<p>Profesionalna infektivna oboljenja nastaju kao posledica izloženosti mikroorganizama u radnoj sredini. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje vrsta profesionalnih &scaron;tetnosti koje dovode do profesionalnih infektivnih oboljenja i njihove incidencije u privrednim delatnostima Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine, kao i predloga adekvatnih mera za njihovu prevenciju. Profesionalna infektivna oboljenja su činila 13,4% od ukupno 464 slučaja utvrđenih profesionalnih oboljenja u Autonomnoj Pokrajini Vojvodini u toku dvadesetogodi&scaron;njeg perioda od 1992. do 2011. godine. Od ukupno utvrđenih 62 slučaja profesionalnih infektivnih oboljenja dve trećine su činili profesionalni virusni hepatitisi, 31% profesionalne antropozoonoze i 3% profesionolana tuberkuloza. Dve trećine obolelih od profesionalnih infektivnih bolesti bile su osobe ženskog pola &scaron;to je statistički značajno vi&scaron;e u poređenju sa osobama mu&scaron;kog pola, dok su zaposleni mu&scaron;kog pola činili 57%, a ženskog 43% ukupno zaposlenih na teritoriji Vojvodine. Najče&scaron;ća profesionalna infektivna oboljenja bila su virusni hepatits B 52%, kju groznica 18%, virusni hepatitis C 15%, lajmska bolest 6%, leptospiroza 5%. Utvrđeno je da je do&scaron;lo do statistički značajnog sniženja incidencije profesionalnog virusnog hepatitisa B u<br />periodu nakon dono&scaron;enja odluke o obaveznoj imunizaciji 2002. godine, sa 6,27 na 1,35 na 100.000 zaposlenih, dok nije bilo statistički značajne razlike kada je u pitanju incidencija virusnog hepatitisa C. Profesionalna infektivna oboljenja su u vi&scaron;e od dve trećine slučajeva registrovana kod zdravstvenih radnika (69%) sa prosečnom incidencijom od 5,18 na 100.000 zaposlenih, znatno niža bila je incidencija u proizvodnji prehrambenih proizvoda (1,36) i poljoprivredi sa lovom, ribolovom i &scaron;umarstvom (1,11). Ne&scaron;to vi&scaron;e od trećine radnika bilo je privremeno nesposobno za rad u toku utvrđivanja profesionalnog oboljenja, jer je lečenje bilo u toku. Kod ovih radnika značajno je naknadno oceniti radnu sposobnost i utvrditi eventualne posledice oboljenja. Pored primene specifičnih mera imunizacije ukoliko postoje, kao i ličnih mera za&scaron;tita koje sprečavaju kontakt sa uzročnicima, značajno je sprovođenje edukacije radnika o rizicima i preventivnih lekarskih pregleda radi rane identifikacije obolelih radnika.</p> / <p>Occupational communicable diseases are caused by exposure to microorganism&rsquo;s in working environment. The aim of this study is to determine the types of occupational hazards that lead to occupational communicable diseases and their incidence in the economic activities of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, as well as the proposal of adequate measures for their prevention. Occupational communicable diseases accounted for 13.4% of the total of 464 cases of occupational diseases identified in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina during the twenty-year period from 1992 to 2011. In the total of 62 identified cases of occupational communicable diseases, occupational viral hepatitis accounted for two-thirds, occupational anthropozoonoses for 31%, occupational tuberculosis for 3%. Two-thirds of patients with occupational communicable diseases were females, significantly more compared to male, while male accounted for 57% and female for 43% of the total employees in Vojvodina. The most frequent occupational communicable diseases were viral hepatitis B 52%, Q fever 18%, viral hepatitis C 15%, Lyme disease 6%, leptospirosis 5%. It was found that there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of occupational viral hepatitis B in the period after the decision on obligatory immunization in 2002, from 6.27 to 1.35 per 100,000 employees, while there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of viral hepatitis C. In more than two-thirds of the cases occupational communicable diseases were registered in health care workers (69%) with the average incidence of 5.18 per 100,000 employees, substantially lower the incidence was in the production of food (1.36), as well as in agriculture, hunting, fishing and forestry (1.11). Just over a third of workers were temporarily unable to work during the verification of occupational disease due to the ongoing treatment. In these workers it is important to assess working ability afterwards and identify the possible consequences of the disease. In addition to the application of specific measures of immunization if any available, as well as personal protection measures that prevent contact with pathogens it is important to implement risk education of workers and preventive medical examinations for early identification of affected employees.</p>

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The inclusion of topics related to health and non communicable diseases (DANTs) should be prioritized in the school context, as these diseases are the first cause of death in our country. However, so that these issues can be worked in school, it is important that educators are properly trained to take on such a task. Thus, the process of continuous training of teachers to work with an interdisciplinary education and health, and significantly, should be encouraged, and may be based on the use of active methods such as problematization methodology (MP). In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of the MP as interdisciplinary teaching tool, and promote the training of teachers and elementary school students about health and risk factors for DANTs. Initially we investigated the knowledge of the students and faculty of Sciences and Physical Education 7th grade of primary education on health and risk factors for DANTs where it was established a good base of knowledge to certain risk factors, such as the sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. But, stands out that further is needed clarification and activities aimed at prevention and health promotion at school, because it is an audience of teenagers in formation of habits and lifestyle. Subsequently, were provided to teachers, training courses on health in the school context, in partnership with those responsible for public schools and state agencies of Alegrete/RS. These courses, in addition to providing updates on issues related to health and DANTs prevention, aimed at the proposal of interdisciplinary work between the areas involved, having the MP with the bow Maguerez as a teaching tool. It found small share of the contingent of teachers from both school systems, but great interest and motivation among participants. Finally, the educational intervention activities were conducted in health with students of the 7th grade of elementary school, based on the problematization methodology. The activities were proposed in an interdisciplinary way, and can be seen that the students considered the proposal of MP attractive, were motivated in performing their steps because the issues addressed have become significant and related to the same reality, as recommended the MP. Still, with respect to the use of the MP, the teachers showed interest and good acceptance for using it as a teaching proposal, as well as availability to start work on education and health in school. Thus, we highlight the urgency of further encouraging continuing education of teachers of basic education, through projects, training courses and workshops, so that they feel prepared to approach the relevant issues, and belonging the everyday student. / A inserção de temáticas relacionadas à saúde e aos fatores de risco para doenças e agravos não transmissíveis (DANTs) deve ser priorizada no contexto escolar, uma vez que estas doenças representam a primeira causa de morte em nosso país. No entanto, para que estas temáticas sejam abordadas na escola, é preciso que os educadores estejam devidamente capacitados para assumir tal tarefa. Assim, o processo de formação continuada de professores para o trabalho com educação e saúde de forma interdisciplinar e significativa, deve ser estimulado e, pode ter como base a utilização de metodologias ativas, como a Metodologia da Problematização (MP). Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal desta tese foi avaliar a efetividade da metodologia da problematização como ferramenta de ensino interdisciplinar e, promover a capacitação de professores e alunos do ensino fundamental sobre saúde e fatores de risco para DANTs. Inicialmente investigou-se o conhecimento dos escolares e professores de Ciências e Educação Física da 7ª série do ensino fundamental sobre saúde e fatores de risco para DANTs, onde foi possível constatar uma boa base de conhecimento para determinados fatores de risco, como por exemplo, o sedentarismo e a má alimentação. Mas, vale ressaltar que, por se tratar de um público de adolescentes em período de formação de hábitos e estilo de vida é necessário maior esclarecimento sobre estes temas e atividades que visem o estímulo à prevenção e promoção da saúde na escola. Posteriormente, foram proporcionados, aos professores, cursos de capacitação em saúde no contexto escolar, realizados em parceria com os órgãos públicos responsáveis pelas escolas municipais e estaduais de Alegrete/RS. Estes cursos, além de proporcionarem atualizações sobre temáticas relacionadas à saúde e prevenção de DANTs, visavam à proposta de um trabalho interdisciplinar entre as áreas envolvidas, tendo a MP com o arco de Maguerez como ferramenta de ensino. Constatou-se pequena participação do contingente de professores de ambas as redes de ensino, mas grande interesse e motivação entre os participantes. Por fim, foram realizadas atividades de intervenção educativa em saúde com os alunos da 7ª série do ensino fundamental, tendo como base a metodologia da problematização. As atividades foram propostas de forma interdisciplinar e, pode-se constatar que os alunos consideraram a proposta da MP atraente e, motivaram-se na realização de suas etapas, pois os temas abordados tornaram-se significativos e relacionados à realidade dos mesmos, como preconiza a MP. Ainda, com relação à utilização da MP, os professores demonstraram interesse e boa aceitação para utilização da mesma como proposta de ensino, assim como disponibilidade para iniciar o trabalho com educação e saúde na escola. Logo, salienta-se a premência de um maior incentivo à educação continuada dos professores da Educação Básica, por meio de projetos, cursos e oficinas de capacitação, a fim de que os mesmos se sintam preparados para abordagem de temas relevantes, e que façam parte do cotidiano do aluno.