. / Trabajo de investigación

En un mundo tan globalizado como el de hoy no solo las marcas de productos o servicios buscan constantemente distinguirse dentro del mercado, el deseo de singularidad se extiende también a los territorios y de manera más específica a los países. Las administraciones de las distintas naciones desarrollan diferentes estrategias como parte de su gestión de imagen para lograr diferenciarse, fortalecer su identidad y a su vez atraer a nuevos individuos. Una de las herramientas más utilizadas para lograrlo es el place branding, con esta se busca la creación y el posicionamiento de una marca lugar. Esta se desarrolla con el objetivo de promocionar a un lugar específico tanto de manera externa como también interna. Si la marca país se ejecuta correctamente puede reflejar un crecimiento económico gracias a la exposición y promoción del turismo. Al mismo tiempo de manera interna se pueden buscar revalidar sentimientos de pertenencia, confianza, identidad y hasta nacionalismo generando así una conexión emocional con los habitantes de dicho país. Contando con la identidad como eje de la estrategia de identificación se puede asegurar una marca país consolidada por el respaldo interno de sus habitantes que más adelante validará su posicionamiento a los ojos de otros países. Por otro lado, las nuevas generaciones son más cambiantes y viven tanto en lo físico como en lo virtual obligando a las marcas país generar estrategias más versátiles y mucho mejor consolidadas. La presente investigación analizará el rol del place branding en la publicidad digital en Facebook para generar identificación con una marca país en jóvenes peruanos de 18 a 24 años durante el 2020 con un análisis de caso de Marca Perú. / In a world as globalized as today, it is not only product or service brands that constantly seek to distinguish themselves within the market, the desire for uniqueness also extends to the territories and more specifically to the countries. The administrations of the different nations use different strategies as part of their image management to achieve differentiation, strengthen their identity and in consequence attract new individuals. One of the most used tools to achieve this is the place branding strategy for the creation and positioning of a place brand. This is developed with the aim of promoting a specific place both externally and internally. If the country brand is properly developed, it can experience economic growth thanks to the exhibition and promotion of tourism. At the same time, internally, one can seek to revalidate feelings of belonging, trust, identity and nationalism, generating an emotional connection with the population of that country. Having the identity as the axis of the strategy for identification can guarantee a country brand consolidation as a result of the internal support of its populations that will later validate its position in the eyes of other countries. On the other hand, the new generations are more changing and live both physically and virtually, forcing country brands to generate more versatile and much better consolidated strategies. This research will analyze the role of place branding in digital advertising of Facebook to generate identification in young peruvians from 18 to 24 years old with a country brand in young during 2020 with a case study of “Marca Perú”. / Trabajo de investigación

No / Mobile television environments offer the potential for the repurposing of media content and services, and also the introduction of new forms of commercial advertising which are more accurately targeted towards a user’s profile, as per an advertiser’s requirements. This modality can include non-commercial information provision. The Google model for linking search terms and keywords to advertisements demonstrates that ‘intelligent’, context-aware, targeted advertisements are more responsive to user profiles. Advertiser practices such as product placement need re-examination in this context. Prototype mobile TV interfaces, as alternatives to the well-established TV model of viewing content, are presented, in order to evaluate the relationship between television content and mobile devices and to understand the key factors determining possible directions, for the future of mobile television. Changes need to be made to content display, interaction paradigms and device parameters, as social and cultural expectations are re-negotiated.

La presente tesis está enfocada en el estudio de los efectos de la publicidad emergente generada por Youtube, en la actitud de los Millennials. La investigación pretende rescatar información útil de la situación actual de la publicidad emergente y su comportamiento frente a los Millennials. Es importante resaltar que se abacaran temas como los antecendetes de la publicidad digital, tipos de publicidad emergente, las redes sociales, las características principales de la generación millennial y el concepto de la red social en cuestión, Youtube y su evolución a nivel mundial. Por otro lado, la presente investigación mostrará estadísticas y resultados de empresas que han invertido en publicidad emergente y que tan eficaz ha sido el efecto en las actitudes de los Millennials. Hoy en día, muchas empresas se encuentran invirtiendo en publicidad emergente debido al bajo costo que implica para éstas, y la frecuencia de repetición de la publicidad para el usuario de Youtube. Sin embargo ¿Cómo podemos saber qué tan eficaz es este tipo de publicidad y cómo influye en las actitudes de los Millennials? En la presente tesis se analizará en profundidad el tema en mención, mediante la teoría, análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. Por consecuencia, las respuestas a los objetivos planteados en el presente estudio, contribuirá a las empresas para que puedan invertir eficazmente en Youtube y ser mucho más rentables. / This thesis is focused on the study of the effects of the emerging publicity generated by Youtube, in the attitude of the Millennials. The research aims to rescue useful information from the current situation of emerging advertising and its behavior against the Millennials. It is important to highlight that it will cover topics such as the antecedents of digital advertising, types of emerging advertising, social networks, the main characteristics of the Millennials generation and the concept of the social network in question, Youtube and its evolution worldwide. On the other hand, this research will show statistics and results of companies that have invested in emerging advertising and how effective the effect on Millennials' attitudes has been. Nowadays, many companies are investing in emerging advertising due to the low costs it means for them, and the frequency of repetition of advertising for the Youtube user. However, how can we know how effective this type of advertising is and how it influences the attitudes of Millennials? In the present thesis will be analyzed in depth the subject in question, through theory, qualitative and quantitative analysis. Consequently, the answers to the objectives set out in this study, will contribute to the companies so that they can invest effectively in Youtube and be much more profitable. / Tesis