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Současná situace na českém energetickém trhu: s důrazem na čtvrté regulační období Energetického regulačního úřadu / Current Situation on the Czech Electricity Market: with an Emphasis on the Fourth Regulatory Period of the Czech Energy Regulatory OfficeKrška, Štěpán January 2014 (has links)
This thesis examines the current situation on the electricity market in the Czech Republic. A particular emphasis is put on the regulation of distribution system operators (DSOs). The Czech regulator applies only general efficiency factors for all incumbents, and the efficiency of the incumbents is not taken into account in the regulatory formula. In many countries, the regulators apply benchmarking methods to assess the efficiency of operators. This thesis analyses the current regulatory formula in international comparison and considers the application of benchmarking methods to the regulation of DSOs. The first part provides a description of the theoretical approach to the regulation of network industries, relevant legal norms, the current situation on the Czech electricity market and practices of the regulatory bodies in selected European states. The second, empirical, part presents an international benchmarking study based on data of 15 regional DSOs including two Czech operators. The study examines the application of yardstick methods using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Based on our results, we find that the cost efficiency of each of the Czech DSOs is different. This suggests that introducing individual efficiency factors in the fourth regulatory...
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The local distribution and abundance of orb-web spidersLindley, Arthur January 1974 (has links)
No description available.
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Knowledge and increasing returns in recent economic growthPereira-Mendes, Vivaldo M. January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Distribuição de corrente entre semicondutores em retificadores de alta corrente - estudo de casos reais. / Current distribution in high current rectifier semiconductors - real case study.Moraes, Edison Pires de 26 September 2008 (has links)
Nos processos industriais envolvendo eletrólise, como na produção de alumínio, cobre, zinco, níquel, manganês, carbeto de silício, cloro e seus derivados, as correntes envolvidas em geral atingem patamares que excedem o valor nominal de um único semicondutor, exigindo a associação de componentes em paralelo com uma distribuição de corrente equilibrada. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa da distribuição de corrente em associações de semicondutores em paralelo em vinte retificadores de alta potência com diferentes tipos de arquitetura física de barramentos. A particularidade deste estudo é a medição simultânea das correntes em todos os semicondutores de todos os ramos do retificador obtendo-se uma imagem da distribuição real de correntes do conversor. / The industrial electrolytic processes to produce, aluminum, cooper, zinc, nickel, manganese, silicon carbide, chlorine and its derivative, require current values which greatly exceed the capability of single rectifying devices and paralleled combinations of semiconductors or equipments are necessary. This study evaluated through a comparative analyzes twenty rectifiers, with different busbar geometries, in order to verify the current distribution in paralleled devices. The differential of this study is the simultaneous measurement of currents in all semiconductors of each branch in order to obtain a real representation of the rectifiers current distribution.
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Investigation into the bacterial contamination in a spring water distribution system and the application of bioremediation as treatment technologyBehardien, Latiefa January 2008 (has links)
Spring water bottled and sold for human consumption can only be subjected to
certain treatment processes such as separation from unstable constituents by
decantation, filtration and aeration, ultraviolet irradiation and ozonation. A spring
water distribution system in the Western Cape, South Africa was experiencing
microbiological problems. The aim of the study was to investigate bacterial
contamination in the spring water distribution system and the application of
bioremediation as treatment technology. Sampling at various points in the spring
water distribution bottling system started in February 2004 and continued until
November 2004.
The acceptable microbiological limits for bottled spring water clearly states that
the total viable colony count should be < 100 organisms per ml of water. Analysis of
samples by the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) technique indicated significantly
(p < 0.05) high counts which did not conform to the microbiological limit. The
heterotrophic plate counts recorded for weeks one, four, eight & 46 in the final bottled
water (Site J) were 3.66 x 107 cfu/ml, 9.0 x 106cfu/ml, 2.35 x 107 cfu/ml and 5.00 x
104 cfu/ml, respectively. The total cell counts [Flow cytometry analyses (FCM)]
recorded for week one, four, eight & 46 in the final bottled water (Site J) were 5.44 x
107 microorganisms/ml, 8.36 x 107 microorganisms/ml, 9.09 x 107 microorganisms/ml
and 5.70 x 107 microorganisms/ml, respectively. The higher viable total cell counts(FCM) indicate that flow cytometry was able to detect cells in the water sample that
enter a viable but not culturable state and that the heterotrophic plate count
technique only allowed for the growth of the viable and culturable cells present in the
water samples. This indicated that the HPC is not a clear indication of the actual
microbial population in the water samples. It could be concluded that FCM technique
was a more reliable technique for the enumeration of microbial populations in bottled
water samples. Various organisms were identified by means of the Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) using 16S rRNA specific primers. Purified PCR amplicons
were sequenced and Phylogenetic trees were constructed. Neighbour-joining
phylogenetic tree analysis of the bacterial species present in the water samples was
performed. The dominant bacterial isolates that were sequenced from the various
water samples throughout weeks one, four, eight and 46 were Bacillus sp. and
Enterobacteriaceae. The pathogenic species isolated throughout the sampling
period included Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Shigella boydii, Bacillus and
Staphylococcus sp.
A laboratory-scale bioreactor was constructed and water samples were
analysed over a period of two weeks. Water samples were analysed using FCM and
Direct Acridine Orange Count (DAOC) in conjunction with epiflourescence
microscopy (EM). The FCM counts ranged from 1.53 x 107 microorganisms/ml in the
initial sample (Day 0) to 1.16 x 107 microorganisms/mℓ in the final sample (Day 13).
The results indicated a 24% decrease in the microbial numbers however, it was still
above the limit of < 100 organisms/ml as set out by the South African Standards of
Bottled Water, (2003). The total cell counts obtained by the DAOC method ranged
from 1.43 x 106 microorganisms/ml to 9.54 x 105 microorganism/ml on day 13 (final).
The results indicated a 33% decrease in microbial numbers. The total cell counts
analysed by flow cytometry fluctuated throughout the sampling period. The total cell
counts obtained from the DAOC method were lower in all the water samples when
compared to the total counts obtained by flow cytometric analyses. Even though the
FCM counts fluctuated throughout the sampling period, results clearly show that the
FCM method yielded more accurate data for total cell counts than the DAOC method.
Due to external environmental conditions such as changes in the weather conditions
the results fluctuated and the final results clearly indicated that further studies are
required to optimise the bioreactor system for its application in the spring water industry.
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Testing of homogeneity in distributions with ordered categories.January 1995 (has links)
by Lee Chi-ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-104). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Three Underlying Distributions --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Exponential distribution --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Estimation of Thresholds --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Estimation of Parameter --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Simulation Study --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Normal distribution --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Estimation of Thresholds --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Estimation of Parameter --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Simulation Study --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- Weibull distribution --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Estimation of Thresholds --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Estimation of Parameter --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Simulation Study --- p.46 / Chapter 3 --- Goodness-of-fit Test --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1 --- Test for the Exponential distribution --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- Test for the Normal distribution --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3 --- Test for the Weibull distribution --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4 --- Implication --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5 --- An Artificial Example --- p.72 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Case 1 (s= 3) --- p.72 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Case 2 (s= 4) --- p.80 / Chapter 4 --- Real Data Illustration --- p.87 / Chapter 4.1 --- Test for the Exponential distribution --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2 --- Test for the Normal distribution --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3 --- Test for the Weibull distribution --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4 --- Inferences from the Exponential distribution --- p.94 / Chapter 4.5 --- Inferences from the Normal distribution --- p.95 / Chapter 4.6 --- Inferences from the Weibull distribution --- p.98 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.101 / Bibliography --- p.103
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Estimation of the common mean of two normal disributionsYuan, Shi-Hwa January 2010 (has links)
Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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Essays in the theory of the distribution of income.Loury, Glenn Cartman January 1976 (has links)
Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Economics. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Dewey. / Bibliography: leaves 92-95, 182-185. / A dynamic theory of racial income differences.--Intergenerational transfers and the equilibrium distribution of earnings. / Ph.D.
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Neoclassical theories of income distribution.Nagatani, Hiroaki January 1978 (has links)
Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Economics. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Bibliography: leaves 191-192. / Ph.D.
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The cause, development and outcome of word-of-mouth marketing : with particular reference to WOM volume, valence and the modeling of viral marketingWu, Ying January 2017 (has links)
Viral marketing is a form of online word-of-mouth (WOM) communication in which individuals are encouraged to pass on promotional messages through social websites. With the growing popularity of online social websites, viral marketing has increasingly garnered attention of marketers and marketing researchers alike. The two most important WOM attributes highlighted in the extant literature are volume and valence. This thesis looked into the cause, development and outcome of WOM marketing and provided computational models for forecasting the development of WOM volume and valence of viral marketing in social websites. With the data extracted from large-scale web-crawling activities, through a series of computer simulation experiments comparable to social websites, the author developed models to predict WOM volume and valence in viral marketing. The model for predicting WOM volume in viral marketing used theories of network topologies. The model for predicting WOM valence in viral marketing used an artificial neural network model. The author discussed the insights from the findings and suggested viral marketing strategies to optimize the performance of WOM volume and valence in social websites. A key contribution of this thesis is the new approaches of modeling and data collection for WOM volume and valance forecasting in viral marketing.
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