This thesis examines the current situation on the electricity market in the Czech Republic. A particular emphasis is put on the regulation of distribution system operators (DSOs). The Czech regulator applies only general efficiency factors for all incumbents, and the efficiency of the incumbents is not taken into account in the regulatory formula. In many countries, the regulators apply benchmarking methods to assess the efficiency of operators. This thesis analyses the current regulatory formula in international comparison and considers the application of benchmarking methods to the regulation of DSOs. The first part provides a description of the theoretical approach to the regulation of network industries, relevant legal norms, the current situation on the Czech electricity market and practices of the regulatory bodies in selected European states. The second, empirical, part presents an international benchmarking study based on data of 15 regional DSOs including two Czech operators. The study examines the application of yardstick methods using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Based on our results, we find that the cost efficiency of each of the Czech DSOs is different. This suggests that introducing individual efficiency factors in the fourth regulatory...

Orientador: Paulo Sergio Franco Barbosa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T22:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanfelice_FabioRogerio_M.pdf: 1622123 bytes, checksum: a97f37ded8557a9e73605dcce3e6b3ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A evolução deste trabalho de pesquisa foi pautada pelo desenvolvimento de uma metodologia que represente a atividade de comercialização de empresas de distribuição e comercialização de energia e indique o posicionamento destes agentes frente às alternativas e condições do mercado a fim de que seja atingida a estratégia ótima de comercialização que minimize o custo de aquisição de energia e os riscos associados ao negócio. Dessa forma, é necessário conhecer a legislação da indústria de energia elétrica brasileira, as características dos relacionamentos comerciais entre as empresas que constituem esta indústria e os riscos e oportunidades do mercado. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se um modelo de otimização estocástica utilizando-se a técnica de programação mista onde foram representadas as restrições operacionais e regulatórias, intrínsecas ao processo de compra e venda de energia, bem como as várias alternativas de contratação futura das empresas distribuidoras, via leilões regulados, como determina a legislação vigente. Os resultados obtidos de alocação da energia contratada e indicação dos produtos que indicam a forma ótima de contratação foram analisados e apresentaram consistência mostrando-se coerentes para aplicação. / Abstract: This research work has been developed in order to propose a methodology to represent the trading activities of the distribution utilities and energy trading companies, and also to provide guidelines to these companies when facing market conditions aiming at achieve optimal trading strategies addressing cost and risk minimization. For this purpose, it is required to have an general understanding about regulatory issues of the Brazilian electricity industry, the trading relationships among companies running their businesses in this industry, risks and opportunities in this market. A sthocastic optimzation model has been developed by using a linear programming model where the main regulatory and operational constraints are included, all related to the energy buying and selling process, as well as those ones related to the future energy contracting needs through regulated auctions based on the present regulation. The optimal results defining contracted energy and options for future contracting alternatives along the planning horizon were reviewed, and they revealed coherent for real-world applications. The information generated by this research work is very important for companies or holding groups that run their businesses in the Brazilian power market, since it provides a decision support system to formulate energy buying and selling strategies based on optimal resource allocation. / Mestrado / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

L'action publique comme la recherche développent un intérêt croissant pour les relations entre ville et énergie. Cette thèse porte sur la manière dont les opérateurs énergétiques de réseaux participent à l'élaboration et à la mise en œuvre de politiques énergétiques locales et sur la capacité des acteurs politiques urbains à les piloter en ce sens. La question est abordée à partir d'acteurs alternatifs de la distribution d'énergie en France, les entreprises locales de distribution (ELD). Celles-ci assurent depuis plus de cent ans la distribution et la fourniture d'électricité et parfois de gaz et de chaleur dans les territoires de communes qui les possèdent. Elles apparaissent aujourd'hui comme des leviers d'action innovants à la disposition des villes pour développer des politiques énergétiques urbaines. Centrée sur les opérateurs urbains, la thèse examine les situations de GEG à Grenoble et d'UEM à Metz. Malgré leur implantation locale, les ELD accordent depuis quelques années seulement une place importante à l'échelle urbaine dans leurs stratégies d'entreprises. L'organisation sectorielle et centralisée du service public de l'électricité a pendant longtemps happé les ELD, freinant l'émergence d'une approche spécifique de leurs territoires de concession. Les recompositions du modèle économique qu'impose la libéralisation amènent toutefois les ELD à rechercher de nouveaux relais de croissance. Se saisissant d'opportunités liées à la mise à l'agenda de politiques énergie-climat, elles font preuve d'une forte adaptabilité et élaborent de nouvelles stratégies valorisant davantage leur ancrage urbain. Longtemps dominées par des logiques sectorielles d'ordre national, les entreprises locales participent ainsi de plus en plus au développement d'actions énergétiques urbaines. Cet ancrage urbain ne fait pas pour autant des ELD des outils de gouvernement d'une politique énergétique urbaine, qui supposerait une capacité d'initiative et de pilotage des acteurs politiques municipaux en fonction d'objectifs propres. Par l'analyse des exemples de Grenoble et Metz, nous montrons que la construction de l'énergie comme enjeu politique local est à la fois progressive et hétérogène, remettant en cause une approche jusque-là essentiellement économique et industrielle du pilotage des ELD. La politisation en cours se heurte cependant à une expertise limitée des communes sur l'énergie, qui ne parviennent que très imparfaitement à intégrer leurs préoccupations énergético-climatiques dans le pilotage stratégique de leurs entreprises locales. Les changements sont en revanche beaucoup plus importants sur le plan opérationnel, dans des projets qui impliquent des relations partenariales autour d'enjeux énergétiques : plans climat-énergie territoriaux, réponses à appels d'offres nationaux et européens, coordination des réseaux de distribution…L'analyse du modèle énergétique territorial alternatif des ELD proposée dans la thèse montre que le statut local des opérateurs ne suffit pas au développement d'un gouvernement énergétique urbain, lequel procède aussi de la politisation des questions énergétiques et de la construction d'une expertise adaptée au sein des systèmes politico-administratifs urbains / Public action, like research, is becoming increasingly interested in the relationship between cities and energy. This thesis focuses on the ways in which energy network operators participate in the development and implementation of local energy policies and in the capacity of urban political stakeholders to drive these operators in this sense. The question is approached through local public utilities (LPU) as alternative energy distribution stakeholders in France. These companies have ensured supply and distribution of electricity and sometimes gas and heat in the areas where they are present for over one hundred years. They appear today to be innovative levers to action available to cities to develop urban energy policies. Centred on urban operators, this thesis examines the cases of GEG in Grenoble and UEM in Metz. Despite their local roots, LPUs have only in recent years granted an important place in their business strategies to the urban scale. The sectoral and centralised organisation of the electricity public services have for a long time limited the capacities of the LPUs, impeding the emergence of approaches specific to their particular areas. Reconfigurations of the economic model which impose liberalisation cause the ELDs to constantly search for new growth sources. Seizing opportunities from emerging energy-climate policies, they are proving their great adaptability and have devised new strategies valorising to a greater extent their urban roots. These urban roots alone are not enough to make the LPUs governmental tools for urban energy policy, which supposes a capacity for initiative and control by the political stakeholders of their own objectives. Through analysis of the Grenoble and Metz examples, we demonstrate that presenting energy as a local political issue is both progressive and heterogeneous, calling into question an approach to LPU control which until now has been essentially economic and industrial. Politicisation is being hindered by the lack of energy expertise in the communes, which only very infrequently manage to integrate their energy-climate concerns into strategic plans for their local businesses. In contrast, changes in operational plans are much greater in projects which involve partnerships around energy issues: regional climate-energy plans, responses to national and European calls for public tenders, coordination of distribution networks…The analysis of an alternative regional energy model from the LPUs proposed in this thesis demonstrates that the local status of operators is insufficient for the development of urban energy governance, which also operates in the politicisation of energy issues and the development of specially adapted expertise within urban political and administrative systems

<p>Doktorskom disertacijom je dokazano da postojeće metode detekcije i identifikacije loših podataka nisu primenjive na distributivne mreže usled njihovih specifičnosti u stepenu redundanse merenja i broja pseudo merenja. Dodatno, razvijeni su algoritmi detekcije loših oblasti primenom dekuplovanog Hi-kvadrat testa, identifikacije loših merenja primenom novo definisanih izbeljenih reziduala, estimacije fazne konektivnosti primenom uslovnih ograničenja u estimatoru stanja, i korekcije pseudo merenja primenom informacija sa pametnih brojila. Navedeni algoritmi su specijalizovani za distributivne mreže i verifikovani primenom na dva test sistema.</p> / <p>The doctoral dissertation has demonstrated that conventional bad data detection and<br />identification methods cannot be efficiently applied in distribution networks, due to<br />their characteristics such as low measurement redundancy, number of pseudo<br />measurements and level of measurements correlation. In addition, the doctoral<br />dissertation described newly developed algorithms for bad area detection based on<br />decoupled Chi-squares test, bad data identification using newly defined whitened<br />residuals, estimation of phase connectivity by extension of state estimation with<br />conditional constraints and correction of pseudo measurements using AMI data. The<br />mentioned algorithms are specialized for distribution networks and verified through<br />simulation on two test systems.</p>