Due to rising energy costs and increasing environmental awareness, various methods of energy conservation are being investigated. In the residential sector, both solar and heat pump systems have been extensively tested. Recently, combinations of solar and heat pump systems have been developed for both space heating and water heating. These systems have the capability to provide better performances than either of the systems operating on their own. The solar collector benefits from a lower fluid (glycol) inlet temperature which increases efficiencies, and the heat pump benefits from higher evaporator temperatures due to the additional solar energy collected. For this study, a prototype of an Indirect-Solar Assisted Heat Pump for use in the Canadian environment was constructed, instrumented and tested. Controlled, constant temperature tests, as well as solar profile tests were conducted and the heat transfer rates, natural convection flow rate, and heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) were calculated. These values were then compared to simulation results based on a model developed in a previous feasibility study. The experimental COPs calculated ranged from 2.3 to 3.3 throughout the full range of tests which were conducted with supply temperatures ranging from 0°C – 40°C. The simulated results consistently overestimated the experimental results by between 12% - 15%. New empirical heat exchanger relationships were developed for the model bringing the simulated results within 5% of the experimental results for tests run at glycol flow rates of 77 and 154 kg/hr. These relationships were used to refine the model, and produce updated annual performance values in the TRNSYS simulation software. Updated results showed a 5% drop in the annual free energy ratio in Toronto from 57% to 52%, but further optimization of the system using the TRNSYS software package improved annual results up to 56%. For the purposes of the study, a solar assisted heat pump prototype was constructed and tested successfully within the laboratory environment. Results showed that the system has a strong market potential, especially in regions without a strong solar resource. Based on these results further research is recommended, continuing with a full year outdoor test using unglazed solar collectors. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-10-12 18:53:01.189

O setor residencial reflete a cultura do uso excessivo da eletricidade para aquecimento de água. Para este uso final, a inclusão de gás e complementação com energia termo-solar pode apresentar vantagem por se tratar de energia final mais compatível com os processos de transformação em energia útil na forma de calor. A inclusão destas fontes pode propiciar uma diminuição de sobrecarga no sistema elétrico e da eletrotermia no setor residencial. Este trabalho faz uma avaliação econômica dos sistemas de aquecimento de água elétrico, a gás e solar. Os sistemas são analisados considerando custos de infra-estrutura, com diferentes disponibilidades de uso, custos de equipamentos e de operação para vários níveis de consumo. A avaliação é aplicada a 3 tipologias de edificações verticais representativas no mercado da construção civil da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Os custos de serviço de aquecimento de água quente estão apresentados em função do volume de água consumido. / The residential sector reflects the culture of the indiscriminate use of electricity water heating. Inclusion of gas and thermosolar energy to the electrical supply system may present advantages as they are more compatible to consumer\"s heat transformation processes. In addition these new sources of energy may decrease the electrical and electrothermal system overload in the residential sector. This study is an economic evaluation of the electric, gas and solar water heating systems. The heating systems are analyzed taking in consideration infrastructure costs, and equipment and operation costs for different levels of consumption. The evaluation is applied to three typologies of vertical residential edifications that represent the civil construction market of the São Paulo metropolitan area. The costs of water heating service are presented in function of the consumed volume of water.

O setor residencial reflete a cultura do uso excessivo da eletricidade para aquecimento de água. Para este uso final, a inclusão de gás e complementação com energia termo-solar pode apresentar vantagem por se tratar de energia final mais compatível com os processos de transformação em energia útil na forma de calor. A inclusão destas fontes pode propiciar uma diminuição de sobrecarga no sistema elétrico e da eletrotermia no setor residencial. Este trabalho faz uma avaliação econômica dos sistemas de aquecimento de água elétrico, a gás e solar. Os sistemas são analisados considerando custos de infra-estrutura, com diferentes disponibilidades de uso, custos de equipamentos e de operação para vários níveis de consumo. A avaliação é aplicada a 3 tipologias de edificações verticais representativas no mercado da construção civil da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Os custos de serviço de aquecimento de água quente estão apresentados em função do volume de água consumido. / The residential sector reflects the culture of the indiscriminate use of electricity water heating. Inclusion of gas and thermosolar energy to the electrical supply system may present advantages as they are more compatible to consumer\"s heat transformation processes. In addition these new sources of energy may decrease the electrical and electrothermal system overload in the residential sector. This study is an economic evaluation of the electric, gas and solar water heating systems. The heating systems are analyzed taking in consideration infrastructure costs, and equipment and operation costs for different levels of consumption. The evaluation is applied to three typologies of vertical residential edifications that represent the civil construction market of the São Paulo metropolitan area. The costs of water heating service are presented in function of the consumed volume of water.

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The aim of master‘s thesis is to renovate old agricultural building and design it as nzeb building. The thesis contains three parts: 1st – design of the building, 2nd – design of building services, and 3rd – assessment of the impact of different operations in building on energy consumption. The results are then evaluated for economic and environmental savings. The renovated building in village Rozkoš will be used for many purposes. It will be divided into 3 parts – a multifunctional hall, a pub, and a club room. Multifunctional hall will be used for various activities for village itself or public. In the pub will be only cold kitchen with small dishes and beverages. Club room can be used for elderly people, workout or young people. The building is low rise and structural system is combined. The vertical load-bearing walls and columns are built of bricks. Horizontal load-bearing structures are cross vaults made also of bricks. Saddle roof is made of timber roof truss. The building site contains also an outdoor car park and a garden. The project was carried out in the Revit.