Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is true, to say that education in Venda in the Northern Province was experiencing and is still experiencing problems. Many schools in Venda - primary and secondary schools - have lost their vision. Statistics reveal that there is a large number of failures and dropouts at these schools with discipline dropping in almost all schools. Learners are no longer committed, they go to school late, they do not wear uniforms, they are not prepared to devote time and energy to their studies. They boycott classes and spend long periods of time not attending lessons. Daily classroom routines no longer receive their utmost attention, homework is not done resulting in many failing their examinations every year. In some of the schools, especially in the secondary schools, many learners are arrogant. They no longer respect their teachers and some schools have developed into battlefield - learners carry weapons such as guns to schools, they stab their teachers and principals with pangas and they also fight each other. The Research has revealed that many learners are unprepared for the responsibilities of being a student. On the other hand teachers also embark on strikes, sit-ins and chalk downs as some teachers are no longer loyal to their profession. They go to work late and leave early. At the end of the month they do not even go to work, while those that go, sometimes are unprepared for their lessons. Child (learners) abuse is also rife in some schools. There are also areas in the Province where learners do not receive stationeries, textbooks and prescribed books during the course of the year. Some learners are still taught in shanties built by the communities while some learners in the rural areas are still being taught outside, under trees. The research revealed that the situation which is prevailing in schools in the Venda area can be remedied by better relationship between the different stakeholders : parents, teachers, learners, Department, communities and churches. Of all the stakeholders, the parent is regarded as the primary educator since all others like . teachers, the Education Department, communities, churches etc. are assisting the parents in the task entrusted to them by God. The results also revealed that many parents in Venda do not participate in the education of their children causing poor results, high dropouts rate and the absence of discipline in the schools. Therefore, the role of parents in values education with special reference to the situation in Venda is significant. The effective involvement of the parents in these situations can be the best remedy. They are the most important stakeholders in creating conducive teaching and learning atmosphere. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word beweer dat onderwys in Venda, in die Noordelike Provinsie verskeie probleme in skole ervaar het en nogs steeds ervaar. Heelwat skole in Venda; primêr sowel as sekondêr, het hulle doelstellings ten opsigte van gesag, dissipline, leerdoelsteIlinge in die klaskamer en samewerking met ouers verloor. Statistieke bring aan die lig dat skole te doen het met In hoë druipsyfer, onderpresteerders, uitsakkers en vroeë skoolverlating. Gesag en dissipline verval in byna al die skole. Leerlinge is nie meer entoesiasties en toegewyd in hulle skoolwerk nie. Laatkommery is algemeen, hulle dra nie meer die voorgeskrewe skooldrag nie en hulle is nie bereid om hulle tyd en energie aan hulle studies te bestee nie. Leerlinge boikot hulle klasse en bry weg van die lesperiodes. Huiswerk end opdragte word geignoreer en die eindresultaat is dat baie leerlinge jaarliks druip. Verwaantheid onder leerlinge kom veral in die sekondêre skole voor. Leerlinge respekteer nie meer hulle onderwysers nie en die probleem het al so handuitgeruk dat sommige skole in In oorlogsveld ontaard het. Onderwysers en medeleerlinge se veiligheid word bedreig deur wapens wat skool toe gebring word. Voorvalle waar onderwysers en hoofde met messe gesteek is, het al voorgekom. Gevegte onder leerlinge is algemeen. Die ondersoek/navorsing het verder aan die lig gebring, dat, leerlinge nog nie gereed is om as verantwoordelike studente op te tree nie. Leiding en gesag is steeds nodig. Leerlinge kan egter nie alleen verantwoordelik gehou word vir hierdie probleme nie. Onderwysers neem ook deel aan wegblyaksies, daag laat by die skoolop, is onvoorbereid vir hulle dagtaak, verlaat die skool sonder toestemming en kom nie skool toe aan die einde van die maand nie. Mishandeling van leerlinge kom in sommige skole voor. In sekere gebiede in die Provinsie ontvang leerlinge nie betyds skryfbehoeftes, handboeke en voorgeskrewe boeke nie. Sommige skole ontvang geen boeke gedurende die jaar nie. Sommige leerlinge ontvang nog steeds onderrig in vervalle klaskamers wat lank gelede deur die gemeenskap gebou is, terwyl leerlinge in die landelike gedeeltes van Venda nog steeds onderrig buite onder die bome ontvang. Die ondersoek het aangetoon dat hierdie situasies wat in die skole in Venda heers herstel kan word deur 'n beter verhouding tussen die verskillende insethouers nl. ouers, onderwysers, leerlinge, die Department, gemeenskap en kerke te skep. Ouers word nog steeds beskou as die primêre opvoeders en word bygestaan en ondersteun deur die verskillende insethouers in hulle Godgegewe opvoedingstaak. Verdere resultate van die ondersoek toon aan dat baie ouers in Venda nie deel het aan die opvoeding van hulle kinders nie en dit lei tot swak eksamenuitslae, swak dissipline en vroeë skoolverlating in skole. Daarom is die rol van die ouer in die opvoeding van waardes met spesiale verwysing na die probleemsituasie in skole in Venda belangrik.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate .the need for a staff development programme for academics in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Durban-Westville. This thesis has five chapters. Chapter One is the introductory chapter and examines the nature of the study in relation to the aims of the study, sub-problems, various definitions of staff development and formulates a hypothesis. The hypothesis states that: "There is a definite need for an academic staff development programme in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Durban-Westville." This hypothesis is then followed by a motivation and rationale of the study followed by a discussion of background studies on staff development. The limitations, strengths and scope of the study are presented followed by some preliminary considerations. Chapter Two provides an in-depth examination of staff development. It begins with a critical discussion of the various philosophies that underpin staff development practices. These philosophies include positivism, hermeneutics and the political nature of staff development. This is followed by a discussion on the goals of higher education and its link to staff development. Special reference is made to the South African context, quality assurance in South African universities and staff development programmes at the Historically Black Universities. Thereafter, an in-depth discussion of the link between teaching and learning is presented. This is accomplished by referring to theories of teaching and learning in higher education. Once this is completed, the entire spectrum of staff development activities is presented. This discussion begins with a description of the various competencies of the lecturer followed by a presentation of two models on staff development. The following staff development practices are then discussed in detail: induction programmes, seminars and workshops, reflective teaching and self-directed practice, mentoring, consultation, personal growth contracts, the cascades method and micro-teaching. This discussion is consolidated by presenting the case of the University of Durban- Westvi11e and motivating for the need for academic staff development in the Faculty of Arts. Chapter Three presents the research design and methodology - it outlines the steps undertaken in the current study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of research were utilized. The primary means of collecting data was the survey which included the dissemination of questionnaires to both third year students and lecturers in the Faculty of Arts. Students were selected from the population of third year students in the Faculty of Arts. A proportional stratified randomized sampling procedure was applied to both the population of staff and students. Chapter Four presents the analysis of the data in a systematic way. The student questionnaire is analyzed followed by an analysis of the staff questionnaire. These results are presented in table form, followed by a discussion. There are 38 tables in this chapter. Chapter Five is the final chapter that presents the conclusions drawn from the study and provides recommendations for the establishment of a staff development programme. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die behoefte te bepaal vir 'n personeelontwikkelingsprogram vir akademici in die Fakulteit Geesteswetenskappe aan die Universiteit van Durban-Westville. Hoofstuk Een is die inleidende hoofstuk en ondersoek die aard van die navorsing in verhouding tot die doelwitte daarvan, subprobleme, verskeie definisies van personeelontwikkeling, en formuleer 'n hipotese. Die hipotese stel dit so: ''Daar is 'n besliste behoefte aan 'n personeelontwikke1ingsprogram in die Fakulteit Geesteswetenskappe aan die Universiteit van Durban-Westville." Hierdie hipotese word dan gevolg deur 'n motivering en 'n grondrede vir die navorsing. 'n Bespreking van die agtergrondstudies oor personeelontwikkeling volg daarop. Die beperkinge, sterk punte en omvang van die navorsing word dan voorge1e. Daarna volg 'n paar inleidende beskouinge. Hoofstuk twee bied 'n diepgaande ondersoek na personeelontwikkeling. Dit begin met 'n kritiese bespreking van die verskillende filosofiee wat onderliggende is aan personeelontwikkelingspraktyke. Hierdie filosofieë sluit positivisme, hermeneutiek en die politieke aard van personeelontwikkeling in. Dit word gevolg deur 'n bespreking van die doelwitte van hoër onderwys en die verband wat dit met personeelontwikkeling het. Daar word in die besonder verwys na die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, gehalteversekering in Suid-Afrikaanse unversiteite en personeelontwikkelingsprogramme by Histories Swart Universiteite. Daarna volg 'n diepgaande bespreking van die verband tussen onderrig en leer, waartydens daar na onderrig en leer-teorieë in die hoër onderwys verwys word. Vervolgens word die totale spektrum van personeelontwikkelingsaktiwiteite ondersoek. Hierdie bespreking begin met 'n beskrywing van die verskillende bevoegdhede waaraan dosente moet voldoen, en word gevolg deur 'n voorlegging van twee personeelontwikkelingsmodelle. Die volgende personeelontwikkelingspraktyke word dan in besonderhede bespreek: orientingsprogramme, seminare en werkswinkels, reflektiewe onderwys en selfgerigte praktyk, mentorskap, konsultasie, persoonlike ontwikkelingskontrakte, die "cascades method" en mikro-onderrig. Hierdie bespreking word dan saamgevat deur die saak van die Universiteit van Durban-Westville te stel. Die behoefte aan personeelontwikkeling vir akademici in die Fakulteit Geesteswetenskappe, word gemotiveer. In Hoofstuk drie word die navorsingsontwerp en -metodologie uiteengesit. Dit verduidelik die prosedure wat gevolg is in die navorsing. Beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe ondersoekmetodes is gebruik. Die primere metode om data in te samel, was die meningsopname wat die uitstuur van vraelyste vir beide derdejaarstudente en dosente in die Fakulteit Geesteswetenskappe ingesluit het. Studente is gekies uit die derdejaarstudente in die Fakultiet Geesteswetenskappe. 'n Proporsioneel gestratifiseerde ewekansige monsternemingsprosedure is toegepas op beide die personeel en die studente. Hoofstuk Vier bied 'n sistematiese ontleding van die response op die vraelyste. Die studente se response op die vraelyste is ontleed en daarna is 'n ontleding van die personeel se vraelyste gedoen. Die uitslae hiervan word in tabelvorm voorgelê en word daarna bespreek.

Thesis (MEd) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study looks at the structural and conceptual trends underlying the development of outcomes-based education. Part of the democratisation process of South African education involves the introduction of a system of outcomes-based education (OBE) in South African schools. Proponents of OBE claim that it constitutes a radical break from the previous apartheid education system. For this reason OBE is viewed as a transformational perspective on the curriculum. Viewed against this backdrop OBE strives to guarantee success for all learners; to empower learners in a learner-centred environment thus creating a critical, investigative, creative, problem-solving, communicative future-orientated citizen (Department of Education 1997:10). However, after doing an analysis and an interpretation of the White Paper on Education and Training (1996), it appears as if OBE with its "fixed" outcomes has a tendency to manipulate and control learners. The analysis shows that OBE stifles learners' critical, investigative, creative and problem-solving ability. The study also reveals that as a result of globalisation there is a global discourse on knowledge production which assumes that unless our system of education conforms with this global reality, our education could be considered as being of an inferior quality. The findings of the research suggest that OBE with its fixed outcomes cannot engender transformation on its own. Rational reflection, creativity and imagination need to be imbedded in practices of teaching and learning. By doing this, OBE could offer transformative opportunities for school communities at large. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om die strukturele en konseptuele tendens onderliggend aan die ontwikkeling van UGO (Uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys) te ondersoek. Die bekendstelling van 'n UGO model in skole word gesien as deel van die demokratiseringsproses wat binne die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysstelsel plaasvind. Ondersteuners van UGO is dit eens dat UGO radikaal wegbeweeg van die apartheidsonderwysstelsel. Om hierdie rede word UGO dus gesien as 'n transformatoriese perspektieftot die kurikulum. Teen hierdie agtergrond streef UGO daama om sukses te waarborg vir alle leerders in 'n leerlinggesentreerde omgewing. Op die manier wil UGO 'n kritiese, ondersoekende, skeppende, probleemoplossende, kommunikatiewe en toekomsgerigte landsburger skep. Nadat daar egter 'n analitiese studie van die Witskrif vir Onderwys en Opleiding (1996) gedoen is wil dit tog voorkom asofUGO eerder daarop gemik is om leerders te manipuleer en te beheer. Trouens, die huidige diskoers oor kennisproduksie aanvaar dat indien 'n land se opvoeding nie die realiteit van globalisasie in ag neem nie word dit as minderwaardig beskou. Die bevindinge van die navorsmg stel voor dat UGO, met sy vaste uitkomste, wemige verandering alleen kan meebring. Daar word dus aan die hand gedoen dat indien rasionaliteit, kreatiwiteit en verbeeldingrykheid deel sou vorm van onderwys en leer dit op so 'n manier uitkomste kan komplementeer en sodoende betekenisvolle transformasie in die onderwys kan bewerkstellig.

Thesis (MEd)--Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 1994 the South African government has been committed to the transformation of the educational system driven by the process of democratisation. Inclusive education, as a recent initiative in education, finds its philosophical position within the niche created by the democratic ideal of freedom. equality and justice. Both the teacher and teacher training are key elements within the process of educational transformation. Successful transformation in the schools and classrooms depends upon a change of heart on the part of every teacher in the school. The establishment of a democratic way of life in learners and the successful implementation of inclusive education require that the whole school community, including the teachers, undergo a paradigm shift. The primary purpose of the study was to obtain a clear picture of the teachers' democratic values and their attitude to inclusive education as well as the relationship between their democratic/autocratic orientations and their attitude to inclusive education. The study was done using mainly qualitative research, but it also had a small quantitative component, which was limited to the data collection and data analysis phases. The research findings may be described as follows: • The participating teachers are still in a transitional phase on the road to the transformation of school and classroom practice and are resisting the renewal in education. • Although they find the philosophic underpinnings of inclusive education acceptable, they do not see themselves as ready for the implementation phase. • There is a significant correlation between the teachers' democratic/ autocratic orientations and their attitude to inclusive education. The findings of this study have critical implications for teacher training within a process of transformation, such as we are in at present. During an in-service training programme teachers should be brought to the point where they can place their own values, and attitudes under the microscope and to change them. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert 1994 is die Suid-Afrikaanse regering verbind tot die transformering van die onderwyssisteem soos gestuur deur In proses van demokratisering. Inklusiewe onderwys as In onlangse inisiatief in die onderwys vind 'n filosofiese staanplek binne die nis soos deur die demokratiese ideaal van vryheid, gelykheid en regverdigheid geskep. Beide die onderwyser en onderwyseropleiding is sleutelelemente binne 'n proses van transformasie in die onderwys. Suksesvolle transformasie in skole en klaskamers is afhanklik van In persoonlike harts- en wilsverandering van elke onderwyser in die skool. Die vestiging van In demokratiese lewenswyse by leerders en die suksesvolle implementering van inklusiewe onderwys vra dus In paradigmaskuif van die hele skoolgemeenskap, insluitende die onderwyser. Die doel van hierdie studie was eerstens om In duidelike beeld te verkry van onderwysers se demokratiese waardes, hulle houding teenoor inklusiewe onderwys en ook die verband tussen hulle demokraties/outokratiese orientasies en hulle houding teenoor inklusiewe onderwys. Die ondersoek is gedoen aan hand van In oorwegend kwalitatiewe studie, maar met In klein kwantitatiewe komponent wat net in die data-insamelings- en -analisefases gefigureer het. Die navorsingsbevindinge kan as volg aangedui word: • Die deelnemende onderwysers bevind hulle nog in In oorgangsfase na die transformering van die skool- en klaskamerpraktyk en bied weerstand teen die vernuwing in die onderwys. • Alhoewel die filosofiese begronding van inklusiewe onderwys vir hulle aanvaarbaar is, beskou hulle hulleself nie as gereed vir die implementeringsfase nie. • In Beduidende verband is bevind tussen onderwysers se demokraties/outokratiese orientasles en hulle houding teenoor inklusiewe onderwys. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie hou krities-belangrike implikasies in vir onderwyseropleiding binne In proses van transformasie van die onderwyssisteem soos tans die geval. Onderwysers behoort binne In indiens-opleidingsprogram begelei te word om eie waardes, oortuigings en houdings onder loep te neem en te verander.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The process of educational transformation in South Africa was characterised by the creation of a coherent policy and legislative framework (e.g. Constitution; South African Schools Act, 1996) that would form the basis for systematic changes. My concern is if or to what extend the transformational goals of access, redress, equality, quality, freedom and participation manifest itself in public high schools, particularly those schools from historically disadvantaged communities. Engaging in an interpretive and critical analysis of data (South African Schools Act, 1996 and diverse educator voices), I explore the conceptual and pragmatic links between different nuances of democracy in schools. There seem to be huge gaps between policy and practice. As the transformation of the education system is inseparable from the total transformation of our nation, I contend that the education landscape needs to be reviewed. A rigorous multi-facetted approach by all role players is necessary in order to meet the complexity of challenges to the process of transforming the education system of South Africa, in order to bring about a deep democracy. KEY WORDS: Education, transformation, democracy, participation, equality and quality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proses van onderwys-transformasie in Suid-Afrika is gekenmerk deur die daarstelling van 'n koherente beleids-en wetgewende raamwerk (o.a. Konstitusie; Suid-Afrikaanse Skolewet, 1996), wat die grondslag van sistematiese veranderinge sou vorm. My besorgdheid is of, en tot watter mate die transformasie-doelwitte van toeganklikheid, regstelling, gelykheid, kwaliteit, vryheid en deelname in publieke hoërskole gemanifesteer word - veral dié skole in histories benadeelde samelewings. Verbind tot 'n interpretatiewe- en kritiese data-analise van die Suid-Afrikaanse Skolewet en menings van diverse onderwyslui, ondersoek ek die konseptueie en pragmatiese skakeling tussen verskillende nuanses aangaande demokrasie in skole. Daar blyk groot gapings tussen beleid en praktyk te wees. Omdat die transformasie van die onderwysstelselonlosmaaklik deel vorm van die totale transformasie van ons nasie, voer ek aan dat die opvoedkundige landskap dringend in heroënskou geneem moet word. 'n Daadwerklike, multi-fassettige benadering deur alle rolspelers is nodig ten einde die komplekse uitdagings ten opsigte van die transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwys die hoof te bied, en sodoende 'n diep demokrasie tot stand te bring. SLEUTELWOORDE: Onderwys, transforrnasie, demokrasie, deelname, gelykheid en kwaliteit.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There are many new developments in the field of schooling. Some of these developments - school based management, new curriculum developments and devolution of control to the school level have brought with it policy changes. Many educational leaders are struggling to keep pace with these changes that are taking place in the management of education. Others are struggling against the changes, while possibly not fully understanding the dynamics of these changes. In a time of rapid political and social change, the need for spelling out the concomitants of educational leadership has become both necessary and essential. Planned quality intervention by the state has completely underestimated the lack of managerial competencies among educational leaders. Quality in leadership is not a luxury item in educational transformation, changes in leadership are in fact central to instilling the democratic values and principles which underpin the new educational policies. There must also be a comprehensive strategy which addresses educational leadership as a school-wide intervention. There needs to be a more coordinated effort between provincial education departments and schools to bring their collective resources to bear on school quality change; but the process must be prioritised and co-ordinated by the state. This assignment seeks to establish what challenges and constraints educational leaders face in their attempts to effect transformation in South Africa. It details the daily strategies and plans used by educational leaders as they go about running their schools. Strategic opportunities in the policy field should be harnessed to drive education quality improvements. It is vital to link in-service development to policy implementation. Ultimately the monitoring and evaluation system in place must track the impact of the changes more carefully. This would allow departments to define future poiicies and programmes based on informed choices about which quality interventions make a difference. This is critical since the evidence shows that most changes have not always resulted in the planned leadership improvements. There is no reason for this trend to continue as this research shows that many schools have considerable advantages working in their favour: a relatively stable schooling infrastructure, a growing corps of qualified educational leaders and a policy environment in which there is optimism about change and transformation in the school sector. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is huidiglik vele nuwe ontwikkelinge in die onderwysstelsel. Sommige van die ontwikkelinge: skool - gebaseerde bestuur, nuwe kurrikulum ontwikkelinge en die afwenteling van bestuur na skoolvlak, het verskeie beleidsveranderinge meegebring. Vele onderwysleiers vind dit problematies om tred te hou met die veranderinge in die bestuur van opvoeding. Ander weer, toon 'n weerstand teen die veranderinge, moontlik omdat hulle nie die dinamika van die verandering verstaan nie. In 'n tyd van politieke en sosiale veranderinge, is dit belangrik en noodsaaklik om gepaardgaande verskynsels van onderwysleierskap na vore te bring. Beplande bevoegde toetredings van die staat het die tekorte aan bestuursbekwaamheid van onderwysleiers heeltemalonderskat. Bevoegdheid in leierskap kan nie geag word as 'n luukse item in onderwystransformasie nie. Veranderinge in leierskap is inderdaad sentraal tot die vaslegging van die demokratiese waardes en beginsels wat die nuwe onderwysbeleidsverklaringe ondersteun. Daar moet 'n allesomvattende strategie en -toetreding wees, wat onderwys leierskap as 'n skool aangeleentheid aanspreek. Daar word 'n skool gekoordineerde poging tussen provinsiale onderwysdepartemente en skole benodig om hulle kollektiewe hulpbronne toe te wy aan skoolkwaliteitsveranderinge, maar die proses moet deur die staat gekoordineer en goedgekeur word. Hierdie werkstuk poog om te bepaal watter uitdagings en beperkinge opvoedkundige leiers in die gesig staar in hul pogings om by te dra tot tranformasie in Suid-Afrika. Die strategieë en metodes wat deur opvoedkundige leiers gebruik, word in die daaglikse bestuur van instellings, word gespesifiseer. Dit is belangrik om onderwysontwikkeling aan beleidsimplementering te koppel. Die monitering en evalueringstelsels wat in plek is, moet noodwendig tred hou met die gevolge van die veranderinge. Dit sal toelaat dat departemente hul toekomstige beleide en programme, op ingeligte en kwaliteitstoetredings baseer, wat 'n verskil maak. Dit is krities, want bewyse dui aan dat veranderinge nie altyd in die beplande leierskapverbeteringe eindig nie. Daar is geen rede vir die veloop van gebeurtenisse nie, want die studie wys dat die skole aansienlike voordele in hul guns het: 'n betreklike stabiele skoolinfrastruktuur; 'n groeiende komponent van onderwysleiers, en 'n beleidsomgewing waarin daar optimisme oor veranderinge en transformasie in die opvoedingssektor is.

Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The transformation of education in South Africa has provided broader and better opportunities to school communities to make more purposeful and effective changes to the culture of learning. The primary focus of this research is to accentuate the importance of school policy and its role in the management structure of the school. The new South African Schools Act (1996) allows for greater parent involvement, responsibility, power and rights. Consequently the governing body has been allocated decision-making powers regarding school policy formulation. A literature study to discuss the broad concept of educational policy and related concepts such as education system, governance and school policy, was undertaken. There was a specific focus on three policy areas, namely admission policy, discipline policy and uniform policy as well as the formulation of policy in schools. Empirical research was done at six selected schools through unstructured interviews with the persons concerned to collect the data. Policy gives direction, serves as a point of departure and gives power to the organisation. Written policy documents were absent at most of the schools due to the fact of insufficient training in policy formulation. Recommendations from the literature study could be useful to schools in fulfilling their needs. Key words: School policy; School management; Governance; Admission policy; Discipline policy; Uniform policy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die transformasie van die onderwysstelsel in Suid-Afrika bied groter en beter geleenthede vir skoolgemeenskappe om doelgerigte en effektiewe veranderinge aan die leerkultuur te maak. Die primêre doel van die navorsing is om die belangrikheid van skoolbeleid en die rol wat dit speel in die bestuurstrukture van die skool, te beklemtoon. Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Skolewet (1996) het groter ouerbetrokkenheid, verantwoordelikheid, regte en magte verleen, met ander woorde die beheerliggaam het besluitnemingsbevoegdhede rakende die skool ten opsigte van beleidsformulering. 'n Literatuurstudie om die oorkoepelende begrip onderwysbeleid te bespreek en aanverwante begrippe soos, onderwysstelsel, beheer en skoolbeleid te verduidelik, is onderneem. Daar was spesifiek gelet op drie beleidsareas naamlik: toelatings, dissipline en uniformbeleid asook die formulering van 'n skoolbeleid. Die beIeidsareas is bespreek aan die hand van riglyne uit die Skolewet en die ontleding van data wat verkry is uit die ondersoek. 'n Empiriese ondersoek is by ses geselekteerde skole gedoen en die nodige data is deur ongestruktureerde onderhoudvoering met belanghebbendes bekom. Beleid gee rigting, dien as 'n vertrekpunt en gee mag aan 'n organisasie. Geskrewe beleidsdokumente het by meeste van die skole ontbreek en dit kan toegeskryf word aan 'n tekort aan opleiding in die formulering van skoolbeleid. Aanbevelings uit die literatuur kan deur die skole gebruik word indien dit die skool se behoefte bevredig. Sleutelwoorde: Skoolbeleid; Skoolbestuur; Beheer; Dissiplinebeleid; Toelatingsbeleid; Uniformbeleid.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the light of the emphasis on the decentralization of school management in South Africa, the empowerment of all role players to be involved in decision-making has became crucial. My concern is with the experience of the process of empowerment by leaders in education. The implications of empowerment or the lack there-off for the school culture and climate, as well as the underlying role played by the leadership approach of educational leaders, are examined. By engaging in an interpretative analysis of data (questionnaires which contains the views of various role players) I examined the relationship between empowerment, school culture and climate, as well as transformational leadership. Empowerment is not a simplistic concept which is clear from the mutual coherence between the school culture and climate and the particular role assumed by the transformational approach. The particular interaction between transformational leadership, empowerment and the school culture and climate implies greater clarity from all role players about the impact of empowerment. In this way participative management can realise in a spontaneous manner and can change be seen as a unique opportunity to improve teaching and learning. KEY WORDS Empowerment, school culture and climate and transformational leadership. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die lig van die klem op die desentralisasie van skoolbestuur in Suid-Afrika is die bemagtiging van alle rolspelers tot effektiewe deelname in besluitneming onontbeerlik. My besorgdheid is met die belewing van die proses van bemagtiging deur onderwysleiers. Die implikasies van bemagtiging of die gebrek daaraan vir die skoolkultuur en -klimaat, asook die onderliggende rol wat die leierskapbenadering van die onderwysleiers in die verband speel, is ook ondersoek. Verbind tot 'n interpretatiewe data-analise (vraelyste met die menings van verskeie rolspelers daarin vervat) het ek die verband tussen bemagtiging, skoolkultuur en -klimaat en transformatiewe leierskap ondersoek. Bemagtiging is nie 'n simplistiese begrip nie dit blyk onder meer uit die onderlinge samehang daarvan met skoolkultuur en -klimaat en die besondere rol wat die transformatiewe leierskapbenadering veronderstel. Die besondere wisselwerking tussen transformatiewe leierskap, bemagtiging en skoolkultuur en -klimaat vereis 'n groter duidelikheid by alle rolspelers oor die impak van bemagtiging. Sodoende realiseer deelnemende bestuur spontaan en word verandering as 'n besondere geleentheid beskou om onderrig en leer voortdurend te verbeter. SLEUTELWOORDE Bemagtiging, skoolkultuur en -klimaat en transformatiewe leierskap

Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 1994. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 1986 a new English Second Language syllabus for the Junior and Senior Secondary Course was introduced in the Cape· Province. The overall aim of the syllabus is communicative competence and it advocates a communicative approach (CA) to teaching English Second Language. At the inception of the communicative approach most teachers were i~rnorant of what it comprised and this study undertook to determine whether teachers understood what Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) was and if they applied it in their teaching. At first the demands of society and how this had influenced language teaching through the ages was investigated. Communicative competence was demanded at different stages in history and it is at these different stages where the CA has its roots. Many of the principles of the CA, it was discovered, had been applied by teachers and theorists many centuries ago. Teachers and theorists who teach language for communication see language in a different light. Language and its unique properties are investigated, and with an emphasis · on language as communication. Different ways of using language to communicate are investigated and questions like ''Where does meaning reside? What are the kinds of meaning?" and "How can we control meaning?" are discussed. Prior to the introduction of the CA, second language teaching had been devoted to mastery of structures. However, with the new insights gained about language and meaning, the focus shifted to meaning in coherent discourse rather than on discrete forms. With the shift in focus teachers also had to adjust their teaching to meet the demands. At this stage a brief discussion of the CA and the essentials of a communicative curriculum is provided. The comparison between traditional and communicative approaches is made. An account of CLT methodology is given, including exploration of communicative competence. Many practical examples of CLT are explained. In the empirical study a questionnaire was distributed to the ESL teachers at thirty schools in the Boland and Northern Suburbs of Cape Town. The aim of the research was to determine whether ESL teachers teach communicatively. The findings of the study were that teachers who were trained before 1986 and those trained subsequently have a limited view of the CA. Consequently they cannot apply it to their teaching and seem to revert to a structural interpretation of the syllabus. This study then, confirms that teachers do not have a full understanding of what the CA comprises and consequently teachers do not teach "communicatively". / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 1986 is 'n nuwe Engels Tweede Taal sillabus vir die Junior en Senior Sekondere Kursus ingestel vir die Kaapprovinsie. Die oorhoofse doelstelling was kommunikatiewe bevoegdheid en dit stel voor 'n kommunikatiewe benadering (KB) in die onderrig van Engels Tweede Taal. Met die bekendstelling van die benadering was die meeste onderwysers onbewus daarvan studie onderneem om te bepaal of die kommunikatiewe taalonderrig behels en onderrig toegepas het. en is daar met hierdie onderwysers verstaan wat of hulle dit in hulle Eerstens is die eise van die gemeenskap en hoe van taal deur die eeue beinvloed het, bestudeer. bevoegdheid is op verskillende tye deur die dit die onderrig Kommunikatiewe loop van die geskiedenis vereis en dit is juis aan hierdie verskillende tye wat die kommunikatiewe benadering sy ontstaan te danke het. Dit is ontdek dat van die beginsels van die kommunikatiewe benadering al van vroee tye toegepas is deur onderwysers en teoriste. Onderwysers en teoriste wat taal onderrig vir kommunikasie sien taal in 'n ander lig. Taal en die unieke eienskappe daarvan word ondersoek en taal as kommunikasie word beklemtoon. Verskillende wyses waarop taal gebruik kan word om te kommunikeer word ondersoek en vrae soos: "Waar is betekenis gesetel? Wat is die soorte betekenis?" en "Hoe kan betekenis beheer word?" word bespreek. Voor die bekendstelling van die KB is taalonderrig beperk tot die bemeestering van taal strukture. Helaas, met die nuwe insigte wat verkry is van taal en betekenis het die klem verskuif na verb~ndhoudende diskoers eerder as op sinsontleding. Met die klemverskuiwing moes onderwysers ook hul onderrig aanpas om aan die eise te voldoen. 'n Bondige bespreking van die kommunikatiewe benadering en die voorvereistes van 'n kommunikatiewe kurrikulum word gegee. Daar word ook onderskeid getref tussen tradisionele en kommunikatiewe benaderings. 'n Kommunikatiewe taalonderrig-metodologie word voorsien en kommunikatiewe bevoegdheid word ook bespreek. praktiese voorbeelde verduidelik. van kommunikatiewe taalonderrig Baie word In die empiriese studie Engels Tweede Taal in is 'n vraelys aan die onderwysers van dertig hoer skole van die Boland en Noordelike voorstede van Kaapstad gestuur. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of Engels tweede taal onderwysers kommunikatief onderrig. Die bevindinge van die studie was dat be ide onderwysers wat voor 1986 opgelei is en daarna, 'n beperkte siening van die kommunikatiewe benadering het. Gevolglik kan hulle nie die benadering toepas nie en wil dit voorkom of hulle 'n strukturele vertolking van die sillabus volg. Die studie bevestig dus dat onderwysers nie die kommunikatiewe benadering ten volle verstaan nie en gevolglik kan die onderwysers nie kommunikatief onderrig nie.

Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Leadership development is a life-long process, but support for this process should be started at an early stage. All learners have the gift for leadership, but most do not realise this gift. Adolescence is a time when the leadership potential of individuals must be awakened – it provides an opportunity to help adolescents to became the leaders they already are. The main aim of this study was to devise strategies – through structured survey studies – that could be used by schools and individuals to enhance youth leadership development. The aims that emerged were to determine and describe the current state of affairs regarding youth leadership development in certain schools. Obstacles in the way of effective leadership development were identified and strategies for effective leadership development were formulated. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, undertaken from a structured survey study perspective within an interpretivistic research paradigm, was used. The problem that was researched was the absence of purposeful youth leadership development and how this shortcoming could be addressed in the context of a high school environment, with the support of the necessary development strategies. This study attempted to identify new knowledge that can be used to address the challenges related to youth leadership. The research confirmed the research question that deficient purposeful leadership development strategies exist at school level. This formed the basis for the implementation of a dynamic and flexible leadership development model that includes aspects of both the Quality Leadership and Stage model of youth leadership development. The proposed youth leadership strategies can be applied effectively to address youth leadership development within the current South African context.