Off-highway vehicles are on the verge of switching from analog to digital video camera technology (VCT), which offers better video quality and new features but adds complexity to the system. This thesis project aims to implement the digital VCT to the display computer CCpilot VA intended for off-highway vehicles. In this project the differences between analog and digital VCTs were reviewed and then a demo displaying a live digital camera video feed on the embedded Linux based display computer CCpilot VA was implemented with Qt and QML. More specifically, different GStreamer pipelines were tested, as Qt uses GStreamer to play video, and camera settings were changed using the ISO 17215 standard.  The demo displayed a live digital camera video feed with high quality, low latency and high frame rate on the VA by using a GStreamer pipeline utilizing hardware decoding. The results have shown that digital video cameras perform better than analog cameras, primarily because digital cameras have better video quality. The attempts to simultaneously display a video feed and a Graphical User Interface created by Qt have been made. However, they were only successful with poor video performance. A zero-copy link between the GStreamer pipeline’s decoder and sink element must be used to obtain good video performance.

<p>The use of spectrophotometers for color measurements on printed substrates is widely spread among paper producers as well as within the printing industry. Spectrophotometer measurements are precise, but time-consuming procedures and faster methods are desirable. Previously presented work on color calibration of flatbed scanners has shown that they can be used for fast color measurements with acceptable results. Furthermore, the rapid development of digital cameras has made it possible to transfer the methods to a camera-based system, and in this work a moderately priced consumer digital camera is used for color measurements. </p><p>Earlier presented methods for color calibration have been implemented in the camera-based system and new modifications that can improve their performance are proposed. Moreover, if the spectral sensitivities of the color filters in the camera sensor can be characterized, this can further improve the performance of the color measurements. Two methods for characterization of the color filters are presented in this work together with methods that use the camera characteristics for color measurements. </p><p>The findings of this work show that a consumer digital camera can be used as a fast and inexpensive alternative to spectrophotometers for color measurements on printed substrates.</p>

The Along-Track Reef-Imaging System (ATRIS) is a vessel-mounted, digital camera, depth sounder and Global Positioning System (GPS) package that facilitates the rapid capture of underwater images in shallow-water benthic environments. This technology has the potential to collect ecologically significant data, particularly in benthic habitats less than 10 m in depth, with better location referencing and in less time than is required for surveys carried out by Scuba divers. In October 2004, ATRIS was tested coincidently with SCUBA-assisted video along transects on five patch reefs in Biscayne National Park. Images from both data sets were subsampled, viewed, and benthic cover under random points were identified and counted. Digital-still images of reef benthos collected by ATRIS were of higher quality than SCUBA-acquired video imagery, allowing more reliable classification of benthos. “Substrate”, which included areas of hard-ground, sand or rubble, was the most frequently identified benthic category (43%), followed by octocoral (21%), unidentifiable (19%), and macroalgae (12%). Total stony coral cover averaged less than 5%. ATRIS-acquired benthic-cover data were compared with rugosity data derived from the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), revealing no strong correlations, probably because much of the hard substrate patch reef topography was created by corals that have died in the past few decades. ATRIS, diver-acquired data, and EAARL provide different scales of information, all of which can be valuable tools for assessing and managing coral reefs.

Typical consumer digital cameras capture the scene by generating a mosaic-like grayscale image, known as a color filter array (CFA) image. One obvious challenge in digital photography is the storage of image, which requires the development of an efficient compression solution. This issue has become more significant due to a growing demand for high dynamic range (HDR) imaging technology, which requires increased bandwidth to allow realistic presentation of visual scene. This thesis proposes two digital camera pipelines, efficiently encoding CFA image data represented in HDR format. Firstly, a lossless compression scheme exploiting a predictive coding followed by a JPEG XR encoding module is introduced. It achieves efficient data reduction without loss of quality. Secondly, a lossy compression scheme that consists of a series of processing operations and a JPEG XR encoding module is introduced. Performance evaluation indicates that the proposed method delivers high quality images at low computational costs.

Typical consumer digital cameras capture the scene by generating a mosaic-like grayscale image, known as a color filter array (CFA) image. One obvious challenge in digital photography is the storage of image, which requires the development of an efficient compression solution. This issue has become more significant due to a growing demand for high dynamic range (HDR) imaging technology, which requires increased bandwidth to allow realistic presentation of visual scene. This thesis proposes two digital camera pipelines, efficiently encoding CFA image data represented in HDR format. Firstly, a lossless compression scheme exploiting a predictive coding followed by a JPEG XR encoding module is introduced. It achieves efficient data reduction without loss of quality. Secondly, a lossy compression scheme that consists of a series of processing operations and a JPEG XR encoding module is introduced. Performance evaluation indicates that the proposed method delivers high quality images at low computational costs.

The use of spectrophotometers for color measurements on printed substrates is widely spread among paper producers as well as within the printing industry. Spectrophotometer measurements are precise, but time-consuming procedures and faster methods are desirable. Previously presented work on color calibration of flatbed scanners has shown that they can be used for fast color measurements with acceptable results. Furthermore, the rapid development of digital cameras has made it possible to transfer the methods to a camera-based system, and in this work a moderately priced consumer digital camera is used for color measurements. Earlier presented methods for color calibration have been implemented in the camera-based system and new modifications that can improve their performance are proposed. Moreover, if the spectral sensitivities of the color filters in the camera sensor can be characterized, this can further improve the performance of the color measurements. Two methods for characterization of the color filters are presented in this work together with methods that use the camera characteristics for color measurements. The findings of this work show that a consumer digital camera can be used as a fast and inexpensive alternative to spectrophotometers for color measurements on printed substrates.

The aim of master thesis was to investigate a simple camera and processor Atmel AVR unit implementation. Thesis describes how to get image from C3088 module and management over the bank of camera registers. Work includes limitation draft for this way of processing the information. Thesis also solves an exemplary model for object recognition using this implementation.

No description available.

Nos últimos anos, acompanhar o desenvolvimento de uma cultura tem se tornado cada vez mais imprescindível para a tomada de decisões. Sistemas aéreos remotamente pilotados são muito promissores em aplicações de monitoramento. Sua flexibilidade, facilidade de operação e construção relativamente barata os tornam os melhores candidatos para monitorar atividades na agricultura de precisão, onde as reações imediatas de manejo às doenças das plantas, à falta de nutrientes das plantas e às mudanças ambientais são o ponto focal para eficiência e produtividade das plantações. No entanto, no Brasil a utilização desta tecnologia ainda é limitada e o número de publicações científicas sobre o assunto é escasso. No caso específico da cana-de-açúcar, a utilização de aeronave remotamente pilotada (RPA) é bastante promissora e publicações científicas internacionais são limitadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a potencialidade de imagens obtidas a partir de câmeras com diferentes bandas espectrais embarcadas em RPA para obtenção de modelos tridimensionais para estimativa de altura, produtividade e variabilidade espacial. As coletas foram realizadas ao longo da safra 2014/2015, durante o período de um ano. Foi utilizada uma aeronave remotamente pilotada equipada com uma câmera digital com sensibilidade na região espectral do visível (RGB) e outra na região espectral do infravermelho próximo (IVP) sincronizadas com um sistema de navegação global por satélite (GNSS). Este sistema possibilitou a aquisição de imagens com altíssima resolução (3 cm pixel-1) e permitiu a geração de orto-mosaicos e modelos digitais de superfícies (MDS) através de métodos de reconstrução automática em 3D, ajustados por pontos de controle em solo. O RPA seguiu um plano de voo pré-determinado sobre o local do estudo para garantir a aquisição de imagens com cruzamento e sobreposição superior a 90%. O método de validação foi conduzido a partir das medidas de altura obtidas a campo com o auxílio de régua topográfica. Após o processamento das imagens aéreas foi possível a identificação das áreas com ausência de fechamento de dossel, observando também a relação desses locais com o baixo desenvolvimento da altura das plantas ao longo de seu ciclo. A regressão entre os valores da estimativa de altura obtidas com as simulações apresentou erro relativo inferior a 13%, já a estimativa da produtividade apresentou erro na faixa de 6%. A estimativa de altura e produtividade demonstram o alto potencial para o monitoramento e avaliação de talhões de cana-de-açúcar, podendo ser uma ferramenta utilizada no apoio a gestão destas áreas. / In the last few years, monitoring the development of a culture has become increasingly imperative for decision-making. Remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPA) are very promising in monitoring applications. Their flexibility, ease of operation, and relatively inexpensive construction make them the best candidates to monitor precision farming activities where immediate management responses to plant diseases, lack of plant nutrients, and environmental changes are the focal point for efficiency And productivity of plantations. However in Brazil the use of this technology is still limited and the number of scientific publications on the subject is scarce. In the specific case of sugarcane the use of RPA is very promising and international scientific publications are limited. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potentiality of images obtained from cameras with different spectral bands embedded in RPA to obtain three - dimensional models for estimation of height, productivity and spatial variability. The collections were carried out during the 2014/2015 harvest, during a period of one year, using a remotely piloted aircraft equipped with a digital camera with sensitivity in the visible spectral region (RGB) and another in the near infrared spectral region (NIR) Synchronized with a GNSS. This system allowed the acquisition of images with very high resolution (3 cm pixel-1) allowing the generation of ortho-mosaics and digital surface models (DSM), through automatic 3D reconstruction methods adjusted by control points in soil. The RPA followed a pre-determined flight plan on the study site to ensure cross-over and overlapping acquisition of over 90%. The validation method was carried out from the height measurements obtained in the field with the aid of topography. After the aerial images processing, it was possible to identify the areas of crop failure, also observing the relation of these locations with the low development of plant height throughout its cycle. The regression between the values of the height estimation obtained with the simulations resulted in a relative error of less than 13%. The results obtained demonstrate the high potential of this technique for monitoring and evaluation of sugarcane fields, and can be a tool used to support the management of these areas.

Nesta dissertação, a observação do céu noturno utilizando como instrumento câmeras fotográficas comuns, sem qualquer pretensão profissional, adquire uma dimensão importante como instrumento de apoio ao Ensino de Astronomia, permitindo que estudantes de escolas públicas, ou qualquer pessoa interessada em aprender astronomia, tenha fácil acesso, uma vez que instrumentos óticos como telescópios, são acessíveis a bem poucos. Sob este ponto de vista, é vital oferecer aos estudantes da escola básica e a toda e qualquer pessoa interessada em ciências, oportunidade de participarem de atividades didáticas através da fotografia do céu noturno, resgatando assim o hábito latente de olhar para céu, esquecido pelas novas gerações, vítimas da poluição atmosférica e luminosa, fruto de nossa tecnologia mal dimensionada. O objetivo é incentivar o interesse pela astronomia, estabelecendo um contato sistemático deles com o céu noturno, despertando em cada um a questão fundamental: qual posição ocupamos no contexto do Universo. Este trabalho se preocupa principalmente em proporcionar estratégias acessíveis para fotografar o Céu e de como tratar sobre propostas didáticas para a Fotografia do Céu, utilizando equipamentos simples. Nosso objeto de estudo partiu de uma análise dos conteúdos de astronomia presentes na grade de Ensino Médio das escolas administradas pelo Centro Paula Souza, vinculados aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Essa avaliação se apoiou em dois pontos de vista. No primeiro a análise se deu a partir dos conteúdos de astronomia presentes nos livros didáticos adotados pelas escolas para o triênio 2018/2019/2020, alinhados com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e a grade do ensino médio nas escolas técnicas. O segundo ponto de vista se deu através de uma pesquisa on-line com os estudantes dessas escolas, avaliando o percentual desses conteúdos a que eles efetivamente tiveram contato. Para subsidiar a análise desses percentuais, executamos um estudo sobre o conteúdo de Astronomia, na qual foram elencadas cinco questões, ligadas à proposição de temas abordados pelos professores das disciplinas que contém o tema Astronomia História da Astronomia; Sistema Solar; Estações Climáticas; Sistema Terra-Lua-Sol e Constelações do Hemisfério Sul. Os resultados mostram que, apesar da coerência entre os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e a grade do ensino médio analisados, um percentual significativo de estudantes disseram não terem tido contato com um ou mais temas. A pesquisa serviu como norteadora da necessidade de elaboração e da aplicação de um material didático composto por atividades e oficinas que, utilizando a fotografia do céu noturno, a experimentação e construção de materiais didáticos, atuou como catalizador do aprendizado, reforçando esses conteúdos, utilizando as muitas formas de abordar os conceitos contidos no ensino médio, estimulando os estudantes e até mesmo professores a refletir sobre como nos relacionamos e aprendemos sobre o Universo. / In this work, the observation of the Night Sky using common photographic cameras as instrument, without any professional pretension, acquires an important dimension as a support tool for Astronomy Teaching, allowing students from public schools, or anyone interested in learning astronomy, to have easy access, since optical instruments such as telescopes are accessible to very few people. Under this point of view, it is vital to offer to students of elementary school, and to anybody interested in sciences, the opportunity to participate in didactic activities through photographs of the Night Sky, recovering therefore the habit of looking at the sky, forgotten by the new generations, victims of the atmospheric and luminous pollution, fruit of our ill-directed technology. The goal is to rise the interest for astronomy, establishing a systematic contact with the Night Sky, waking up in each one the fundamental question: which position do we occupy in the context of the Universe? This work concerns mainly in providing accessible strategies to photograph the sky and how do we deal on didactic proposals Sky photographs using simple equipment. Our object of study was based on an analysis of the astronomy contents present in the regular high-school curriculum of the schools administered by the Paula Souza Center, linked to the National Curricular Parameters. This assessment was based on two points of view. In the first one the analysis was based on the astronomy contents present in the textbooks adopted by the schools for the triennium 2018/2019/2020, aligned with the National Curricular Parameters and the high school curriculum in the technical schools. The second point of view was through an online survey with the students of these schools, evaluating the percentage of these contents to which they actually had contact. In order to subsidize the analysis of these percentages, we performed a study on the Astronomy contents, in which five issues were listed, related to the proposal of topics addressed by the teachers of the disciplines that contains the theme Astronomy - \"History of Astronomy\"; \"Solar system\"; \"Climatic seasons\"; \"Sun-Earth-Moon System\" and \"Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere\". The results show that, despite the consistency between the National Curriculum Parameters and the high school curriculum analyzed, a significant percentage of students said they did not have contact with one or more subjects. The research served as a guideline for the need to elaborate and apply a didactic material composed of activities and workshops that, using Night Sky photography, experimentation and construction of didactic materials, acted as a catalyst for learning, reinforcing these contents, using many ways to approach the concepts contained in high school, encouraging students and even teachers to reflect on how we relate and learn about the Universe.