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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1960 W57

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 F72 / Master of Science / Clinical Sciences

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For years, a prescrotal technique has been the only accepted method of male dog sterilization, as dogs are considered to be “scrotal conscious.” The prevailing thought has been that a scrotal incision will cause more complications including swelling and induction of self-trauma. There is, however, little in the scientific literature that confirms or contradicts this thinking. In this study 437 apparently healthy male dogs over the age of 6 months were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups and castrated by either a prescrotal (n=206) or scrotal incision (N=231). Complications were recorded up to 72 hours following the procedure. The focus of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that there are no differences between the prescrotal and scrotal technique. The method of castration was not found to be significantly associated with hemorrhage, pain or swelling. A reduced incidence in self trauma was associated with scrotal castrations.

Osteotomies made between premolar 3 and premolar 4 in the body of the mandible in canine cadaver hemimandibles (n = 48) were stabilized with five interdental fixation apparatuses in a preliminary biomechanical study. Testing in bending determined ultimate strength, stiffness, and yield strength of the interdental fixation apparatuses. Erich arch bar supplemented with acrylic had significantly (P < 0.05) greater ultimate strength, stiffness, and yield strength than Stout loop supplemented with acrylic, Acrylic, Stout loop, and Erich arch bar alone. Due to the combined superior biomechanical strength of Erich arch bar supplemented with acrylic, it was utilized as the interdental fixation apparatus for the <i>in vivo</i> study. Bilateral osteotomies made between premolar 3 and premolar 4 in the body of the mandible were stabilized with monocortical bone plate (n = 6), interdental (n = 6), and external skeletal fixation (n = 6). None of the dogs showed clinical evidence of pain or discomfort associated with the fixation devices or the development of neuromas. Radiographic signs of bone healing were observed at all osteotomy sites by 16 weeks. Histologic evaluation of bone healing of the mandible with monocortical bone plate, interdental fixation, and external skeletal fixator was not significantly different (P > 0.05) at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively. The inferior alveolar nerves were evaluated electrophysiologically pre-operatively and at 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. Nerves were histologically evaluated at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after injury. Nerve function disappeared immediately postoperatively and returned in 64% (24 of 36) by 4 weeks, in 78% (28 of36) by 8 weeks, and 83% (30 of 36) by 16 weeks. Neuromas developed in 100% (36 of 36) of the nerves. Using a transverse osteotomy model, results indicate that the type of bone and nerve healing does not significantly differ between fixation groups tested. Therefore, a simpler and more economical fixation device, Erich arch bar-acrylic, should be suitable to repair selected mandibular fractures in the dog. / Master of Science

A circular (5.5mm diameter) full thickness cartilage defect was created on the medial ridge of the talus in twelve skeletally mature dogs. In six dogs the articular surface of the lesion was repaired using an osteochondral graft obtained from the ipsilateral manus. The graft (Digit I, 1st phalanx, distal articular surface and diaphysis) was contoured to obtain a press fit in the drilled talar recipient site. In six dogs the lesion was not treated and healed by fibrous tissue replacement. Functional assessment (lameness, hock range of motion, joint stability, joint crepitus and mid-femoral muscle circumference) was completed preoperatively and at postoperative weeks 2 through 20. Radiographic assessment (periarticular soft tissue width, joint space width, osteophyte formation and graft incorporation) was completed preoperatively and at postoperative weeks 0, 6, 12 and 20. To facilitate the histologic assessment the tissues were stained with toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin. Histologic assessment of the articular surface on the operated talus (lesion, graft, and junctional area), ipsilateral tibia and contralateral talus was completed using a modification of the Mankin grading system. Subchondral bone was examined to assess graft viability and incorporation. Analysis of the ordinal data was completed using a Mann-Whitney rank sum test. All dogs were fully weight bearing by postoperative week 7. One of six grafted dogs demonstrated a weight bearing lameness at postoperative week 20. The non-grafted dogs showed significantly better clinical function at postoperative week 6 (P=0.036). No significant difference in functional assessment was demonstrated at postoperative week 20 (P=0.136). Normal range of motion was measured in all dogs by the sixth postoperative week. Minimal crepitus was observed in 1 ungrafted dog and 3 grafted dogs. Joint stability remained normal in all dogs. Disuse muscle atrophy occurred in all dogs; however, atrophy had resolve by the 20th postoperative week. Immediate postoperative radiographic assessment demonstrated a significant difference between the ungrafted and grafted groups (P=0.005). No significant difference was noted at postoperative weeks 6, 12 or 20. All grafts appeared radiographically incorporated by postoperative week 12. All grafts restored joint surface congruity while 3 of 6 ungrafted lesions demonstrated poor articular congruity evidenced by a visual and palpable step defect. Four of six grafts partially retained normal hyaline cartilage resulting in significantly lower Mankin grades (P=0.014). No significant histologic differences between groups were demonstrated when the opposing tibia and junctional areas were examined. Talar reconstruction using a phalangeal osteochondral graft is a viable surgical procedure. This data demonstrates that normal articular and subchondral architecture are more closely approximated by osteochondral reconstruction than fibrous by tissue repair. / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 W33 / Master of Science

Orientador: Cláudia Valéria Seullner Brandão / Banca: Maria Jaqueline Mamprim / Banca: Nilza Maria Freres Mascarenhaz / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de membrana biossintética de celulose (MBC) nacional, após a realização de trocleoplastia experimental em cães, com intuito de verificar se o uso desta poderia favorecer a migração de células com potencial condrogênico, assim como ocorre no tecido ósseo. A evolução pós-operatória dos cães foi analisada com especial interesse nos processos de reparação frente ao defeito osteocondral, estabelecendo as vantagens e desvantagens do uso do biomaterial. Foram utilizados 12 cães (Canis familiaris) adultos, sadios e sem alterações no aparelho locomotor. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao procedimento de trocleoplastia bilateral, sendo que a MBC foi aplicada no membro esquerdo. Os animais foram avaliados clínica e radiograficamente aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório. A função locomotora do membro foi avaliada em escores pré-definidos, nos referidos momentos. A avaliação macroscópica da articulação foi realizada, nos momentos pré-estabelecidos, seguida da artrotomia exploratória, bem como da coleta de biópsia para o exame microscópico. Todos os animais apresentaram função normal dos membros nos momentos avaliados. Não houve diferença clínica e radiográfica entre os grupos controle (GC) e tratado (GT). Na avaliação histopatológica, aos 30 dias, notou-se intensa celularidade em ambos os grupos, sendo que no GC esta era constituída por fibroblastos ativos e no GT por condrócitos imaturos, formando um tecido conjuntivo mais organizado. O GC apresentava fibrose e muitos fibroblastos aos 60 dias, enquanto o GT apresentava maior número de condrócitos. Aos 90 dias, constatou-se formação de tecido do tipo fibrocartilaginoso maduro em ambos os grupos. Histomorfometricamente, o GT apresentou melhor resposta ao processo de reparação nos momentos iniciais quanto ao número de células e espessura do tecido...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of national biosynthetic cellulose membrane after experimental trochleoplasty, to verify if its utilization could support chondrogenic cells migration like occurs in osseous tissue. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of this biomaterial were evaluated through the observation of the reparative process of the osteochondral injury. Twelve adult healthy dogs (Canis familiaris) were used. All dogs were submitted to trochleoplasty in both pelvic limbs and the biosynthetic cellulose membrane was applied in the left limb. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 postoperatively. The locomotor function of the limb was evaluated in scores on the differents moments. The joint macroscopic evaluation was performed before exploratory arthrotomy and biopsy for microscopic exam. All dogs showed normal function of the limbs in all differents moments. Radiographic results showed no difference in control (CG) and treated groups (TG). Microscopic results showed at 30 days an increase of the celularity in both groups was observed. In the CG it was constituted by active fibroblasts and in TG by immatures condrocytes forming a more organized connective tissue. In the CG a fibrous tissue and many fibroblasts appear at 60 days and in the TG more condrocytes appear. A mature fibrocartilaginous tissue formed in both groups at 90 days. Histomorphometrically, TG presents better response of repair process in the fist moments as the number of cells and the tissue thickness. The biosynthetic cellulose membrane didn't cause deleterious effects showing good adaptation in intrarticular environment...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 iamaguti_ls_me_botfmvz.pdf: 753163 bytes, checksum: 213a9899967bd02b03e8f98c82bf083c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de membrana biossintética de celulose (MBC) nacional, após a realização de trocleoplastia experimental em cães, com intuito de verificar se o uso desta poderia favorecer a migração de células com potencial condrogênico, assim como ocorre no tecido ósseo. A evolução pós-operatória dos cães foi analisada com especial interesse nos processos de reparação frente ao defeito osteocondral, estabelecendo as vantagens e desvantagens do uso do biomaterial. Foram utilizados 12 cães (Canis familiaris) adultos, sadios e sem alterações no aparelho locomotor. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao procedimento de trocleoplastia bilateral, sendo que a MBC foi aplicada no membro esquerdo. Os animais foram avaliados clínica e radiograficamente aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório. A função locomotora do membro foi avaliada em escores pré-definidos, nos referidos momentos. A avaliação macroscópica da articulação foi realizada, nos momentos pré-estabelecidos, seguida da artrotomia exploratória, bem como da coleta de biópsia para o exame microscópico. Todos os animais apresentaram função normal dos membros nos momentos avaliados. Não houve diferença clínica e radiográfica entre os grupos controle (GC) e tratado (GT). Na avaliação histopatológica, aos 30 dias, notou-se intensa celularidade em ambos os grupos, sendo que no GC esta era constituída por fibroblastos ativos e no GT por condrócitos imaturos, formando um tecido conjuntivo mais organizado. O GC apresentava fibrose e muitos fibroblastos aos 60 dias, enquanto o GT apresentava maior número de condrócitos. Aos 90 dias, constatou-se formação de tecido do tipo fibrocartilaginoso maduro em ambos os grupos. Histomorfometricamente, o GT apresentou melhor resposta ao processo de reparação nos momentos iniciais quanto ao número de células e espessura do tecido... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of national biosynthetic cellulose membrane after experimental trochleoplasty, to verify if its utilization could support chondrogenic cells migration like occurs in osseous tissue. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of this biomaterial were evaluated through the observation of the reparative process of the osteochondral injury. Twelve adult healthy dogs (Canis familiaris) were used. All dogs were submitted to trochleoplasty in both pelvic limbs and the biosynthetic cellulose membrane was applied in the left limb. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 postoperatively. The locomotor function of the limb was evaluated in scores on the differents moments. The joint macroscopic evaluation was performed before exploratory arthrotomy and biopsy for microscopic exam. All dogs showed normal function of the limbs in all differents moments. Radiographic results showed no difference in control (CG) and treated groups (TG). Microscopic results showed at 30 days an increase of the celularity in both groups was observed. In the CG it was constituted by active fibroblasts and in TG by immatures condrocytes forming a more organized connective tissue. In the CG a fibrous tissue and many fibroblasts appear at 60 days and in the TG more condrocytes appear. A mature fibrocartilaginous tissue formed in both groups at 90 days. Histomorphometrically, TG presents better response of repair process in the fist moments as the number of cells and the tissue thickness. The biosynthetic cellulose membrane didn't cause deleterious effects showing good adaptation in intrarticular environment...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address)