Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-07T17:01:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosHumbertoProlaJuniorDissertacaoParcial2016.pdf: 728696 bytes, checksum: 8821ea0565485f0ba291fc5c8699d7aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-07T17:01:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosHumbertoProlaJuniorDissertacaoParcial2016.pdf: 728696 bytes, checksum: 8821ea0565485f0ba291fc5c8699d7aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T17:01:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosHumbertoProlaJuniorDissertacaoParcial2016.pdf: 728696 bytes, checksum: 8821ea0565485f0ba291fc5c8699d7aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 / This study aims at demonstrating that the history of indigenous peoples in our country is set by genocide, slavery, expulsions and forced assimilation. From evolutionary ideas, the Brazilian state bet that the indians would always disappear. However, anthropological theories more appropriate to empirical realities ??? that permeate the new paradigm established by the Constitution of 1988, which devotes a multiethnic state and the right to social differentiation???, demonstrate that the ideas of acculturation, supremacy among human societies and that the isolation would be essential to the preservation of ethnic identity are inappropriate. In Santa Catarina, with the consolidation of the West area from the state, a new movement of colonization of the region begins, aggravating the raids on Kaingang people???s territory. However, in the late 1970???s, showing their status as protagonists of their own history, the Kaingang people promoted a revival movement from their traditional lands, starting to articulate their rights claims towards the state agencies. This study establishes a theoretical framework for a proper consideration of these issues, trying to avoid the extremes of cultural relativism, on one hand, and the homogenizing universalities on the other. The analysis indicates that state neutrality in relation to any conception of good life advocated by liberalism ??? from an atomistic conception of the human being, artificial and disconnected from reality, ignoring the membership ties to the community, as shown by the communitarian critique ??? has been synonymous with invisibility and death for indigenous peoples. Thus, the study focuses on the demands for recognition policies, which requires that public institutions no longer ignore it, but admit the cultural specificities, implementing politics of difference that recognizes the unique identity of each individual or group. In addition, this study also analyzes the multicultural liberalism that advocates the need to supplement liberalism and its universal human rights, attributing to ethnocultural minorities a specific set of rights. From this theoretical framework, several concrete situations related to the Kaingang People from the West of Santa Catarina are discussed, such as ranging from the right to self-determination, autonomy and self-government; exercise of specifically indigenous jurisdiction and enforcement of traditional punishments; inaccuracies and misunderstandings that permeate the operation of criminal justice in our country in cases involving indigenous rights; pressure faced by Kaingang in relation to permanent possession of their territories; issues involving indigenous education and the challenge of preserving their mother tongue. / O presente estudo demonstra que a hist??ria dos povos ind??genas em nosso pa??s ?? marcada por genoc??dios, escravagismo, expuls??es e assimila????es for??adas. A partir de ideias evolucionistas, a aposta do estado brasileiro sempre foi de que os ??ndios iriam desaparecer. Contudo, teorias antropol??gicas mais adequadas ??s realidades emp??ricas ??? e que permeiam o novo paradigma estabelecido pela Constitui????o Federal de 1988, que consagra um estado pluri??tnico e o direito ?? diferencia????o social ???, demonstram a impropriedade das ideias de acultura????o, de supremacia entre sociedades humanas e de que o isolamento seria imprescind??vel ?? preserva????o da identidade ??tnica. Em Santa Catarina, com a consolida????o do dom??nio do Oeste, inicia-se um novo movimento de coloniza????o da regi??o, recrudescendo as investidas sobre o territ??rio do povo Kaingang. Por??m, demonstrando sua condi????o de protagonistas de sua pr??pria hist??ria, os Kaingang promovem, na d??cada de 1970, um movimento de retomada de suas terras tradicionais, passando a articular suas demandas por direitos perante os ??rg??os estatais. O estudo estabelece um referencial te??rico para uma adequada reflex??o sobre essas quest??es, buscando evitar os extremos, tanto do relativismo cultural, quanto das universalidades homogeneizantes. A an??lise denota que a neutralidade estatal em rela????o a qualquer concep????o de vida boa defendida pelo liberalismo ??? a partir de uma vis??o atom??stica do ser humano, artificial e desconectada da realidade, desconsiderando os la??os de perten??a com a comunidade, conforme aponta a c??tica comunitarista ??? tem sido sin??nimo de invisibilidade e exterm??nio para os povos ind??genas. Enfoca, ent??o, as demandas por pol??ticas de reconhecimento, que exigem que as institui????es p??blicas n??o mais ignorem, mas sim admitam as especificidades culturais, implementando uma pol??tica de diferen??a que reconhe??a a identidade peculiar de cada indiv??duo ou grupo. Analisa, ainda, o liberalismo multicultural, que defende ser necess??rio suplementar o liberalismo e sua pauta universal de direitos humanos, atribuindo ??s minorias etnoculturais um conjunto espec??fico de direitos. A partir desse arcabou??o te??rico, s??o discutidas diversas situa????es concretas vivenciadas na realidade atual do Povo Kaingang do Oeste de Santa Catarina, desde o direito ?? autodetermina????o, autonomia e autogoverno; exerc??cio da jurisdi????o especificamente ind??gena e aplica????o de penas tradicionais; impropriedades e incompreens??es que permeiam a atua????o da Justi??a Criminal nos casos envolvendo direitos dos ??ndios; press??es enfrentadas pelos Kaingang em rela????o ?? posse permanente de seus territ??rios; at?? quest??es envolvendo a educa????o escolar ind??gena e o desafio de preserva????o de sua l??ngua materna.