Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1978. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-134). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: PhD (COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY FACULTY OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND, 2010. / Empowerment is an act of enriching someone within a certain context to gain inner self-control. The best way of understanding empowerment is to focus on its process rather than outcome. It is also important to determine the structure upon which empowerment is likely to exist. As a result, this study was about the exploration of the interaction between empowerment as a process and the self-help group which forms a structural basis of empowerment. Therefore, the main focus of the research study was to investigate specific processes through which one goes to achieve empowerment when participating in a self–help group for divorced women.The qualitative research method, which incorporated participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus group,formed the basis for the process of data collection and analysis. The sample consisted of 10 divorced women who participated in a self-help group for a contracted period of eight weeks. The findings of the research study suggested that, the process of empowerment within a self-help group structure is interactive rather than linear. The process of empowerment through the self-help group encounters included discovering the reality of the divorced status, the role of frustration in the process of empowerment, critical reflection as the powerful force behind the process of empowerment and taking charge of one’s life as a motivational factor that facilitated the self-help group activities and the process of empowerment. The only interpersonal factor that was significant in the study was the role of social support by group members in the process of empowerment. The conceptualization of the process of empowerment in the context of the self-help group, that emerged from the study, was remarkably distinct from the conceptualization of empowerment that has been depicted in the literature. Therefore, a significant finding in this study was how the self–help group can facilitate the process of empowerment for divorced women, which contrasted with other studies in which a sense of community was critical to personal empowerment. The interactions which were both positive and negative with others were the foundations for the process of empowerment in the form of critical reflections.

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by Poon Wun San, Jecqueline. / Includes questionnaire in Chinese. / Thesis (M.S.W.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-141). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / CHAPTER / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Concept of Marital Dissolution --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Concept of Sex-role Attitudes --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Concept of Psychological Well-being --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- Psychological Well-being of People Experiencing Marital Dissolution --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5 --- Relationship between Sex-role Attitudes and Psychological Well-being of Women Experiencing Marital Dissolution --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6 --- Other Factors that Affect the Psychological Well-being of Women Experiencing Marital Dissolution --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.35 / Chapter 3. --- Conceptual Framework --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Conceptual Definition of Major Variables --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Specification of Related Terms --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- Interrelationships between Various Variables of the Research --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4 --- Hypotheses --- p.43 / Chapter 4. --- Research Methodology --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1 --- Research Design --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sample --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3 --- Procedure of Data Collection --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4 --- Measuring Instruments --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5 --- Plan for Data Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 4.6 --- Validity and Reliability of the Measuring Instruments --- p.51 / Chapter 4.7 --- Limitation of the Study --- p.54 / Chapter 5. --- Reports of Findings : Part I --- p.56 / Chapter 5.1 --- Personal Characteristics of Respondents --- p.56 / Chapter 5.2 --- Marriage and Family Background of Respondents --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.85 / Chapter 6. --- Reports of Findings : Part II --- p.88 / Chapter 6.1 --- Description of Respondents in Regard to Major Study Variables --- p.88 / Chapter 6.2 --- Test of Hypotheses --- p.99 / Chapter 6.3 --- Summary --- p.108 / Chapter 7. --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.111 / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.112 / Chapter 7.2 --- Implications of Findings --- p.116 / Chapter 7.3 --- Implications for Future Research --- p.126 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.128 / APPENDIX / Chapter A. --- Questionnaire (English Version) --- p.142 / Chapter B. --- Questionnaire (Chinese Version) --- p.154 / Chapter C. --- Item-total Statistics of Sex-role Attitudes --- p.165 / Chapter D. --- Item-total Statistics of Psychological Well-being --- p.167

The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a Coping Skills Training Programme in raising divorced women's self esteem and coping behaviour. This study incorporated feminist self esteem training and coping skills training which made use of social learning theory and. cognitive behavioural techniques, including rational emotive therapy. The Coping Skills Programme had an educational and personal growth focus and was presented in a written manual form consisting of educational notes, group exercises and homework assignments and was designed to be conducted on a small group basis for twelve sessions of two hours each. Evaluation of the programme included a qualitative, descriptive and quantitative research method which incorporated a 'between group' design (i .e. allocation of participants to an experimental and a control group at random and withheld treatment from the control group) and a 'single case' design which involved participants completing self report measurement data. In addition a 'replication phase' was added in which the control group served as the experimental group. Measurement tool s included the Index of Self Esteem (Hudson, 1982 : 9) and the Generalized Contentment Scale (Hudson, 1982 : 8) and various self measurement scales. Collection of the measurement data took place before, during and after the intervention.Results are statistically and graphically presented and on the basis of previous research, it was accurately predicted that the Coping Skills Training Programme would significantly raise the self esteem of divorced women. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal,Durban, 1991.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Fordham University, 2007. / Adviser: Joseph G. Ponterotto. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2003. / Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-131).