Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Computer Science, 2009. / "May, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 11/18/2009) Advisor, Kathy J. Liszka; Faculty Readers, Timothy W. O'Neil, Tim Margush; Department Chair, Wolfgang Pelz; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:24:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:30:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000853211.pdf: 1398658 bytes, checksum: c344bd138e41aaee8de5f99ea0007ff7 (MD5) / O setor florestal tem uma grande importância para a economia brasileira, sendo este, fornecedor de matéria-prima para uso em reflorestamento de áreas degradadas assim como para indústrias como de papel e celulose, carvão, moveleira, entre outras. No entanto para obtenção de bons resultados é necessária a utilização de mudas florestais sadias e livres de doenças. A mancha bacteriana do eucalipto e a mancha causada por Cylindrocladium são duas doenças muito comuns em viveiros e, embora os agentes etiológicos sejam diferentes, seus sintomas são bem parecidos, podendo causar dúvidas em um momento de diagnose. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver uma rede neural artificial (RNA) que seja capaz de classificar as duas doenças citadas utilizando imagens digitais. Imagens de ambas doenças foram processadas, utilizando a técnica de limiarização a fim de remover o fundo da imagem, e utilizados seus histogramas para treinamento de uma RNA do tipo perceptron multicamadas com algoritmo backpropagation. Foram realizados dez ensaios com cinco topologias diferentes, sendo elas com 34, 128, 248, 368 e 511 neurônios na camada intermediária. Todas as topologias atingiram em média 95% de acertos, sendo considerada a mais adequada aquela que possuía 256 neurônios. / The forest sector has great importance for the Brazilian economy, whose, is raw materials supplier for reforestation of degraded areas as well as for industries like pulp and paper, coal, furniture, among others. However to achieve good results is necessary to use healthy forest seedlings. Bacterial stain of the eucalyptus and the stain caused by Cylindrocladium are two common diseases in nurseries and although the etiologic agents are different, their symptoms are similar, and may cause doubts in a diagnosis moment. The aim of this study was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify the two cited diseases using digital images. Images of both diseases were processed using a threshold technique to remove the image background, and their histograms were used to training a multilayer perceptron ANN with backpropagation algorithm. Ten essays with five different topologies ( 34, 128, 248, 368 and 511 neurons in the hidden layer) were carried out. All topologies reached on average 95% of correct classifications. The topology with 256 neurons in hidden layer was considered the most suitable one for this project

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-10-07Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:20:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000795916.pdf: 3307453 bytes, checksum: f4acdf669e3aaa965609b2d600a6fa5a (MD5) / Nesta dissertação é discutido o desenvolvimento e a implementação de uma técnica de medida de deslocamentos utilizando uma única câmera digital, cujo foco principal é a medição de movimento e vibrações estruturais. A proposta é uma técnica de medição de não contato que tem como base a variação da posição dos pixels de um alvo ou conjunto de alvos (pontos de medições) na sequência de imagens do vídeo utilizado para capturar o movimento do alvo ou conjunto de alvos na cena. Os conceitos e o embasamento teórico são apresentados, envolvendo uma discussão de como se dá a formação e obtenção de imagens digitais, a definição e obtenção dos parâmetros intrínsecos da câmera, bem como as técnicas de processamento de imagens utilizadas para a identificação do alvo na cena. A identificação dos alvos é feita a partir da utilização de várias ferramentas de análise e processamento de imagens, dentre elas, separação de cores, detecção de bordas, thresholding, erosão e dilatação. O movimento do alvo na sequência de imagens é rastreado em termos de pixels e posteriormente é feita a conversão para unidade de medida utilizando a relação unidade de medida/pixel obtida através de um processo de calibração. A avaliação e validação da proposta foram feitas através de testes experimentais, envolvendo tanto medidas estáticas como dinâmicas. Numa etapa final, a técnica foi utilizada para a análise de vibração de um prédio em escala reduzida, mais especificamente, a análise modal com base apenas na resposta da estrutura. Os resultados e análises realizadas mostraram que a metodologia implementada com base na utilização de uma única câmera se mostrou como uma proposta com alto potencial de aplicação como ferramenta de medição de não-contato, relativamente simples e efetiva / In this work is discussed the development and implementation of a technique for measuring of displacements using a single digital camera, whose main focus is the measurement of structural motion and vibrations. The proposal is a non-contact measurement technique, which is based on the variation of the position of the pixels of the target measuring points in the sequence of images of a video used to capture the movement of the target points in the scene. The concepts and theoretical background are presented, involving a discussion concerning to the formation and obtaining of digital images, definition and obtaining of intrinsic parameters of the camera, as well as the image processing techniques used to identify the measuring target points in the scene. The identification of the targets is made from the use of different analysis and image processing tools such as, color separation, edge detection, thresholdding, erosion and dilation used in a complementary way. The movement of the target points in the sequence of image is tracked in terms of pixels and then they are converted in measurement unit using the ratio measurement unit/pixel obtained by a calibration process. The evaluation and validation of the proposal were made through experimental tests, involving both static and dynamic measurements. At a final stage, the technique was used to vibration analyze of a reduced scale building structure, more specifically, the output-only modal analysis of the structure. The results and analyzes showed that the methodology implemented based on the use of a unique camera provided to be a proposal with high application potential as a non-contact measurement tool, relatively simple and effective

Submitted by PIETRO CARELLI REIS DE OLIVEIRA CALTABIANO null (pietrocarelli@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-10T01:33:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caltabiano_Pietro_Tese_2016.pdf: 23652706 bytes, checksum: 3e2ad76601dc03b6f3704911772a5005 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-12T19:31:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 caltabiano_pcro_dr_guara.pdf: 23652706 bytes, checksum: 3e2ad76601dc03b6f3704911772a5005 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T19:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 caltabiano_pcro_dr_guara.pdf: 23652706 bytes, checksum: 3e2ad76601dc03b6f3704911772a5005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Ferramentas de processamento e análise digital de imagens foram desenvolvidas com a finalidade de avaliar a evolução da textura morfológica e cristalográfica da microestrutura da liga de alumínio 7075 sob diferentes níveis de deformação plástica por compressão uniaxial. Amostras da liga de alumínio 7075-T6 passaram por um processo de recozimento pleno seguido de um estágio de compressão uniaxial, obtendo níveis de deformações entre 25 e 65%. As microestruturas das amostras foram avaliadas em função dos parâmetros morfológicos dos precipitados, da reorientação dos planos cristalográficos dos grãos e da orientação das subestruturas formadas durante o processo de deformação. Para a caracterização foram utilizadas técnicas de difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica, microscopia óptica utilizando técnicas de polarização linear e circular, microscopia correlativa e processamento digital de imagens. Os resultados de difração de raios-X indicaram uma reorientação do plano cristalográficos (200) para o (220) após a deformação, e as técnicas de microscopia eletrônica identificaram precipitados de Mg2Si, Al7Cu2Fe e Al6(FeCu) na liga. A análise morfológica dos precipitados indicou uma maior fragmentação dos precipitados devido à maior ativação do plano (331) a partir de 39% de deformação. Por meio do processamento de imagens foi encontrada uma tendência de correlação entre os planos cristalográficos e a fração de área das fases, enquanto que os parâmetros morfológicos das subestruturas formadas durante o processo de deformação permitiram avaliar apenas qualitativamente o nível de encruamento das amostras. / Digital image processing and analysis tools were developed to perform the AA 7075 crystallographic and morphologic texture evaluation under different level of plastic deformation by uniaxial compression. Samples of AA 7075-T6 were submitted to full annealing process followed by uniaxial compression, thus obtaining deformations between 25 and 65% of thickness. The samples microstructure evaluation was performed considering: precipitates morphological parameters, crystallographic lattices reorientation and deformation substructure orientation. The characterization technics were: X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, optical microscopy with polarization light, correlative microscopy and digital images processing. Xray diffraction results showed that the crystallographic plane (200) was reoriented to (220) after compression. The EDS analysis identified precipitates of Mg2Si, Al7Cu2Fe e Al6(FeCu). The precipitates morphological analysis showed an increase in fragmentation due to plane (331) at 39% of deformation. The digital image process of the samples etched with Barker reagents indicated a correlation between area fraction and the diffraction peaks, and the deformation substructures analysis made viable a qualitative characterization of the hardening process. / FAPESP: 2011/00403-2

Orientador: José Raimundo de Souza Passos / Coorientador: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Magali Ribeiro da Silva / Banca: Osvaldo Cesar Pinheiro de Almeida / Resumo: O setor florestal tem uma grande importância para a economia brasileira, sendo este, fornecedor de matéria-prima para uso em reflorestamento de áreas degradadas assim como para indústrias como de papel e celulose, carvão, moveleira, entre outras. No entanto para obtenção de bons resultados é necessária a utilização de mudas florestais sadias e livres de doenças. A mancha bacteriana do eucalipto e a mancha causada por Cylindrocladium são duas doenças muito comuns em viveiros e, embora os agentes etiológicos sejam diferentes, seus sintomas são bem parecidos, podendo causar dúvidas em um momento de diagnose. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver uma rede neural artificial (RNA) que seja capaz de classificar as duas doenças citadas utilizando imagens digitais. Imagens de ambas doenças foram processadas, utilizando a técnica de limiarização a fim de remover o fundo da imagem, e utilizados seus histogramas para treinamento de uma RNA do tipo perceptron multicamadas com algoritmo backpropagation. Foram realizados dez ensaios com cinco topologias diferentes, sendo elas com 34, 128, 248, 368 e 511 neurônios na camada intermediária. Todas as topologias atingiram em média 95% de acertos, sendo considerada a mais adequada aquela que possuía 256 neurônios. / Abstract: The forest sector has great importance for the Brazilian economy, whose, is raw materials supplier for reforestation of degraded areas as well as for industries like pulp and paper, coal, furniture, among others. However to achieve good results is necessary to use healthy forest seedlings. Bacterial stain of the eucalyptus and the stain caused by Cylindrocladium are two common diseases in nurseries and although the etiologic agents are different, their symptoms are similar, and may cause doubts in a diagnosis moment. The aim of this study was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify the two cited diseases using digital images. Images of both diseases were processed using a threshold technique to remove the image background, and their histograms were used to training a multilayer perceptron ANN with backpropagation algorithm. Ten essays with five different topologies ( 34, 128, 248, 368 and 511 neurons in the hidden layer) were carried out. All topologies reached on average 95% of correct classifications. The topology with 256 neurons in hidden layer was considered the most suitable one for this project / Mestre

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Η ανάπτυξη του διαδικτύου τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει φέρει αλλαγές στο μέγεθος και την ποιότητα του διαθέσιμου περιεχομένου. Οι χρήστες κυριολεκτικά κατακλύζονται από πληροφορία η οποία μπορεί να έχει διάφορες μορφές όπως κείμενο, ήχο, εικόνα, βίντεο. Η μεγάλη εξάπλωση του διαδικτύου, η εύκολη αναζήτηση σε μεγάλο όγκο πληροφορίας καθώς και η παρουσίαση του περιεχομένου με φιλικό τρόπο προς το χρήστη συνέβαλε στην ολοένα αυξανόμενη ανάγκη για προμήθεια εικόνων, βίντεο και μουσικής. Η ψηφιοποίηση του μεγαλύτερου όγκου περιεχομένου που διαχειρίζονται οι χρήστες τόσο στην προσωπική όσο και στην επαγγελματική ζωή τους οδήγησε στην ανάπτυξη νέων τεχνικών στεγανογραφίας για την ανταλλαγή κρυφής πληροφορίας, έννοια η οποία είναι ευρέως γνωστή από την αρχαιότητα. Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία υλοποιεί δύο από τους πιο δημοφιλείς αλγορίθμους στεγανογράφησης τον (Least Significant Bit) και τον LBP (Local Binary Pattern). Το σύστημα που αναπτύχθηκε είναι διαθέσιμο στο διαδίκτυο και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί από οποιοδήποτε χρήστη επιθυμεί να αποκρύψει πληροφορία (κείμενο ή εικόνα) μέσα σε μια εικόνα. Το σύστημα υλοποιεί όλο τον κύκλο της στεγανογράφησης δίνοντας τη δυνατότητα στο χρήστη όχι μόνο να κάνει απόκρυψη της πληροφορίας που επιθυμεί αλλά και την αντίστροφη διαδικασία δηλαδή την ανάκτηση της κρυμμένης πληροφορίας. Η διαδικασία είναι απλή και απαιτεί από τον αποστολέα (αυτός που κρύβει το μήνυμα) το ανέβασμα της εικόνας στο σύστημα, την εισαγωγή ενός μυστικού κλειδιού το οποίο πρέπει να είναι γνωστό για την ανάκτηση του μηνύματος, και φυσικά το μήνυμα, δηλαδή η προς απόκρυψη πληροφορία. Στη συνέχεια ο παραλήπτης για να ανακτήσει το μήνυμα θα πρέπει να ανεβάσει στο σύστημα τη στεγανογραφημένη εικόνα καθώς και το μυστικό κλειδί που έχει συμφωνήσει με τον αποστολέα. Τέλος, με κάποια σενάρια χρήσης, πραγματοποιούνται μετρήσεις, οι οποίες δείχνουν την απόδοση κάθε αλγορίθμου και γίνονται οι αντίστοιχες συγκρίσεις. Το σύστημα που υλοποιήθηκε στην παρούσα εργασία μπορεί να συμπεριλάβει και άλλες μεθόδους στεγανογράφησης καθώς επίσης και με την επέκταση του αλγορίθμου LBP ώστε να χρησιμοποιεί και τις τρεις χρωματικές συνιστώσες για την απόκρυψη της πληροφορίας.. Επίσης, θα είχε ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον η παροχή της συγκεκριμένης διαδικασίας σαν ηλεκτρονική υπηρεσία (web service) ώστε να είναι εφικτό να χρησιμοποιηθεί ανεξάρτητα και να μπορεί να εισαχθεί ως αυτόνομο κομμάτι λογισμικού σε κάθε πλατφόρμα που υποστηρίζει web services. / The development of the internet in recent years has brought changes in the size and quality of the available content. Users literally flooded with information which may have various forms like text, audio, image, and video. The wide spread of the internet, the ease of search in a large amount of information and the presentation of the available content in a friendly way resulted in the need for more images, videos and music. With the digitization of the available content new steganography techniques were necessary so that users can exchange secret information. In the current thesis two of the most popular steganography algorithms are implemented: the LSB (Least Significant Bit) and the LBP (Local Binary Pattern). The system is publicly available and can be used by any user who wishes to hide information (text or image) within an image. The system provides functionalities so that user can hide information within an image and recover the hidden information. The sender (the person who wishes to hide a message) has to provide the following information in the system: upload the image, provide the secret key needed to retrieve the message, and upload the message. The receiver has to upload the image containing the message and the secret key needed to recover the message. Anumber of usage scenarios are implemented to measure the performance of the algorithms and make comparisons. The implemented system can easily include more steganografy methods and also the extension of the LBP algorithm so that the three color components are used to hide the information. It would be interested to provide the current process as an e-service (web service) that it is feasible to be used independently and can be introduced as a standalone piece of software in any platform that supports web services.

With the rapid growth of the internet and digital media techniques over the last decade, multimedia data such as images, video and audio can easily be copied, altered and distributed over the internet without any loss in quality. Therefore, protection of ownership of multimedia data has become a very significant and challenging issue. Three novel image watermarking algorithms have been designed and implemented for copyright protection. The first proposed algorithm is based on embedding multiple watermarks in the blue channel of colour images to achieve more robustness against attacks. The second proposed algorithm aims to achieve better trade-offs between imperceptibility and robustness requirements of a digital watermarking system. It embeds a watermark in adaptive manner via classification of DCT blocks with three levels: smooth, edges and texture, implemented in the DCT domain by analyzing the values of AC coefficients. The third algorithm aims to achieve robustness against geometric attacks, which can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence cause incorrect watermark detection. It uses geometrically invariant feature points and image normalization to overcome the problem of synchronization errors caused by geometric attacks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are robust and outperform related techniques found in literature.

High quality digital images have become pervasive in modern scientific and everyday life — in areas from photography to astronomy, CCTV, microscopy, and medical imaging. However there are always limits to the quality of these images due to uncertainty and imprecision in the measurement systems. Modern signal processing methods offer the promise of overcoming some of these problems by postprocessing these blurred and noisy images. In this thesis, novel methods using nonstationary statistical models are developed for the removal of blurs from out of focus and other types of degraded photographic images. The work tackles the fundamental problem blind image deconvolution (BID); its goal is to restore a sharp image from a blurred observation when the blur itself is completely unknown. This is a “doubly illposed” problem — extreme lack of information must be countered by strong prior constraints about sensible types of solution. In this work, the hierarchical Bayesian methodology is used as a robust and versatile framework to impart the required prior knowledge. The thesis is arranged in two parts. In the first part, the BID problem is reviewed, along with techniques and models for its solution. Observation models are developed, with an emphasis on photographic restoration, concluding with a discussion of how these are reduced to the common linear spatially-invariant (LSI) convolutional model. Classical methods for the solution of illposed problems are summarised to provide a foundation for the main theoretical ideas that will be used under the Bayesian framework. This is followed by an indepth review and discussion of the various prior image and blur models appearing in the literature, and then their applications to solving the problem with both Bayesian and nonBayesian techniques. The second part covers novel restoration methods, making use of the theory presented in Part I. Firstly, two new nonstationary image models are presented. The first models local variance in the image, and the second extends this with locally adaptive noncausal autoregressive (AR) texture estimation and local mean components. These models allow for recovery of image details including edges and texture, whilst preserving smooth regions. Most existing methods do not model the boundary conditions correctly for deblurring of natural photographs, and a Chapter is devoted to exploring Bayesian solutions to this topic. Due to the complexity of the models used and the problem itself, there are many challenges which must be overcome for tractable inference. Using the new models, three different inference strategies are investigated: firstly using the Bayesian maximum marginalised a posteriori (MMAP) method with deterministic optimisation; proceeding with the stochastic methods of variational Bayesian (VB) distribution approximation, and simulation of the posterior distribution using the Gibbs sampler. Of these, we find the Gibbs sampler to be the most effective way to deal with a variety of different types of unknown blurs. Along the way, details are given of the numerical strategies developed to give accurate results and to accelerate performance. Finally, the thesis demonstrates state of the art results in blind restoration of synthetic and real degraded images, such as recovering details in out of focus photographs.