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BARBOSA, R. de L. Propriedades dielétricas intrínsecas de perovskitas duplas RE2CoMnO6 (RE = íon terra-rara). 2017. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Pós-Graduação em Física (posgrad@fisica.ufc.br) on 2017-08-23T16:49:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rlbarbosa.pdf: 2986314 bytes, checksum: fa8e3135695dd91e18a33451cfe520b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-08-23T18:16:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rlbarbosa.pdf: 2986314 bytes, checksum: fa8e3135695dd91e18a33451cfe520b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T18:16:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rlbarbosa.pdf: 2986314 bytes, checksum: fa8e3135695dd91e18a33451cfe520b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Dielectric ceramics with ordered double perovskite structure and RE2CoMnO6 stoichiometry, in which RE is a rare-earth ion, are usually multiferroic with critical magnetic and electrical transition temperatures depending on the RE ion. This family of materials crystallizes in the P21/n symmetry when there is ordering of the Mn and Co ions. This monoclinic structure has a distortion directly dependent on the RE ionic size, influencing directly the properties of these materials. In this work, we investigate the intrinsic dielectric properties of these samples for RE = Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb and Tm. These properties were investigated by infrared reflection spectroscopy, allowing to estimate both the intrinsic static dielectric constant and the dielectric losses due to the polar phonons, which allows estimating the maximum microwave quality factor obtained when a resonator is formed with the respective materials. Our results show that, as obtained for La2CoMnO6 (LaCMO), the main compound of this family, the intrinsic static dielectric constant is reduced. In the case of LaCMO, dielectric measurements performed by other authors showed a colossal effect, whose origin was extrinsic effects. Therefore, our result allows to predict that any effect that leads to very high dielectric constants is extrinsic in this family of materials. In addition, the analysis of the quality factor showed that such ceramics have a quality factor compatible with those employed in microwave dielectric resonators since the low dielectric constant is not a problem. / As cerâmicas dielétricas com estrutura perovskita dupla ordenada com estequiometria RE2CoMnO6, na qual RE é um íon terra-rara, são usualmente multiferróicas com temperaturas críticas de transição magnética e elétrica dependendo do íon RE. Esta família de materiais cristaliza-se na simetria P21/n quando há o ordenamento dos íons Mn e Co. Esta estrutura monoclínica, tem um distorção diretamente ligada ao tamanho do íon RE, o que influencia diretamente suas propriedades. Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades dielétricas intrínsecas destas amostras para RE = Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb e Tm. Tais propriedades foram investigadas por espectroscopia de reflexão especular no infravermelho, permitindo estimar tanto a constante dielétrica estática intrínseca devido aos fônons polares, como as perdas dielétricas devido a estes fônons, o que permite estimar o fator de qualidade em micro-ondas máximo obtido quando se conforma um ressonador dielétrico com o respectivo material. Nossos resultados mostram que, assim como obtido para o La2CoMnO6 (LaCMO), principal composto desta família, a constante dielétrica estática intrínseca é reduzida. No caso do LaCMO , medidas dielétricas realizadas por outros pesquisadores mostraram efeito colossal, cuja origem eram efeitos extrínsecos. Portanto, nosso resultado permite prever que qualquer efeito que leve a obter constantes dielétricas muito altas tem natureza extrínseca nesta família de materiais. Além disso, a análise do fator de qualidade mostrou que tais cerâmicas tem fator de qualidade compatível com aqueles empregados em ressonadores dielétricos para micro-ondas desde que a constante dielétrica baixa não seja um problema.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / This project focuses on the examination of the structures of lanthanide containing double perovskites of the type Ba2LnB'O6-d (Ln = lanthanide or Y3+ and B' = Nb5+, Ta5+, Sb5+ and/or Sn4+) using synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The first part of this project examined the relative stability of R3 rhombohedral and I4/m tetragonal structures as the intermediate phase adopted by the series Ba2LnB'O6 (Ln = lanthanide (III) or Y3+ and B' = Nb5+, Ta5+ or Sb5+). It was found that I4/m tetragonal symmetry was favoured when B' was a transition metal with a small number of d electrons, such as Nb5+ or Ta5+. This is due to the presence of p-bonding in these compounds. In the Ba2LnNbO6 and Ba2LnTaO6 series R3 rhombohedral symmetry was, however, favoured over I4/m tetragonal symmetry when Ln = La3+ or Pr3+ due to the larger ionic radius of these cations. The incompatibility of the d0 and d10 B'-site cations in this family of compounds was indicated by significant regions of phase segregation in the two series Ba2Eu1-xPrxNb1-xSbxO6 and Ba2NdNb1-xSbxO6. In the second part of this project the compounds in the series Ba2LnSnxB'1-xO6-d (Ln = Pr, Nd or Tb and B' = Nb5+ or Sb5+) were examined to understand the relative stability of oxygen vacancies in these materials compared to the oxidation of the lanthanide cations and to determine if any oxygen vacancy ordering occurred. It was found, using a combination of structural characterisation, X ray Absorption Near Edge Structure and Ultra-Violet, Visible and Near Infrared spectroscopies, that with Ln = Pr or Tb increased Sn4+ doping results in a change in the oxidation state of the Ln3+ cations to Ln4+. This leads to those series containing little or no oxygen vacancies. A loss of B site cation ordering was found to accompany this oxidation state change and phase segregation was found to occur in the Ba2PrSnxSb1-xO6-d series most likely due to the Pr3+ and Pr4+ cations segregating into different phases. The Nd3+ cations in the series Ba2NdSnxSb1-xO6-d, however, can not oxidise to the tetravalent state so the number of oxygen vacancies rises with increasing x. It was found that oxygen vacancies concentrate onto the axial site of the compounds with x = 0.6 and 0.8 at ambient temperature. In Ba2Sn0.6Sb0.4O5.7 the oxygen vacancies were found to change to concentrating on the equatorial site at higher temperatures and it is suggested that this oxygen vacancy ordering plays a role in the adoption of I2/m monoclinic symmetry.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / This project focuses on the examination of the structures of lanthanide containing double perovskites of the type Ba2LnB'O6-d (Ln = lanthanide or Y3+ and B' = Nb5+, Ta5+, Sb5+ and/or Sn4+) using synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The first part of this project examined the relative stability of R3 rhombohedral and I4/m tetragonal structures as the intermediate phase adopted by the series Ba2LnB'O6 (Ln = lanthanide (III) or Y3+ and B' = Nb5+, Ta5+ or Sb5+). It was found that I4/m tetragonal symmetry was favoured when B' was a transition metal with a small number of d electrons, such as Nb5+ or Ta5+. This is due to the presence of p-bonding in these compounds. In the Ba2LnNbO6 and Ba2LnTaO6 series R3 rhombohedral symmetry was, however, favoured over I4/m tetragonal symmetry when Ln = La3+ or Pr3+ due to the larger ionic radius of these cations. The incompatibility of the d0 and d10 B'-site cations in this family of compounds was indicated by significant regions of phase segregation in the two series Ba2Eu1-xPrxNb1-xSbxO6 and Ba2NdNb1-xSbxO6. In the second part of this project the compounds in the series Ba2LnSnxB'1-xO6-d (Ln = Pr, Nd or Tb and B' = Nb5+ or Sb5+) were examined to understand the relative stability of oxygen vacancies in these materials compared to the oxidation of the lanthanide cations and to determine if any oxygen vacancy ordering occurred. It was found, using a combination of structural characterisation, X ray Absorption Near Edge Structure and Ultra-Violet, Visible and Near Infrared spectroscopies, that with Ln = Pr or Tb increased Sn4+ doping results in a change in the oxidation state of the Ln3+ cations to Ln4+. This leads to those series containing little or no oxygen vacancies. A loss of B site cation ordering was found to accompany this oxidation state change and phase segregation was found to occur in the Ba2PrSnxSb1-xO6-d series most likely due to the Pr3+ and Pr4+ cations segregating into different phases. The Nd3+ cations in the series Ba2NdSnxSb1-xO6-d, however, can not oxidise to the tetravalent state so the number of oxygen vacancies rises with increasing x. It was found that oxygen vacancies concentrate onto the axial site of the compounds with x = 0.6 and 0.8 at ambient temperature. In Ba2Sn0.6Sb0.4O5.7 the oxygen vacancies were found to change to concentrating on the equatorial site at higher temperatures and it is suggested that this oxygen vacancy ordering plays a role in the adoption of I2/m monoclinic symmetry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Antonio Luiz Martins Junior.pdf: 2188938 bytes, checksum: 2158404e55575579b79bcf24267df24b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, researchers and scientists has been devoted more to the study of inorganic materials, in particular the oxides known as perovskites, because its technological use. The analysis of their properties have been made by various techniques, among these we can mention the Raman spectroscopy and infrared, which show very sensitive to changes in the structure of these oxides. Thus, this work presents the study of phonons at room temperature the double perovskites Ca₃Mn₂WO₉ (CMWO) and Ca₃Mn₂NbO₉ (CMNO) by means of Raman scattering techniques and transmittance Infrared. Both compounds crystallize in a monoclinic system space group P2₁/n, with Z = 2. The Raman and infrared spectra are interpreted by the group factor analysis in terms of the space group P2₁/n. Also the vibrational modes of stretching and folding B were reported "- O. The observed spectra are very similar to the cubic perovskite structure prototype dual Fm3m indicating that the phases of the study result of minor distortions cubic cell. It is also observed an unexpected band in the Raman spectra of both materials. We suggest that this additional bandwidth would result from occupational disorder of the sites of the cation B, which is evidenced in both phases. / Nos últimos anos, pesquisadores e cientistas tem se dedicado mais ao estudo de materiais inorgânicos, em particular aos óxidos denominados perovskitas, devido o seu aproveitamento tecnológico. A análise de suas propriedades tem sido feita por diversas técnicas, entre estas podemos citar as espectroscopias Raman e de Infravermelho, que se mostram muito sensíveis às mudanças na estrutura desses óxidos. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta o estudo de fônons à temperatura ambiente das perovskitas duplas Ca₃Mn₂WO₉ (CMWO) e Ca₃Mn₂NbO₉ (CMNO), por meio das técnicas de espalhamento Raman e transmitância de Infravermelho. Ambos os compostos cristalizam em um sistema monoclínico com grupo espacial P2₁/n, com Z = 2. Os espectros Raman e infravermelho são interpretados por meio da análise do grupo fator em termos do grupo espacial P2₁/n. Também foram reportados os modos vibracionais de estiramento e dobramento do B - O. Os espectros observados são muito semelhantes ao do protótipo cúbico de estrutura perovskitas dupla Fm m indicando que as fases em estudo resultam de pequenas distorções da célula cúbica. Observa-se também uma banda inesperada nos espectros Raman de ambos materiais. Nós sugerimos que essa banda adicional seria resultado da desordem ocupacional dos sítios do cátion B, que é evidenciada nas duas fases.

<p> This thesis reports a systematic study of geometrically frustrated f.c.c. double perovskites with both monoclinic (P2₁/n) La₂LiMO₆ and cubic (Fm3m) Ba₂YMO₆ symmetries, where M=Mo (S=1/2), Re (S=1) and Ru (S=3/2). The roles of both the spin quantum number, i.e. quantum spin fluctuations, and the local site symmetry, i.e. orbital ordering, on the determination of the ground magnetic state were studied. All the compounds were prepared by solid state reaction and the structural information and magnetic properties of the compounds were collected using diffraction techniques (X-ray and neutron), de susceptibility, heat capacity, muon spin relaxation (μSR) and solid state NMR. </p> <p> The S=3/2 materials, La₂LiRuO₆ and Ba₂YRuO₆, while highly frustrated with frustration indices f ~ 16 and 8, respectively, both show antiferromagnetic (AF) long range ordering at 24K and 37K, respectively. The Neel temperature of the latter compound was determined for the first time by the heat capacity and neutron diffraction. This compound shows an unusual AF transition as two broader peaks were observed in the susceptibility while La₂LiRuO₆ shows a typical AF behavior. There is about 1 % of Y/Ru site mixing observed by 89Y MAS NMR in Ba₂YRuO₆. </p> <p> For the S=1 materials, monoclinic La₂LiReO₆ shows collective singlet like behavior as zero magnetization was observed in the ZFC susceptibility and a static and diluted spin system was indicated by μSR. On the other hand, the cubic phase, Ba₂YReO₆ surprisingly shows a spin glass behavior confirmed by μSR while no Y/Re site mixing was observed by MAS NMR. It is also a surprising observation that this compound retains cubic symmetry down to 3K where it would have a structure transition subject to the Jahn-Teller theorem. </p> <p> Finally, the S=1/2 compounds, La₂LiMoO₆ and Ba₂YMoO₆, show quite different magnetic behavior. Monoclinic La₂LiMoO₆ shows the presence of at least short range order achieved at 18K according to the heat capacity and μSR measurements. Ba₂YMoO₆ retains cubic symmetry down to 3K and no Jahn-Teller distortion was observed at the limit of the resolution of neutron diffraction. This compound surprisingly appears to remain paramagnetic down to 2K, yet evidence for a collective singlet state was observed by a paramagnetic Knight shift measurement in NMR. This is consistent with an existing theoretical prediction. </p> <p> An extended study on other S=1/2 Mo analogues, Ba₂LuMoO₆ and Ba₂ScMoO₆ is also presented. Both compounds show cubic structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction and paramagnetic behavior down to 2K in the susceptibility. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico do MaranhÃo / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Perovskitas duplas com fÃrmula na forma A2BBâO6 (A = La, Sr, Ca, B/Bâ = Co/Mn ou Fe/Mo) sÃo materiais multiferrÃicos de grande interesse na ciÃncia devido Ãs notÃveis propriedades, que permitem aplicaÃÃes em capacitores e em memÃrias, por exemplo. AlÃm disso, mudanÃas estruturais sÃo observadas entre a forma policristalina e o filme fino. Essas propriedades podem mudar de acordo com a rota utilizada para sintetizaÃÃo do material. No nosso trabalho estudamos filmes de La2CoMnO6 sintetizados pelo mÃtodo de Pechini Modificado (MPM), com trÃs deposiÃÃes e tratados em diferentes temperaturas: 700, 800 e 900 ÂC. Os filmes foram caracterizados por difraÃÃo de raios X, Microscopia EletrÃnica de Varredura (MEV), Microscopia de ForÃa AtÃmica e espectroscopia Raman à temperatura ambiente e tambÃm variando a temperatura. As tÃcnicas de MEV e AFM foram bastante eficientes na determinaÃÃo do diÃmetro mÃdio dos filmes, fornecendo resultados correspondentes. A tÃcnica de EDS trouxe dados qualitativos da composiÃÃo do material. A difraÃÃo de Raios X confirmou a fase do filme, alÃm de ter identificado a composiÃÃo do substrato: silÃcio e platina. A espectroscopia Raman em diversos pontos possibilitou identificar a regiÃo de melhor formaÃÃo do LCMO. O estudo da mudanÃa do fÃnon mais intenso com a temperatura mostrou diferentes temperaturas para a transiÃÃo de fase paramagnÃtica-ferromagnÃtica, possibilitando confirmar que a temperatura de calcinaÃÃo dos filmes determinou elevada desordem estrutural para os filmes de LCMO tratados a 700 e 900 ÂC. Discutimos nossos resultados com outros estudos na literatura, que mostram as medidas magnÃticas como um fator determinante para comprovar a temperatura do acoplamento spin-fÃnon.