The agreements concluded by means of distant communication ("distance contracts") are one of the two types of Consumer Agreements explicitly defined by the Civil Code (the other type being agreements concluded outside usual business premises, "door-to-door contracts"). Consumer Agreements are not a stand-alone contractual type, but merely a specific term for those traditional contractual types (e.g. purchase agreement, agreement for work) concluded between a consumer and a supplier. For the purposes of Consumer Agreements, the supplier is defined as a person acting in the framework of his trade or other business activity, while the consumer is on the contrary a person who doesn't act in the framework of his trade or other business activity. It was the need to establish the higher standard of protection towards consumers (as a weaker contractual party) that led to the introduction of the new instrument of Consumer Agreements into the legal framework. The introduction took place through the Act No. 367/2000 Coll., which implemented into the Czech law three EC directives, namely the Council Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts, the Council Directive 85/577/EEC to protect the consumer in respect of contracts negotiated away from business premises, and finally the Directive of the...

This thesis deals with the rights and obligations of parties to consumer contracts, where on the one hand is the consumer and the entrepreneur on the other. The thesis focuses on consumer distance contracts. The rule of law is protecting the consumer as a weaker party, and so the legislation strengthens the consumer's position. This tendency is even more significant for distance contracts, given that the distance nature of contracting may further disadvantage consumers. The thesis is divided into three thematic sections, preceded by definitions of terms that are crucial to the chosen topic of the thesis. The individual thematic sections of the tesis are subsequently: information obligations of entrepreneurs, withdrawal from the contract and rights arising from a defective performance. The first part deals with the various information obligations of the entrepreneur with a division into the information obligations resulting from the Civil Code and then from other legal regulations. The summary of this section is a simple list of mandatory information demonstrated on the model case. The second part is devoted to analyzing a specific institute for consumer distance contracts, namely withdrawal from the contract without giving a reason within a fourteen-day period. The third part defines the rights...

Consumer law is harmonised at European Union level, however, even though there are still differences in the legislation of individual states. The aim of this thesis is to describe and compare the Czech and Spanish legislation relating to consumer distance contracts and contracts concluded away from business premises. The thesis is divided into four chapters that firstly analyse the issue in both countries separately, and then provide a partial comparison. The thesis deals with an overview of the sources of consumer law, consumer policy institutions and organisations, definitions of basic concepts relating to consumer contracts, the general rules relating to all consumer contracts and at the conclusion with specific conditions that must be followed when concluding distance contracts and contracts away from business premises.

The main purpose of diploma thesis - Consumers protection during the process of contracting - was to analyze the consumer protection legislation at national level and European level. Thesis deals with consumers protection during the process of contracting in Czech Republic with closer focus on distance contracts and off-premises contracts. The general part of thesis provides a comprehensive insight into the private, public and European regulation of consumer law, as well as it summarizes basic concepts and consumer contracts more in detail. Two chapters of the general part are devoted to the distance contracts and to the off-premises contracts. Analytical part of thesis is based on quantitative research made by me. These results are compared with the results of two European surveys (Eurobarometers). The aim of the research was to define the attitude of Czech consumers to the consumer law, protection of the consumer rights and also find out more about their approach within the distance contracts.

C’est à la faveur de l’émergence d’une économie de marché, puis récemment de la révolution technologique que le droit de la consommation a connu un développement considérable. Dès lors, la protection du consommateur s’est imposée comme le moyen de rééquilibrer les rapports inégalitaires entre le consommateur, considéré comme partie faible dans une relation contractuelle devenue complexe et le professionnel à qui le rapport de force est favorable. Dans un tel contexte, l’intérêt d’une étude de la protection du consommateur en droit libyen à la lumière du droit français se précise et peut se décliner sous deux axes : d’une part, il est stimulant scientifiquement de comprendre comment un Etat comme la Libye, dont l’ouverture au monde et le développement du secteur privé sont très récents, intègre la protection du consommateur dans son système juridique. D’autre part, le rapprochement avec le droit français présente une plus-value dans la mesure où il s’agit, à travers le droit de la consommation français plus développé, de mesurer le niveau de protection du consommateur en droit libyen. La pertinence de l’usage de l’approche comparative dans le cadre de cette recherche réside dans l’une des fonctions même du droit comparé, à savoir qu’il est un moyen de perfectionnement du droit positif national. Ici, l’hypothèse de départ était que le droit de la consommation en Libye est sous-développé par rapport au droit de la consommation en France. La méthode comparative a donc pour objectif d’aider à une amélioration de la protection du consommateur en droit libyen si éventuellement l’hypothèse de départ était confirmée. Dès lors, nous avons étudié, dans les deux ordres juridiques, la protection du consommateur de la période pré-contractuelle à la période d’après contrat en passant par le moment d’échange des volontés (conclusion proprement dite). Il ressort de cette recherche que le consommateur libyen est moins protégé que le consommateur français. Cela est dû, entre autres, à des facteurs sociopolitiques et économiques, en l’occurrence le faible développement du secteur privé et une faible culture de la justice qui ne permet pas de développer la jurisprudence à l’égard du droit de la consommation. Cette étude a aussi révélé que le législateur libyen est confronté à un nouveau défi, à savoir l’émergence des contrats à distance ; ce qui complexifie davantage la protection du consommateur. / Thanks to the emergence of a market economy and more recently of the technological revolution, consumer law has been significantly developed. Therefore, consumer protection was required as the means to rebalance the unequal relations between the consumer, regarded as the weaker party to the complex contractual relation, and the professional for whom the power balance is in favour.In this context, the interest of a study about consumer protection in Libyan law in the light of French law is clearer and can be approached from two angles : on the one hand, it is scientifically challenging to understand how a State like Libya, whose opening up to the world and the private sector development are very recent, integrates consumer protection into its legal system. On the second hand, comparing it with French law provides an added value, because the level of consumer protection in Libyan law has to be measured through French consumer law which is more developed. The comparative approach is relevant in this research as one of the functions of comparative law is to improve the national substantive law.Here, according to the starting hypothesis, consumer law in Libya is underdeveloped compared to French consumer law. So, the comparative approach aims to help improving consumer law in Libya if the starting hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, we studied consumer protection from the precontractual period to the after contract period including the actual contract conclusion in both legal orders.This research shows that the Libyan consumer is less protected than the French consumer. This is due, amongst others, to socio-political and economic factors, in this case, the low development of the private sector and the low level of the culture of justice which does not enable to develop case-law regarding consumer law. This study has also proved that the Libyan legislator is facing a new challenge, that is, the emergence of distance contracts, which makes consumer protection even more complex.