Submitted by PPG Gerontologia Biom?dica (geronbio@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-11T16:22:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JACONDINO_BITTENCOURT_CAMILA_TESE.pdf: 3976957 bytes, checksum: f39c098e5a7074b67c812ed17b136305 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-18T13:48:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JACONDINO_BITTENCOURT_CAMILA_TESE.pdf: 3976957 bytes, checksum: f39c098e5a7074b67c812ed17b136305 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T13:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JACONDINO_BITTENCOURT_CAMILA_TESE.pdf: 3976957 bytes, checksum: f39c098e5a7074b67c812ed17b136305 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Aging is becoming a reality in Brazil, as well as an increase in chronic no communicable diseases, among which depression is among the most frequent mental disorders in the population over 60 years. The causes of this mood disorder are multi factorial, and recent research points to a decrease in oxytocin, a neuropeptide, which acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, plays an important role in social behavior. The gene for its receptor (OXTR) is located on the short arm of the human chromosome 3p25, and a single nucleotide variation (rs2254298), have been linked with the emergence of mood disorders. Due to a point mutation, the guanine (G) was replaced by adenine (A), causing the G allele carriers to be favored by the behavioral relations. On the other hand, absence or a poor or ineffective social network, low self-esteem, associated with aging, OXTR polymorphism and depression may increase cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), making the elderly more susceptible to a negative outcome. PURPOSE: to analyze the association of oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (2254298) with depression, social support, self-esteem and cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF). METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out with a population of elderly people from the basic care of Porto Alegre, with and without depression, diagnosed by the Brazilian version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus), DNA extraction was performed from the leukocyte layer, and Genotyping by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, and the digestion fragments were run with agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Self-esteem and social emotional / affective support were verified through the Rosemberg and Griep Social Support scales respectively. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and smoking were the CVRF investigated, and the metabolic variables investigated were triglycerides and postprandial glucose concentration by capillary puncture. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference and blood pressure were also measured. The hormones oxytocin and cortisol were obtained through the serum and measured by the ELISA technique. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 177 elderly people of basic care in Porto Alegre, mean age 72.6 ? 6.9, of which 129 (72.9%) were female. 66 (37.3%) had a diagnosis of depression, there was no association between OXTR rs 2254298 with depression, social support, self-esteem and CVRF. In the Poisson regression analysis, it was observed that the self-esteem (p = 0.031), and the social interaction domain (p = 0.037). A negative correlation was observed between serum oxytocin and BMI (p = 0.019) and postprandial triglycerides, (p = 0.035). The elderly classified as lean by Lipschitz criterion had significantly higher oxytocin averages (p = 0.005) and this relationship was maintained by regression analysis (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the OXTR polymorphism (rs 2254298) is not associated with depression, social support, self-esteem, and cardiovascular risk factors in this sample. The final multivariate analysis showed a higher frequency of depression in individuals with lower self-esteem and social interaction; and the elderly with higher levels of serum oxytocin had lower BMI, and those with lower concentration of this hormone, higher postprandial TGC. / O envelhecimento est? se tornando uma realidade no Brasil, assim como o aumento das doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmiss?veis, dentre as quais a depress?o est? entre as patologias mentais mais frequentes na popula??o acima de 60 anos. As causas deste transtorno de humor s?o multifatoriais, e pesquisas recentes apontam a diminui??o da ocitocina, um neuropept?dio, que agindo como neurotransmissor e neuromodulador, exerce um importante papel no comportamento social. O gene do seu receptor (OXTR) est? localizado no bra?o curto do cromossomo humano 3p25, e uma varia??o de nucleot?deo ?nico (rs2254298), possui uma estreita rela??o, com o surgimento de transtornos do humor. Devido a uma muta??o pontual, houve a substitui??o da guanina (G) por adenina (A), fazendo com que os portadores do alelo G, sejam favorecidos pelas rela??es sociais e afetivas. Por outro lado, a aus?ncia ou uma rede social pobre ou ineficaz, baixa autoestima, morbidades caracter?sticas do envelhecimento, polimorfismo do OXTR e depress?o podem ampliar os fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV), tornando o idoso mais suscept?vel a um desfecho negativo. OBJETIVO: Analisar a associa??o do polimorfismo do gene do receptor da ocitocina rs (2254298) com depress?o, apoio social, autoestima e fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) em idosos da aten??o prim?ria de Porto Alegre. M?TODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com uma popula??o de idosos provenientes da aten??o b?sica de Porto Alegre, com e sem depress?o, diagnosticados pela vers?o brasileira do Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, (M.I.N.I Plus). A extra??o de DNA foi realizada a partir da camada de leuc?citos, e a genotipagem pela t?cnica de Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), e os fragmentos da digest?o foram corridos com gel de agarose corados com brometo de et?dio. A autoestima e o suporte s?cio emocional/afetivo foram verificados atrav?s das escalas de Rosemberg e Apoio Social de Griep respectivamente. A hipertens?o arterial (HAS), diabetes mellitus (DM), dislipidemia, obesidade, sedentarismo e tabagismo foram os (FRCV) investigados, e as vari?veis metab?licas averiguadas foram os triglicer?deos (TGC) e glicemia p?s-prandial, por pun??o capilar. O ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunfer?ncia da cintura e a press?o arterial tamb?m foram mensurados. Os horm?nios ocitocina e cortisol foram obtidos atrav?s do soro e mensurados atrav?s da t?cnica de ELISA. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 177 idosos da aten??o b?sica de Porto Alegre, com m?dia de idade 72,6?6,9 anos, sendo 129 (72,9%) do sexo feminino. Do total de idosos, 66 (37,3%) possuem o diagn?stico de depress?o, n?o foi observada associa??o entre o OXTR rs 2254298 com o epis?dio depressivo maior, apoio social, autoestima e os (FRCV). Na an?lise de regress?o de Poisson observou-se que a autoestima (p=0,031), e o dom?nio de intera??o social (p=0,037) mantiveram-se associados como desfecho para a depress?o. Foi verificada uma correla??o negativa entre a ocitocina s?rica com o IMC (p=0,019) e (TGC) p?s-prandial, (p=0,035). Os idosos classificados como magros pelo crit?rio de Lipschitz, apresentaram significativamente maiores m?dias de ocitocina, (p=0,005) e esta rela??o manteve-se associada pela an?lise de regress?o (p=0,010). CONCLUS?O: Os resultados sugerem que o polimorfismo do OXTR (rs 2254298) n?o est? associado com depress?o, apoio social, autoestima e (FRCV). O modelo final da an?lise multivariada mostrou maior frequ?ncia de depress?o em indiv?duos com menor autoestima e intera??o social; e os idosos com n?veis mais elevados de ocitocina s?rica apresentaram menor IMC, e os com menor concentra??o deste horm?nio, maior TGC p?s-prandial.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-17T20:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVictordeSousaSilvaDissertacao2016.pdf: 5579388 bytes, checksum: d00ac932cc6cb4518d5d39415db47d6f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-17T20:22:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVictordeSousaSilvaDissertacao2016.pdf: 5579388 bytes, checksum: d00ac932cc6cb4518d5d39415db47d6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T20:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVictordeSousaSilvaDissertacao2016.pdf: 5579388 bytes, checksum: d00ac932cc6cb4518d5d39415db47d6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The validity of the double product (DP) response to estimate the anaerobic threshold (AT), an alternative and less costly method has not been tested in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, the objective of this study is test the reliability of AT identification by the double product breakpoint (DPBP) in T2D. Nine subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D = 9) and ten non-diabetic (ND = 10) underwent an incremental test on a cycle ergometer. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and exhaled gases were measured at the end of each stage. The ventilatory threshold (VT), lactate threshold (LT) and DPBP were considered an exercise intensity below which a disproportional increase of ventilation, [LAC] and DP, respectively, was observed in relation to linear increase in workload. No differences were identified between the workload, HR, and oxygen consumption (VO2) corresponding to the AT identified by VT, LT and DPBP. Further, for the T2D group was identified a high and significant level of reliability between DPBP and VT for workload (ICC = 0.84), FC (ICC = 0.71) and VO2 (ICC = 0.83) and between DPBP and LT for workload (ICC = 0.79) and FC (ICC = 0.82). Similar reliability was identified for the ND group between DPBP and VT for workload (ICC = 0.92), HR (ICC = 0.88) and VO2 (ICC = 0.84) and between DPBP and LT for workload (ICC = 0.70). It concludes that the DPBP is reliable to estimate the AT and it is highly associated with VT and LT in T2D and ND individuals. / A validade da resposta do duplo produto (DP) para estimar o limiar anaer??bio (LAn), um m??todo alternativo e menos oneroso, ainda n??o foi testado em indiv??duos com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo ?? verificar se ?? poss??vel identificar o LAn pelo ponto de inflex??o do duplo produto (DPBP) em indiv??duos DM2. Nove sujeitos com DM2 (DM2 = 9) e dez n??o diab??ticos (ND = 10) foram submetidos a um teste incremental em cicloerg??metro. Frequ??ncia card??aca (FC), press??o arterial (PA) e gases expirados foram mensurados ao final de cada est??gio. O limiar ventilat??rio (LV), limiar de lactato (LL) e o DPBP foram considerados a intensidade do exerc??cio abaixo a um aumento desproporcional da ventila????o, [LAC] e DP, respectivamente, s??o observados em rela????o ao aumento linear da carga de trabalho. N??o foram identificadas diferen??as entre a carga de trabalho, FC, e consumo de oxig??nio (VO2) correspondente ao LAn identificado pelo LV, LL e DPBP. Al??m disso, para o grupo DM2 foi identificado um alto e significante n??vel de confiabilidade entre DPBP e LV para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,84), FC (ICC = 0,71) e VO2 (ICC = 0,83) e entre o DPBP e LL para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,79) e FC (ICC = 0,82). Confiabilidade semelhante foi identificado para o grupo ND entre DPBP e LV para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,92), FC (ICC = 0,88) e VO2 (ICC = 0,84) e entre o DPBP e LL para carga de trabalho (ICC = 0,70). Conclui-se que o DPBP permitiu a predi????o do LAn, devido ao alto n??vel de confiabilidade com os m??todos tradicionais, LV e LL.