Orientador: Maria da Graça de Mello Magnoni / Banca: Juliano Mauricio de Carvalho / Banca: Mauricio Gonçalves Saliba / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mapear metodologias de desenvolvimento de Objetos de Aprendizagem e sua construção para a TV Digital. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada sobre as novas tecnologias da informação. Educação a Distância, design instrucional e suas aplicações educacionais. Refletindo questões como o avanço das Tecnologias da Informação, novas possibilidades de interação com a informação, o redesenho dos hábitos, costumes e mudança na prática do ensino aprendizagem. A pesquisa discute também questões como o surgimento de mais um meio de comunicação de massa a TV Digital Interativa (TVDI) e suas novas perspectivas para a Educação a Distância (EAD). Em meio a essas novas possibilidades aparecem os Objetos de Aprendizagem como recursos didáticos para explorarem as características e potencialidades do veículo, como a interatividade / Abstract: This study aims to map development methodologies Learning Objects and their construction for digital TV. From literature search conducted on new information technologies, distance eduation, instructional design and its educational applications. Reflecting issues such as the advancement of information technologies, new possibilities of interaction with information, the redesign of the habits, customs and change in the practice of teaching and learning. The research also discusses issues such as the emergence of another vehicle of mass communication the Interactive Digital (TVDI) and his new outlook for Distance Learning (ODL). Amid these new possibilities appear Learning Objects as teaching resources to exploit the freatures and capabilities of the vehicle, such as interactitivity / Mestre

Indonesian broadcasters are less than enthused about switching from an analog signal to digital terrestrial television (DTT). The nation’s telecommunications industry appears mostly indifferent, consumers are reluctant to spend money on the necessary new equipment, and electronics producers are pessimistic about the new market. Despite the fact that few stakeholders are in support of this transition, the Indonesian government is moving forward on DTT. Why could this be? Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, with more than 16,000 islands and a diverse geography that complicates the implementation of new broadcast and telecommunications infrastructure. By taking it as a case study, this project explains why, despite broad national ambivalence, high costs, and uncertain benefits, a developing country might still find itself accepting an externally imposed standard. Primary research questions include: What incentivizes nations to accept new technological standards when domestic enthusiasm is sparse? How do foreign interests and a fear of isolation from an “inevitable” global technofuture reshape civic priorities? Which segments of society are legitimized in this process, and which are ignored? The processes at play are nuanced. Building on the scholarship of Grewal (2008), this dissertation contends that Indonesia’s decision to transition to DTT is understood as neither entirely voluntary nor entirely coerced. Rather, it is the result of a complex web of power plays and rhetorical frames. International bodies seek to impose a universal broadcast standard even in countries where it is counterproductive as certain domestic corporations attempt to influence the process in order to maintain and consolidate their dominance. At the same time, prevailing narratives of “necessity” and “inevitability” obscure policy choices better suited to the Indonesian situation, and hide the reality that DTT is not only a technological issue, but a social one as well.

Sistemas embarcados, inclusive para eletrônica de consumo, vêm se tornando cada vez mais complexos, requerendo a utilização de novas tecnologias, bem como novas abordagens para o seu desenvolvimento. Em particular, o desenvolvimento de aplicações para TV Digital interativa têm requerido crescente aplicação de novas técnicas de programação e engenharia de software, visando facilitar o desenvolvimento e manutenção desses sistemas. Em paralelo, arquiteturas de referência, um tipo especial de arquitetura de software, têm sido proposta para diversos domínios de aplicação e têm contribudo efetivamente para o desenvolvimento, padronização e evolução de sistemas de software de tais domínios. Contudo, o uso de arquiteturas de referência ainda não foi explorado em profundidade no desenvolvimento de aplicações para o domínio de TV Digital. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo desse trabalho e propor uma arquitetura de referência para o domínio de TV Digital interativa, que facilite o desenvolvimento de aplicações para o ambiente procedural do middleware para o receptor digital. Como principais resultados alcançados neste trabalho, têm-se a contribuição para a área de TV Digital, buscando promover essa área que têm se destacado consideravelmente nos últimos anos / Embedded systems, especially in consumer electronics, are becoming increasingly complex, requiring the use of new technologies and approaches for their development. In particular, the development of interactive applications for digital TV requires new programming techniques and software engineering practices in order to facilitate the reliability and maintenance of these systems. In a parallel perspective, reference architectures, an special type of software architecture, have been proposed for several applications domain and have effectively contributed to the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems on such domains. However, the use of reference architectures has not been in depth explored in the digital TV domain. In this context, this work proposes a reference architecture for this domain. This architecture enables the development of applications for the procedural middleware environment for the digital TV receiver. The main result achieved in this work is the contribution to the development of interactive TV middleware-based applications, aiming at promoting this area that has been substantially explored in recent years

A televisão nos dias atuais tem sofrido inúmeras inovações tecnológicas nos campos das transmissões multimídia, qualidade audio-visual e diversidade de funcionalidades. Entretanto, esta essencialmente mantêm sua característica de fornecer informações de forma quase que instantânea à população. O ambiente atual da televisão digital é caracterizado pela coexistência de inúmeros dispositivos capazes de oferecerem uma experiência televisa, associando-se computadores pessoais, smartphones, tablets e outros eletrônicos de consumo. Ainda, pode se incluir a este cenário a disponibilidade de inúmeras redes de transporte de dados tais como a radiodifusão, satélite, cabo e redes em banda larga. Este cenário diversificado, em termos de dispositivos e redes, é denominado de cenário de televisão digital híbrida, a qual destaca-se a interação do expectador com os diversos dispositivos. Estes cenários, por sua vez, motivam o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que permitem o aperfeiçoamento da pervasividade e dos meios pelos os quais os aplicativos possam ser suportados em diferentes plataformas. Este trabalho propõe ambientes interoperáveis envolvendo a televisão digital interativa e outros eletrônicos de consumo, aos quais foram realizados estudos e experimentos para se observar diferentes técnicas de sincronização e comunicação entre plataformas de interatividade para a televisão digital híbrida. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de cenários interoperáveis envolvendo o uso de marcadores e também recursos de redes e serviços TCP/IP, levando em consideração a eficiência e eficácia nos diferentes métodos. Conclui-se que os resultados odem motivar o desenvolvimento de cenários diferenciados envolvendo a televisão digital interativa e dispositivos de segunda tela, o que incrementa a interatividade e as formas de entretenimento. / The television is nowadays under a wide number of technological innovations in the fields of multimedia broadcasts, audio-visual quality and diversity of features. However, TVs essentially retain their characteristic to provide information almost instantly to the population. The current environment of digital television is characterized by the coexistence of numerous gadgats capable of providing a experience aggregating personal computers, smartphones, tablets and other consumer electronics. Thereafter, you can include this scenario the availability of numerous data transmission such as broadcasting, satellite, cable and broadband networks. This scenario in terms of devices and networks, is called hybrid digital television, which highlights the interaction of the viewer with the various devices. By the way, these scenarios motivate the development of technologies which allow the improvement of the pervasiveness and ways that applications can be supported by different platforms. This work proposes interoperable environments involving interactive digital TV and other consumer electronics, which were carried out studies and experiments to observe different synchronization techniques and communication between interactive platforms for hybrid digital television. The results pointed out to the possibility of interoperable scenarios involving the use of tags and also network resources and services such as TCP/IP, taking into account the efficiency and effectiveness of the different methods. The results could lead the development of different scenarios involving interactive digital TV and second screen devices, which increases the interactivity and forms of entertainment.

A televisão nos dias atuais tem sofrido inúmeras inovações tecnológicas nos campos das transmissões multimídia, qualidade audio-visual e diversidade de funcionalidades. Entretanto, esta essencialmente mantêm sua característica de fornecer informações de forma quase que instantânea à população. O ambiente atual da televisão digital é caracterizado pela coexistência de inúmeros dispositivos capazes de oferecerem uma experiência televisa, associando-se computadores pessoais, smartphones, tablets e outros eletrônicos de consumo. Ainda, pode se incluir a este cenário a disponibilidade de inúmeras redes de transporte de dados tais como a radiodifusão, satélite, cabo e redes em banda larga. Este cenário diversificado, em termos de dispositivos e redes, é denominado de cenário de televisão digital híbrida, a qual destaca-se a interação do expectador com os diversos dispositivos. Estes cenários, por sua vez, motivam o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que permitem o aperfeiçoamento da pervasividade e dos meios pelos os quais os aplicativos possam ser suportados em diferentes plataformas. Este trabalho propõe ambientes interoperáveis envolvendo a televisão digital interativa e outros eletrônicos de consumo, aos quais foram realizados estudos e experimentos para se observar diferentes técnicas de sincronização e comunicação entre plataformas de interatividade para a televisão digital híbrida. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de cenários interoperáveis envolvendo o uso de marcadores e também recursos de redes e serviços TCP/IP, levando em consideração a eficiência e eficácia nos diferentes métodos. Conclui-se que os resultados odem motivar o desenvolvimento de cenários diferenciados envolvendo a televisão digital interativa e dispositivos de segunda tela, o que incrementa a interatividade e as formas de entretenimento. / The television is nowadays under a wide number of technological innovations in the fields of multimedia broadcasts, audio-visual quality and diversity of features. However, TVs essentially retain their characteristic to provide information almost instantly to the population. The current environment of digital television is characterized by the coexistence of numerous gadgats capable of providing a experience aggregating personal computers, smartphones, tablets and other consumer electronics. Thereafter, you can include this scenario the availability of numerous data transmission such as broadcasting, satellite, cable and broadband networks. This scenario in terms of devices and networks, is called hybrid digital television, which highlights the interaction of the viewer with the various devices. By the way, these scenarios motivate the development of technologies which allow the improvement of the pervasiveness and ways that applications can be supported by different platforms. This work proposes interoperable environments involving interactive digital TV and other consumer electronics, which were carried out studies and experiments to observe different synchronization techniques and communication between interactive platforms for hybrid digital television. The results pointed out to the possibility of interoperable scenarios involving the use of tags and also network resources and services such as TCP/IP, taking into account the efficiency and effectiveness of the different methods. The results could lead the development of different scenarios involving interactive digital TV and second screen devices, which increases the interactivity and forms of entertainment.

"October 2002 (Revised May 2003)"--T.p. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-264).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian Defence Force Academy, School of Electrical Engineering, 2003. / "October 2002 (Revised May 2003)"--T.p. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-264).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 266-282).

Orientador: Regina Célia Baptista Belluzzzo / Banca: Maximiliano Martin Vicente / Banca: Ricardo Alexino Ferreira / Resumo: Com o advento da Tecnologia Digital, as emissoras públicas, alardeadas com a necessidade de acompanhar a digitalização, iniciaram uma série de discussões em prol de sua sustentabilidade. Foi através do I Fórum Nacional de TVs Públicas que se firmou o compromisso da criação da Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC) que tem como proposta operar uma Rede Nacional de Comunicação Publica (RNCP), e garantir a viabilidade e sustentabilidade de emissoras públicas que tenham interesse em se afiliar a Rede. Diante desse cenário, a presente dissertação tem como proposta analisar a sustentabilidade da TV Brasil, como sendo a emissora de televisão cabeça de rede das afiliadas, no tocante à gestão e o fomento. Como referencial teórico, apresenta-se um breve panorama da TV pública no Brasil, pontuando os aspectos históricos desde o surgimento da primeira emissora pública até a criação da EBC. Além disso, é feita a apresentação da TV Brasil e de sua emissora conveniada - a TV UNESP (TVU). Em sequência, oferece-se uma explanação acerca dos modelos de gestão existentes e a descrição de pesquisa exploratória junto aos gestores de ambas emissoras, cujo intuito foi constatar se os parâmetros utilizados no seu atual modelo de gestão e fomento estão alinhados entre si, procurando identificar condições de melhoria nas condutas adotadas. Em seguida, após análise dos dados da pesquisa e seu confronto com o referencial teórico abordado, considerou-se ser necessária a existência de maiores subsídios a essa área. Desse modo, são apresentadas diretrizes como a construção científica que tem o intuito de prestar contribuição para a adequação de condutas que devem envolver a gestão e o fomento para a TV Digital Pública no Brasil / Abstract: With the advent of the Digital Technology, the public broadcasting stations in order to follow the current Digital System, start many discussions visualizing their maintenance. Through the first Public TVs National forum an agreement was stated in order to create the Communication enterprise EBC-Empresa Brasil de Comunicação with the aim of operate a National Net of Public communication - RNCP - Rede Nacional de Comunicação Pública so they can take as guaranty the visibility and maintenance of public broadcasting stations interested in being affiliate to the net. This abstract has the proposal of analyzing the scenery of the sustainability of the TV Brasil as being the TV Broadcasting leader to the affiliates concerning Management and Promotion. As theoretical sustentation of the dissertation presents a briefing of the public TV Brasil pointing out the historical aspects since the appearance of the public brodcasting until the creation of EBC. The next chapter presents TV Brasil and its convenanter broadcasting, the TV UNESP. It makes an explanation about the existing models of management being applied. Afterwards, a research was made on the managers of both broadcastings with the purpose of a verification concerning the parameter used and to kwow if the recent managerial model and promotion of the broadcasting are similiar each other. In addition to this, some directives for the management and promotion in this area are presented considered as a scientific construction which has the aim of a contribution in the area of management and promotion for a Brazilian Public Digital Television / Mestre

Search and retrieval of multimedia content from open platforms such as the Internet and IPTV platforms has long been found to be hugely inefficient. It has been noted that a major cause of such inefficient results is the improper labeling or incomplete description of multimedia content by its creators. The lack of adequate description of video content by the proper annotation of video content with the relevant metadata leads to poor search and retrieval yields. The creation of such metadata itself is a major problem as there are various metadata description standards which users could employ. On the other hand there are tools such as FFprobe that can retrieve important features of video that can be used in searching and retrieval. The combination of such tools and metadata description standards could be the solution to the metadata problem. The Multimedia Content Description Interface (MPEG-7) is an example of a metadata description standard. It has been adopted by TISPAN for the description of IPTV multimedia content. The MPEG-7 standard is rather complex, seeing as it has over 1200 global Descriptors and Description Schemes which a user would have to know in order to implement such technology. This complexity is a nuisance when we consider the existence of multitudes of amateur video producers. These multimedia content creators have no idea how to use the MPEG-7 standard to annotate their creations with metadata. Consequently, overloading of the IPTV platform with content that has not been annotated in a standardized manner occurs, making search and retrieval of the multimedia content (videos, in this instance) inefficient. Therefore, it was imperative to try and determine whether the use of the MPEG-7 standard could be made much easier by creating a tool that is MPEG-7 enabled which will allow for the annotation of video content by any user without concerning themselves about how to use the MPEG-7 standard. In attempting to develop a tool for metadata generation, it was incumbent for us to understand the issues associated with metadata generation for users wishing to create IPTV services. An extensive literature review on IPTV standardization was carried out to determine the issues associated with metadata generation for IPTV and their proposed solutions. An experimental research approach was taken in an attempt to figure out if our proposed solution to the lack of technical expertise by users about the MPEG-7 standard could be the final solution to the metadata generation problem. We developed a Multimedia Content Description and Management System (MCDMS) prototype which enabled us to describe video content by annotating it with 16 different metadata elements and storing the descriptions in XML MPEG-7 format. Incremental development and re-use oriented development were used during the development phase of this research. The MCDMS underwent functional testing; smoke testing of the individual system components and Big Bang integration testing for the combined components. Our results indicate that the more metadata is appended to a video as description the better it is to search for and retrieve. The MCDMS hides the complexity of MPEG-7 metadata creation from the users. With the effortless creation of MPEG-7 based metadata, it becomes easier to annotate videos. Consequently, search and retrieval of video content becomes more efficient. It is important to note that the description of multimedia content remains a complex feat. Even with the metadata elements laid out for users, there still exist other issues that affect metadata creation such as polysemy and the semantic gap. However, the provision of a tool that does the MPEG-7 standardizing behind the scenes for users when they upload a video makes the description of multimedia content in a standardized manner a much easier feat to achieve.