No description available.

No description available.

Class of 2015 Abstract / Objectives: To compare and evaluate effects on kidney function of mannitol dieresis versus saline diuresis on kidney function with cisplatin therapy. Methods: Patient charts documented between January 2010 and July 2013 were obtained and reviewed from a database of a university associated medical center. The patient’s lowest creatinine clearance (CrCl) and potassium levels during any time in therapy were compared against the baseline. Statistical testing for primary and secondary outcomes was calculated using the Independent-Samples T-Test. Results: A total of 140 patients were reviewed – 68 patients were included in the mannitol arm, 72 in the saline arm. All baseline characteristics reviewed were not statistically different between groups except for sex, which was skewed towards males in the saline arm of the study. Baseline CrCl was 97.14 ml/min in the mannitol arm, and 93.69 ml/min in the saline arm (p=0.91). The average change in CrCl was found to be -16.72 ml/min (95% CI, -21.85 to -11.59) in the mannitol arm, -14.00 ml/min (95% CI, -18.82 to -9.20) in the saline arm; this was not statistically different (p=0.41). There was an average change of -0.31 mmol/L in blood potassium levels in mannitol patients, and a change of 0.014 mmol/L in saline patients; this was found to be significantly different (p<0.01). Conclusions: In this single-center retrospective study, there appeared to be no benefit in using mannitol diuresis over saline diuresis. The use of mannitol incurs additional cost and place additional restrictions on administration.

Summary Patients with burn injuries involving more than 20 percent of the total body surface area lose a lot of fluid and are in the risk of developing a severe hypovolemia. Fluid resuscitation is a corner stone in burn care and is important for preventingfurthercomplications. The most common resuscitation formula is the Parkland Formula. Hourly urine output is a measure used to evaluate if the fluid given is sufficient enough to maintain a sustainable tissue perfusion. Inhalation injury, abuse of alcohol and drugs are some of the factors that may increase the amountoffluid needed. The purposefor this study is to study thecompliance to fluid resuscitation guidelines at a burn unit and which factors lead to deviation from the guidelines. Patient charts for 38 patients with burn injury &gt;20%, &gt; 18 years of age with a length of stay &gt;48 hours, were reviewed regarding size of burn injury, hourly amount of fluid given, hourly urine output and presence of inhalation injury.Statistic significancewas found between the mean values of the differences in percentage between actual and calculated fluid amount for the first 24 hours. The differences in percentage between actual and calculated hourly urine output did not reach statistic significance. The result shows complianceto the fluid resuscitation guidelines. A larger sample would be required in order to investigate which factors causing deviations from the guidelines.

The concept that the renal excretion of water and electrolytes is partly governed by the volume in some fluid compartment of the body is one which has received some experimental verification. Attempts to define a mechanism sensitive to changes in some fluid compartment of the body have provided support both for and against the theory that stimulation of sensory nerve endings in the intrathoracic circulation sets up afferent impulses in the vagus nerves which diminish the release of antidiuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis and so cause diuresis. Evidence which supports the theory comes from experiments in which atrial distension has been associated with a reduction of antidiuretic activity in the circulating blood. Evidence which does not support the theory comes from experiments in which the diuretic response to left atrial distension has been demonstrated during infusion of vasopressin at rates adequate to completely inhibit water diuresis in conscious dogs (0.025 m-u./kg./min.). A series of experiments has been carried out in an attempt to define the role of antidiuretic hormone in the diuretic response to left atrial distension. In one series, experiments were designed to test the effects of different doses of vasopressin upon the diuretic response to left atrial distension. The results of this series showed that the diuretic response to left atrial distension was composed of an increase in solute excretion and an increase in water excretion. At a rate of infusion of vasopressin of 0.4 m-u./kg./min. or above the increase in water excretion was abolished while the increase in solute excretion was unaffected. In another series, experiments were designed to test the renal response to large changes in vasopressin concentration. The concentrations of vasopressin used (0.4 m-u./kg./min. and 0.04 m-u./kg./min.) completely inhibited water diuresis in conscious dogs. The results of this series indicated that in the hydrated anaesthetized dog, a change from the high concentration of vasopressin to the lower concentration may cause a transient dilute diuresis. These results support the view that a decrease in the circulating concentration of antidiuretic hormone is one mechanism which may produce a diuretic response to left atrial distension. The results will be reported in a condensed form (Mason and Ledsome, 1971; Ledsome and Mason, 1971). / Medicine, Faculty of / Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--Mahidol University, 1983.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--Mahidol University, 1971.

Recently developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques were employed in a quantitative investigation of the release and renal actions of the avian antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasotocin (AVT) in the conscious domestic fowl. The investigation was composed of a series of three studies with goals to: (1) define the functional characteristics of the avian hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) in terms of the extracellular osmotic and volemic stimuli that elicit release of AVT; (2) characterize responses of the HNS to the natural challenge of negative fluid balance; and (3) quantify the relative contributions of AVT-induced glomerular and tubular antidiuresis to the conservation of water by the avian kideny. Characterization of AVT secretion revealed that plasma osmolality (P(OSM)) is a primary determinant of AVT secretion by the HNS of the domestic fowl. Highly correlated and significant relationships between P(OSM) and plasma AVT (P(AVT)) exist both above and below the observed basal P(OSM) of normally hydrated birds. Analysis of the present data also suggested that the HNS is insensitive to changes in blood volume of 10% or less, since neither isotonic expansion nor reduction of blood volume altered P(AVT). The results of the fluid deprivation experiments indicate that AVT secretion is closely linked to the state of hydration during negative fluid balance in the domestic fowl. Analysis of the data indicated that increases in P(AVT) that occur with dehydration are mediated primarily by extracellular hyperosmolality and that the HNS is relatively insensitive to the simultaneous hypovolemia incurred with fluid deprivation. Comparison to the dose-response relationships between P(AVT) and glomerular and tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis over the entire range of physiological P(AVT) levels in the domestic fowl revealed that tubular mechanisms are of primary importance and glomerular mechanisms of secondary importance in the conservation of water by the avian kidney. The greatest proportion of the total AVT-induced reduction in renal water excretion occurred at low physiological P(AVT) levels and appeared to be the exclusive result of tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis. At high P(AVT) levels, glomerular and tubular mechanisms overlapped and their effects on water conservation could not be separated; however, only minor additional amounts of water were conserved by the combined actions of glomerular and tubular mechanisms. Thus glomerular mechanisms appear to have only a minor, secondary effect on water conserving ability of the avian kidney.

Se comprobó los efectos del extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata(Lamarck) Kuntze “canchalagua” en dosis de: 100 y 200 mg/kg por vía oral, sobre la diuresis, la motilidad intestinal, y el efecto gastroprotector en ratones y ratas albinas. Para el estudio del efecto gastroprotector se trabajó el método de inducción de úlceras empleando etanol a 96° en los siguientes grupos: Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (2ml/kg) Control Positivo: Omeprazol (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). Para evaluar el efecto diurético se trabajó: Grupo Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (2ml/kg) Control Positivo: Furosemida (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100 mg/kg). Para evaluar el efecto sobre motilidad intestinal se utilizó el modelo de carbón activado en los siguientes grupos: Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (0.1ml/10g) Control Positivo: Loperamida (3 mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200 mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100 mg/kg). Los resultados muestran un efecto gastroprotector y sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto a dosis de 100 mg/kg (p es menor que 0.05) y un efecto diurético a dosis de 200 mg/kg (p es menor que 0.05). En conclusión queda demostrado que el extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata L tiene efecto gastroprotector, diurético y sobre la motilidad intestinal, en los modelos experimentales trabajados. Palabras Clave: Schkuhria pinnata, úlcera gástrica, efecto diurético, motilidad intestinal, ratas. / It tested the effects of ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "canchalagua" in doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg orally on urine output, intestinal motility, and gastroprotective effect in mice and albino rats. To study the gastroprotective effect worked on the method of induction of ulcers using ethanol at 96 ° in the following groups: negative control saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: omeprazole (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To evaluate the diuretic effect worked: Negative control group saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: Furosemide (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To assess the effect on intestinal motility model was used activated carbon into the following groups: saline negative control (0.1ml/10g) Positive Control: loperamide (3mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). The results show a gastroprotective effect on intestinal motility and the extract at doses of 100mg /kg (p is less than 0.05) and a diuretic effect at doses of 200mg/kg (p is less than 0.05). In conclusion it is demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata L has gastroprotective effect, diuretic and intestinal motility in experimental models worked. Key Words: Schkuhria pinnata, gastric ulcer, diuretic, intestinal motility, rats.

Se comprobó los efectos del extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata(Lamarck) Kuntze “canchalagua” en dosis de: 100 y 200 mg/kg por vía oral, sobre la diuresis, la motilidad intestinal, y el efecto gastroprotector en ratones y ratas albinas. Para el estudio del efecto gastroprotector se trabajó el método de inducción de úlceras empleando etanol a 96° en los siguientes grupos: Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (2ml/kg) Control Positivo: Omeprazol (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). Para evaluar el efecto diurético se trabajó: Grupo Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (2ml/kg) Control Positivo: Furosemida (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100 mg/kg). Para evaluar el efecto sobre motilidad intestinal se utilizó el modelo de carbón activado en los siguientes grupos: Control Negativo Suero fisiológico (0.1ml/10g) Control Positivo: Loperamida (3 mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200 mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100 mg/kg). Los resultados muestran un efecto gastroprotector y sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto a dosis de 100 mg/kg (p es menor que 0.05) y un efecto diurético a dosis de 200 mg/kg (p es menor que 0.05). En conclusión queda demostrado que el extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata L tiene efecto gastroprotector, diurético y sobre la motilidad intestinal, en los modelos experimentales trabajados. Palabras Clave: Schkuhria pinnata, úlcera gástrica, efecto diurético, motilidad intestinal, ratas. / It tested the effects of ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "canchalagua" in doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg orally on urine output, intestinal motility, and gastroprotective effect in mice and albino rats. To study the gastroprotective effect worked on the method of induction of ulcers using ethanol at 96 ° in the following groups: negative control saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: omeprazole (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To evaluate the diuretic effect worked: Negative control group saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: Furosemide (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To assess the effect on intestinal motility model was used activated carbon into the following groups: saline negative control (0.1ml/10g) Positive Control: loperamide (3mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). The results show a gastroprotective effect on intestinal motility and the extract at doses of 100mg /kg (p is less than 0.05) and a diuretic effect at doses of 200mg/kg (p is less than 0.05). In conclusion it is demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata L has gastroprotective effect, diuretic and intestinal motility in experimental models worked. Key Words: Schkuhria pinnata, gastric ulcer, diuretic, intestinal motility, rats. / Tesis