Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aviation industry is an extremely dynamic industry where all stakeholders need to ensure that the operational margins are clearly identified and adhered to. Failure to actively and continuously streamline operations might cause almost immediate negative effects to a firm. Or in the worst case, might even cause overnight insolvency and closure. Just as for the other stakeholders it is equally important to the Airport Operating Authority to be able to offer to its clients all required operational systems. In order to be able to make an operational profit, it is important that the Airport Operating Authority does not waste scarce resources on maintaining oversized components within these systems. The components of these systems are all intertwined and most play an important role in the smooth running of the operations of the airport as a whole. It is clear that, if one of these components is optimised, it should optimise the system it forms part of which again should be beneficial to the airport-operational system as a whole. In an effort to be able to identify those components that will have the biggest overall effect on airport operations, it is proposed that the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process be used. This method allows one to compare components that, under normal circumstances, is considered to be incomparable. In other words, the AHP allows you to compare apples with oranges. Once these components are identified, one can use quantitative methods like regression analysis to identify a more optimum solution. This strategy does not promise a golden answer to operational problems but will assist an airport authority eager to have as lean as possible operations. It can be concluded that the strategy of identification, through utilisation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and optimisation, through Quantative Methods, affords the analyst a systematic approach to increase financial viability and sustainability of an airport which may otherwise place a tremendous load on limited resources. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die lugvaart industrie is ‘n ongelooflike dinamiese industrie waar alle rolspelers ‘n baie fyn oorsig moet hê, en behou, rakende hul bedryfs marge. Die gebrek aan gedurige verfyning van bedryfs-hulpbronne kan ‘n onmiddelike nadelige effek op die rolspeler se bedryfs-marge hê. Dit het in die verlede al gelei tot die skielike bankrotskap en ondergang van gevestigde firma. Net soos die ander rolspelers in die industrie, is dit vir die Lughawe Owerheid ook belangrik om die benodigde sisteme daar te stel sodat verwagte dienste gelewer kan word. Maar op dieselfde toon is dit nodig dat die Lughawe Owerheid nie skaars hulpbronne spandeer op die onderhouding van oorbodige of onnodige groot komponente van die onderskeie sisteme nie. Die onderskeie komponente van die verskeie sisteme is meestal op een of ander manier onderling afhanklik en ondersteunend van mekaar. Dit is egter duidelik dat, sou een van die komponente geoptimiseer word, dit ‘n positiewe uitwerking op die betrokke sisteem in geheel sou hê asook op die globale lughawe bedryfs-sisteem. Dit is dus belangrik om daardie komponente wat die grootste impak op die onderskeie sisteme sal hê, te identifiseer. Om dit te doen word dit voorgestel dat van die Analitiese Hierargiese Proses (AHP) gebruik te maak. Hierdie proses laat toe dat komponente wat nie dieselfde eienskappe het nie wel vergelyk kan word sodat ‘n onderskeid en hierargie geskep kan word. Sodra die komponente geidentifiseer is wat die grootste uitwerking op die verskillende sisteme sal hê, kan ‘n meer optimale oplossing gesoek word deur die gebruik van kwantitatiewe metodes soos byvoorbeeld Regressie Analiese. Dit is dus duidelik dat die strategie van identifisering, deur gebruik van die “AHP”, en optimisering, deur kwantitatiewe metodes, die analis ‘n werktuig gee om op ‘n gestruktureerde manier die lewensvatbaareid van ‘n lughawe te verhoog wat andersins groot druk plaas op skaars hulpbronne.

Thesis (MEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 1983. / 129 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-1 – 12.5. Includes bibliography, list of abbreviations and list of figures. / Digitized at 300 dpi black and white PDF format (OCR), using KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The remedy of a bulking sludge was investigated by the principle of selection of microorganisms. Selection of microorganisms in activated sludge was achieved by putting a selection compartment, with a high substrate concentration, ahead of the main aeration basin. The initial results in the experiments indicated selection of microorganisms and a reduction of SVI, but complete selection of microorganisms could not be obtained. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die herstel van 'n uitdyende slyk is deur die beginsel van selektering van mikroorganismes ondersoek. Selektering van mikroorganismes in geaktiveerde slyk is toegepas deur n seleksie kompartement met 'n hoë substraatkonsentrasie, voor die groot belugtingsbak te plaas. Die aanvanklike resultate wat verkry is, het selektering van mikroorganismes en 'n verlaging in die SVI getoon, maar volledige selektering van mikroorganismes kon nie verkry word nie.

Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on information systems for project management in the South African Government with special attention to the Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme. Project data exchange standards and the suitability of these standards for project information management in the South African Government is reviewed. Information system technologies applicable to project management, with reference to computer programming languages, markup languages, communication technologies, Internet technologies, database technologies and document manipulation tools are discussed. Project information management forms are then discussed, followed by an overview of the flow of project information during the lifecycle of a project. The standards development organisation, ActionIt, and the project information management models developed by it are highlighted. A description of applications and a system that was implemented to illustrate the work covered in this thesis is provided with examples of the applications and the system. Hierna tesis fokus op inligting sisteme vir projekbestuur in die Suid Afrikaanse Regering met spesifieke verwysing na die Gekonsolideerde Munisipale Infrastruktuur Program. Standaarde vir die uitruil van projek inligting sowel as die toepaslikheid van hierdie standaarde vir die bestuur van projek inligting in die Suid Afrikaanse Regering word bespreek. Informasie sisteem tegnologiee wat van toepassing is op die bestuur van projek inligting word behandel en sluit in: rekenaar programerings tale, 'markup' tale, kommunikasie tegnologiee, Internet tegnologiee, databasis tegnologiee en gereedskap om dokumente te manipuleer. Verskillende projek vorms word behandel gevolg deur 'n beskrywing van die vloei van data gedurende 'n projek se leeftyd. "n Beskrywing van ActionIT, 'n organisasie vir die neerle van standaarde vir gebruik in die Suid Afrikaanse regering, sowel as die modelle wat deur ActionIT ontwikkel is vir die bestuur van projek inligting word gegee. Die toepassings en sisteem wat geimplimenteer is om die werk wat in hierdie tesis behandel is te demonstreer word gegee met voorbeelde van die toepassings en sisteem. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Connections are a vitally important part of any structural framework. Thisstatement may seem obvious, yet it is surprisinghow often insufficient attention is given to the design of this essential aspect of steelwork projects. This thesis concentrates on developing a specification for designing steel connections with the main emphasis on the practical and economical design of typical connections. The design methods of the specification are developed according to the new South African design code which is currently in draft form, namely SANS10162:Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel: Part 1: Limit States Design of hot-rolled steelwork - 2002. An object-oriented framework and associated graphical user interface for designing the connections are developed and implemented. The primary objectives of the implemented framework are: • Being generic in the sensethat it allows for easy addition of additional connection types, • To implement the design paradigm of the South African code, without fixing specific parameter values programmatically in the implementation and • To build on an existing architecture that allows for structural analysis,structural steel member design and distributed collaboration in the design process. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verbindings vorm In uiters belangrike deel van enige staal struktuur. Alhoewel hierdie stelling dalk vanselfsprekend mag wees, is dit egter verbasend hoe selde voldoende aandag aan die ontwerp van hierdie essensiëleaspek van staalwerk projekte gegee word. Hierdie tesis konsentreer op die ontwikkeling van In spesifikasievir die ontwerp van staal verbindings met die oog op praktiese en ekonomiese ontwerp van tipiese verbindings. Hierdie ontwerpmetodes isgebasseer op die nuwe Suid Afrikaanse ontwerpkode wat tans in proef-vorm is, naamlik SANS 10162: Gebruikskode vir Stoa/bouwerk: Dee/I: Grenstoestandontwerp vir warmgewa/ste staa/werk - 2002. In Objek orienteerde raamwerk en In geassosieerde grafiese gebruikerskoppelvlak word ontwikkel en geimplimenteer. Die primêre mikpunte van hierdie geimplimenteerde raamwerk is: • Om generies te wees in die sin dat dit die byvoeging van addisionele verbinding tipes toelaat, • Om die paradigma van die Suid Afrikaanse kode te implimenteer sonder om enige waardes van spesifieke parameters programmaties vas te lê, en • Om dit op In bestaande argitektuur te bou wat strukturele analise, strukturele ontwerp en verspreide samewerking in die ontwerpproses toelaat.

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa, and other developing countries, experience great problems concerning road traffic accidents. Despite road safety campaigns like Arrive Alive being launched, accident rates do not decline significantly and the problem is predicted to get worse. This study is done on a road in the Western Cape, the R44, to investigate the causes of road accidents. The causes of the accidents are deduced from the accident reports and relationships are sought with other factors. The results of this study are risk factors (human-, environment- and vehicle factors) for the 14 accident types that occurred on the R44, as well as measures to prevent road accidents. It has been found that the human factor plays the biggest role in road accidents. Out of the 404 accidents analysed, 77.7% were caused by human factors, 8.7% by unknown factors, 7.2% by environmental factors and 6.4% by vehicle factors. The problems experienced with the data quality are reported and recommendations concerning it are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika en ander ontwikkelende lande ervaar groot probleme met verkeersongelukke. Ten spyte van veldtogte soos Arrive Alive wat geloods word, neem ongelukskoerse nie beduidend af nie, en daar word voorspel dat die situasie nie gaan verbeter nie. Hierdie studie is op 'n pad in die Wes-Kaap, die R44, gedoen om die oorsake van padongelukke vas te stel. Die oorsake van ongelukke i s van die ongeluksvorms a fgelei, en verwantskappe is gesoek met ander faktore. Die resultate van die studie is risikofaktore (menslike-, omgewings- en voertuigfaktore) vir die 14 ongelukstipes wat op die R44 voorgekom het, asook voorkomingsmaatreëls om padongelukke te voorkom. Daar is gevind dat die menslike faktor die grootste oorsaak van ongelukke is. Uit die 404 ongelukke wat geanaliseer is, is 77.7% van die ongelukke deur menslike faktore, 8.7% van die ongelukke deur onbekende faktore, 7.2% van die ongelukke deur omgewingsfaktore en 6.4% van die ongelukke deur voertuigfaktore veroorsaak. In hierdie studie is probleme ondervind met die datakwaliteit, en daaroor is verslag gedoen en aanbevelings gemaak.

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This work investigates methods to theoretically determine the lateral velocity distribution across a river from which factors may be derived to translate a single point velocity into average velocity for the river as a whole. A wide range of field data from vanous nvers was analysed. This produced over a hundred velocity distributions with which to compare theoretical distribution results. Four theoretical approaches were considered: the one-dimensional method (Manning's equation), a two-dimensional flow formula solved as an initial-value-problem, a two dimensional flow formula solved as a boundary-value-problem and an empirical method developed from energy principles. The one-dimensional and initial-value-problem approaches were unsuccessful. The boundary-value and empirical approach did however produce promising results. Surprisingly the analysis of the field data revealed patterns of similarity which could produce accurate results without the need of a theoretical approach. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Metodes word ondersoek om teoreties 'n laterale snelheidsverspreiding oor 'n rivier te bepaal en sodoende 'n faktor te vind waarmee 'n gemete enkelpuntsnelheid in die rivier omgeskakel kan word na 'n gemiddelde snelheid vir die rivier in geheel. Vloeimeetdata van verskeie nviere IS geanaliseer. Sodoende is meer as 100 snelheidsverspreidings gegenereer waarmee die teorie vergelyk kon word. Vier teoretiese benaderings is gevolg: Manning se een-dimensionele vloeivergelyking, 'n twee dimensionele vloei-vergelyking opgelos met behulp van 'n beginwaarde, 'n twee dimensionele vloei-vergelyking opgelos met behulp van randwaardes, en 'n empiriese metode ontwikkel vanuit energie beginsels. Die een-dimensionele- en beginwaarde-benaderings was me suksesvol me. Die randwaarde- en empiriese benaderings het wel belowende resultate gelewer. Selfs verwerking van die gemete stroommetings het waardevolle inligting gelewer: daar bestaan duidelike ooreenkomste in die snelheidsverspreidings wat gebruik kan word om die verspreidingsfaktor mee te bereken sonder om teoretiese oplossings te soek.

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Up to this point in time research on the South African solar chimney, proposed for a site in the Northern Cape, comprised of determining the structural integrity of the chimney structure, as well as airflow calculation, finding the optimal shape for the airflow channels. Not much work had been done on the realisation of the foundation of the global structure, i.e. how the cardinal parts are optimized in an integrated system. The inlet guide vanes (IGV's) should be central in such research efforts, being the main support of gravitational and lateral wind load on the chimney structure, as well as its important role in channelling air and creating pre-swirl of the airflow onto the turbine blades. However, little detailed research - research to actually determine and fix the many variables of the IGV's and integration with surrounding parts - had been performed! In this thesis as many of these variables as possible are investigated - ranging from structural integrity with regard to compressive and shear strength through optimizing structure eigenfrequency to economic feasibility. The outcome of this study is conceptual solutions regarding the geometry of the IGV structures in order for it to support the chimney while minimizing material volume. Finite element methods are used to create insight into the behaviour of the IGV's and force transferring structures, incorporating external factors such as lateral wind and gravitational loadsto determine the optimal shape of these structures. This study is valuable for researchers on the solar chimney, serving as a reference from where to design and secure the variables of the global structure, and eventually building the solar chimney. Keywords: Solar chimney, inlet guide vanes, solar power, massive concrete structures, structural realisation, finite element application, structure optimisation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tot op hede het die navorsing op die Suid Afrikaanse sonskoorsteen, wat beplan word vir konstruksie in die Noordkaap, bestaan uit die bepaling van die integriteit van die struktuur asook lugvloei berekeninge om die optimale vorm van die lugvloei kanale te lewer. Min werk is gedoen om die fondasies van die globale struktuur, dus hoe die kardinale dele geïntegreer is in die gesamentlike sisteem, te ondersoek. Die inlaat lei lemme behoort sentraal te lê in sulke navorsingspogings aangesien dit die hoof ondersteuner en verspreider van gravitasie en laterale windlaste op die skoorsteen struktuur is. Dit speelook 'n integrale rol in die kanalisering van invloeiende lug om dit vooraf 'n vorteks beweging te gee vir 'n optimale invalshoek op die turbine lemme. Min gedetaileerde navorsing - navorsing om die verskeie onbekende faktore rondom die inlaat lei lemme en die omliggende strukture te bepaal - is tot op hede gedoen. Hierdie tesis mik om soveel moontlik van hierdie veranderlikes - wat reik van struktuur integriteit met betrekking tot die samedrukkings- en skuifsterktes in die materiaal tot die eie-frekwensies en ekonomiese vatbaarheid van die struktuur - vas te stel. Die uitkoms van hierdie studie is konseptueie oplossings vir die geometrie van die inlaat lei lem strukture wat terselfdertyd die totale struktuur se materiaal volume minimiseer. Eindige element metodes word gebruik om insig in die gedrag van die inlaat lei lemme en ander strukture wat krag oordra, te genereer. Die metodes inkorporeer soveel as moontlik van die eksterne faktore soos gravitasie en laterale windlas om die optimale geometrie vir die betrokke struktuur te bepaal. Hierdie studie is waardevol vir navorsers oor die sonskoorsteen en dien as 'n bron waaruit verdere ontwerp en die vasstel van veranderlikes in die globale struktuur gedoen kan word met die oog op die uiteindelike daarstelling van 'n sonskoorsteen.

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Presented here is an Eulerian scheme for solving the unsteady pipe-flow equations. It is called the Characteristic Dissipative Petrov-Galerkin finite element algorithm. It is based on Hicks and Steffler's open-channel finite element algorithm [5]. The algorithm features a highly selective dissipative interface, which damps out spurious oscillations in the pressure field while leaving the rest of the field almost unaffected. The dissipative interface is obtained through upwinding of the test shape functions, which is controlled by the characteristic directions of the flow field at a node. The algorithm can be applied to variable grids, since the dissipative interface is locally controlled. The algorithm was applied to waterhammer problems, which included reservoir, deadend, valve and pump boundary conditions. Satisfactory results were obtained using a simple one-dimensional element with linear shape functions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Euleriese skema word hier beskryf om die onbestendige pypvloei differensiaal vergelykings op te los. Dit word die Karakteristieke Dissiperende Petrov-Galerkin eindige element algoritme genoem. Die algoritme is gebaseer op Hicks en Steffler se oop-kanaal eindige element algoritme [5]. In hierdie algoritme word onrealistiese ossilasies in die drukveld selektief gedissipeer, sonder om die res van die veld te beinvloed. Die dissiperende koppelvlak word verkry deur stroomop weegfunksies, wat beheer word deur die karakteristieke rigtings in die vloeiveld, by 'n node. Die algoritme kan dus gebruik word op veranderbare roosters, omdat die dissiperende koppelvlak lokaal beheer word. Die algoritme was toegepas op waterslag probleme waarvan die grenskondisies reservoirs, entpunte, kleppe en pompe ingesluit het. Bevredigende resultate was verkry vir hierdie probleme, al was die geimplementeerde element een-dimensioneel met lineere vormfunksies.

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study sets out to describe the incipient motion process in cobble/boulder bed rivers in terms of the unit applied power approach. This objective has been met through the collection of data on stone movement from a total of thirteen flood events observed in two undisturbed rivers in the Western Cape, namely the Molenaars and Berg Rivers. The data were plotted on the original modified Liu diagram for incipient motion and it was found that the threshold of movement for the smaller stones did not conform with the portion of the Liu diagram which represents fully turbulent flow (i.e. where ~ gDs tv: = 0.12 for Re. >13). It was concluded that the only reason that could explain this deviation is the fact that the original modified Liu diagram had been derived for uniform particle size beds while the data of the Molenaars and Berg Rivers represent non-uniform particle size beds. This was proved through re-deriving the y-axis function of the original modified Liu diagram to include a factor that makes provision for the roughness of a non-uniform particle size bed. It was found that the average absolute roughness of the non-uniform particle size beds in the Molenaars and Berg Rivers is reasonably well approximated by a value of k=da. Design curves (in terms of the original modified Liu diagram parameters) for intensity of motion were also produced. Although it is not possible to read off accurate percentages of movement values directly from these curves, it should be possible to deduce reasonably accurate values in practical situations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie poog om die begin van beweging proses in klip/rotsbed riviere te beskryf in terme van die eenheids aangewende drywing metode. Hierdie doel is bereik deur die insameling van klipbewegingdata in 'n totaal van dertien vloedgebeurtenisse in twee ongerepte riviere in die Wes-Kaap, naamlik die Molenaars en Bergriviere. Die data was geplot op die oorspronklike aangepaste Liu diagram vir begin van beweging en dit was gevind dat die grens van beweging vir die kleiner klippe nie ooreenstem met die gedeelte van die Liu diagram wat volle turbulente vloei verteenwoordig nie (waar ~ gDs tv; = 0.12 vir Re. >13). Daar was tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die enigste rede wat die afwyking kan beskryf is die feit dat die oorspronklike aangepaste Liu diagram afgelei was vir uniforme partikelgrootte beddens terwyl die data van die Molenaars and Bergriviere nie-uniforme partikelgrootte beddens verteenwoordig. Dit was bewys deur die heratleiding van die y-as funksie van die oorspronklike aangepaste Liu diagram om 'n faktor in te sluit wat voorsiening maak vir die ruheid van 'n nie-uniforme partikelgrootte bed. Dit was gevind dat die gemiddelde absolute ruheid van die nieuniforme partikelgrootte beddens in die Molenaars en Bergriviere word redelik goed benaderd met 'n waarde van k=ds4• Ontwerpkurwes (in terme van die oorspronklike aangepaste Liu diagram parameters) vir intensiteit van beweging was ook ontwikkel. Alhoewel dit nie moontlik is om baie akkurate persentasies van beweging af te lees van die kurwes nie, is dit moontlik om akkuraat genoeg waardes te verkry in praktiese situasies.

Thesis (MscEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The environmental impacts of manmade changes to rivers are, in modern days, extremely important. The impact needs to be quantified in order to predict future happenings and to assist in determining preventative measures. Dam construction forms an essential part of modern life to provide the necessary water demand for the ever increasing population. One manmade change that has a major impact on rivers is large dam developments in the upper reaches of rivers. These developments normally have the following effects on the lower reaches of the river due to the change in flow regime: • Narrower main channel, • Deeper main channel, • Reduced sediment transport, • Changes in sediment erosion and deposition patterns, • Less frequent flood plain inundation, • Overgrown flood plains, • Changes in ecological and biological parameters. All the above mentioned factors play an important part in the stability of the ecological and biological parameters. Prior to construction of a dam, however, the baseline ecological, physical Ichemical, hydrological, hydraulic and social conditions of the river system, including its associated groundwater, estuarine and floodplain components, would need to be established, to allow clear identification of future changes as a result of implementation of the instream flow requirements (lFR), as well as to guide the post-construction monitoring programme itself. The discharge and sediment transport changes that might occur as a result of the Berg River Dam development was thoroughly investigated in this reseach. The physical processes and mathematical modelling that formed part of this investigation are discussed in this thesis. The mathematical modelling was carried out using MIKE 11, software developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute for Water and Environment. This program was developed especially for one dimensional modelling of hydrodynamics and sediment transport within a river system. The results obtained from the simulations were used to calculate a hydrodynamic and sediment mass balance for both the pre and post dam scenarios in the Berg River, Western Cape. The influence of artificial flood releases from the Berg River Dam which is currently under construction was also investigated. Most of the data needed for the calibration and verification of the mathematical model was obtained from field work. Suspended and bed load sediment samples were taken in order to aid in the calibration of the sediment transport model. The bed roughness coefficients of the various sections of the river were calibrated against actual recorded water levels measured during flood events that occurred in 2003 and 2004. An intensive study of the incipient motion of cobbles and boulders in the upper reaches of the Berg River was carried out. Unfortunately it has to be stated that the transport of cobbles and boulders cannot be simulated by most computer programs as almost all the transport models available are only defined up to a maximum diameter of 20mm. The lack of consistent sediment load data as well as the low rainfall during 2003 and 2004 presented problems during the calibration of the sediment transport model; it is therefore recommended that sediment load sampling is continued for at least two years in order to verify the calculated sediment yield for the various catchments. From this study it can be concluded that the Berg River Dam will have a significant effect on the downstream river morphology of the first 70 kilometres of the river. Thereafter the effect will decrease to a minimum. The proposed artifical flood releases are effective in reinstating the river to its present state. This study also showed that a fully hydrodynamic model of a large river system such as the Berg River can be calibrated and validated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die omgewingsimpak van mensgemaakte veranderinge in natuurlike riviere raak meer en meer belangrik. Hierdie impak moet gekwantifiseer word om sodoende toekomstige gebeurtenisse te verstaan en om die nodige voorkomingsmaatreëls in werking te stel. Om aan die waterbehoefte te voldoen vorm damkonstruksie 'n belangrike deel van die hedendaagse samelewing. Damme is moontlik een van die veranderinge aan die ewewig van riviere wat die grootste impak op die stroomaf dele van die rivier het. Die volgende veranderinge ten opsigte van die hoofkanaal word meestalopgemerk na die konstrukie van 'n dam in die hoërliggende dele van riviere: • Nouer hoofkanaal, • Dieper hoofkanaal, • Afname in die volume sediment wat vervoer word, • Veranderinge ten opsigte van die erosiepatrone, • Vloedvlaktes word minder oorstroom, • Toegegroeide vloedvlaktes, • Veranderings aan die ekologiese en biologiese parameters. Die bogenoemde faktore speel 'n belangrike rol ten opsigte van die stabiliteit van die ekologiese en biologiese veranderlikes. Alvorens die konstruksie begin moet die natuurlike ewewigstoestand van die rivier ten opsigte van die ekologiese, fisiese, chemiese, hidrologiese, hidrouliese, en sosiale faktore gemeet word. Dit moet gedoen word om sodoende toekomstige veranderinge wat moontlik mag plaasvind as gevolg van die damkonstruksie en die omgewingsloslatings te kwantifiseer. Hierdie metings word ook gebruik om die na - konstruksie monitering te evalueer. Die veranderinge ten opsigte van vloei en sedimentvervoer wat moontlik mag plaasvind as gevolg van die Berg Rivier Dam konstruksie is noukeuring ondersoek. Die fisiese prosesse as ook die wiskundige modelle wat gedurende hierdie studie aangewend is word in hierdie tesis bespreek. Al die wiskundige modellering is met MIKE 11 wat deur die Deense Instituut vir Water en Omgewing ontwikkel is, uitgevoer. Hierdie sagteware is spesifiek vir die een dimensionele simulasie van hidrodinamika en sediment vervoer van riviere ontwikkel. Die resultate wat verkry is, is gebruik om 'n hidrodinamiese en sedimentvervoer massabalans vir beide die voor - en na - dam toestande op te stel. Die effek van beheerde, kunsmatige vloede is ook ondersoek. Die meeste van die data wat benodig word om die wiskundige model the kalibreer is verkry deur fisiese veldwerk te doen. Sediment monsters is geneem gedurende die winter seisoen van 2003 en 2004. Hierdie data is gebruik om die sediment vervoer model te kalibreer. Die bodemruheid van die verskillende dele van die rivier is gekalibreer teen gemete vloedhoogtes tydens 2003 en 2004. 'n Deeglik studie van die begin van beweging van die groter partikels wat in die bolope van die Berg rivier aangetref word is uitgevoer. Ongelukkig moet dit genoem word dat hierdie een van die groot tekortkominge is van die model aangesien dit nie in die sedimentvervoer model ingekorporeer kan word nie omdat die meeste van die sedimentteorieë wat tans beskikbaar is net gedefinieer is tot 'n partikel groote van 20 mm. Die tekort aan deurlopende sediment lading data as ook die lae reënval gedurende 2003 en 2004 het probleme veroorsaak tydens die kalibrasie van die sedimentvervoer model. As gevolg hiervan word daar aanbeveel dat die insameling van sedimentdata vir ten minste nog twee jaar volgehou word ten einde die beskikbaarheid van sediment in die verskeie opvanggebiede deeglik na te gaan. Uit hierdie studie kan afgelei word dat die Berg rivier dam 'n beduidende effek op die morfologie van die eeste 70 kilometer van die Berg Rivier sal hê. Verder stoomaf sal die effek minder sigbaar wees. The beheerde kunsmatige vloedloslatings speel 'n beduidende rol in die normalisering van die sedimentvervoer van die Berg rivier. Hierdie studie toon dat 'n volledige hidrodinamiese model van 'n groot rivierstelsel gekalibreer kan word.