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Taiwan is an island, no matter in island or between countries. It is very important for industry in Taiwan to use convenient and quick transportation mode. Especially, as the firm has to deliver cargo in faster transportation mode. The air freight has superiority. It becomes the indispensable transportation mode. Therefore, I want to use this model in the article to explain the realistic economic environment. Downstream firm purchases an input with time restricted, but it will cost a lot for transportation. One of the possible reasons is that the downstream firm wants to force upstream firm to lower its input price. And then I consider under this kind of industry, if upstream firm integrate forward vertically, it may promote the industrial profit.

According to the combination of video/HDTV, data, and voice on a single medium, dubbed ¡§Triple Play¡¨, requires more sophisticated QoS (Quality of Service) features than are available in either VDSL1 or ADSL. Lastly, Triple Play services, with a minimum of three TV channels, several VoIP connections, and sufficient speed for Internet access, require high data rates of at least 30 ¡V 40 Mbit/s, about twice of what can be achieved under real field conditions with today¡¦s ADSL2+ solutions. VDSL2 was developed and standardized in record time to address the shortcomings of existing access technologies. It serves as the ideal xDSL technology for eliminating last-mile bottlenecks and to enable global mass deployment of advanced Triple Play services.

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The most people in the study tradition economic theory often thought the market competition degree is intense promotes the essential condition which the social welfare increases, but recent researchers have already discussed the implications of entry on social welfare to a large extent and found that entry does not increase welfare always. Previous works are useful the input suppliers and final good producers are vertically integrated; those analyses may not be suitable in vertically separated industries. Let us consider an economy with upstream and downstream markets, there are upstream firms producing a homogenous input and downstream firms producing homogenous goods to final consumers. We discuss the upstream and downstream department manufacturers the market turnover condition how to affect manufacturer of competition behavior this vertical correlation industry, the number of firms, industrial profit and the social welfare. This model analysis under free entry in the upstream market supposition or not, we find that entry in the downstream market always increases social welfare. But we discussed the downstream market when does not permit the firm free entry under the supposition, after upstream firms free entry social welfare respectively will receive the downstream firm¡¦s entry cost, the number of downstream firms or the number of upstream firms three influences.

Hydropower dams block migration routes and disrupt longitudinal connectivity in rivers, thereby posing a threat to migratory fish species. Various fish passage solutions have been implemented to improve connectivity with varying success. A well-functioning passage solution must ensure safe and timely passage routes that are used by a substantial portion of the migrating fish. In this thesis, I report the results from telemetry studies where the behavior and survival of migrating Atlantic salmon spawners, post-spawners and smolts have been evaluated in relation to hydropower dam passage. I evaluate downstream passage performance at dams with no passage solutions in the River Klarälven, and with simple passage solutions in in the Winooski River. In the River Ätran, I study both upstream- and downstream passage performance at a dam with sophisticated passage solutions based on the best available technology. In addition, I have studied the survival and behavior of post-spawners and hatchery-released smolts. A substantial portion of the spawners survived spawning and initiated downstream migration. Most males migrated downstream in autumn following spawning, whereas females tended to stay in the river until spring. For hatchery-reared smolts, early release was associated with faster initiation of migration and higher survival compared to late release. Multiple dam passage resulted in high mortality for both smolts and kelts. For smolts, dam passage, even with simple passage solutions, was associated with substantial delay and mortality. High spill levels were linked to high survival and short delay for downstream migrating salmon. The best available passage solution, which consisted of a nature-like fishway and a low sloping intake rack to guide fish to a bypass, resulted in rapid passage of a large portion of the adult migrants.

Concerns regarding the decreasing population of the American eel (reported by Castonguay et al. 1994; Haro et al. 2000) have led to design restrictions for hydropower facilities in the Eastern United States. However, the effects of these restrictions on eel passage and their impacts on power generation have not been fully researched. The goal of this study was to evaluate design parameters for bar racks that have potential to prevent entrainment of silver American eels, but also have minimal impacts on power generation. Hydraulic and biological assessments were used to determine the role of bar spacing, rack angle, and approach velocity on head loss across bar racks and the effects of bar spacing and approach velocity on eel bypass efficiency. The hydraulic assessments included computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses and laboratory experiments conducted in a re-circulatory flume at Alden Research Laboratory (Alden) in Holden MA. The flume allowed for determination of head losses across bar racks placed at angles of 45 and 90 degrees to the flow direction, with bar spacings of 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 inches (19, 25 and 38 mm) and approach velocities of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 ft/sec (0.46, 0.61 and 0.76 m/s). Biological assessment, supported by funding from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), used the same flume and included experiments with a 90 degree rack angle, bar spacings of 0.75 and 1.0 inches (19 and 25 mm), and approach velocities of 1.5 and 2.0 ft/sec (0.46 and 0.61 m/s). Bypass efficiencies, defined by the percentage of eels moving through the bypass, were evaluated for eels using three 2-hour replicate trials with nighttime releases of 30 eels per trial. Eel behavior in the vicinity of the racks was observed to the extent possible using a DIDSON acoustic camera. Experiments for the 90 degree configuration showed that the guidance efficiencies for the 0.75 inch (19 mm) spacing were greater than those for the 1.0 inch (25 mm) spacing, while the head losses for the 0.75 inch (19 mm) spacing exceeded the head losses for the 1.0 inch (25 mm) spacing by more than 10 percent. Linear regression analysis indicated that 53 percent of the variations in head width are explained by changes in the length of the eel. Results of the hydraulic evaluations were used to develop a new head loss equation that has a correlation coefficient of 98.6 percent. The results of the hydraulic and biological assessments provide a basis for quantifying the impacts of bar rack design on hydropower operation and downstream passage for American eels.

The development of information technology (IT) shortens the distance between people, blurs the boundaries among countries. People confront unprecedented shock in both living and working styles. Facing the era of speed, the firms have to recognize what their surviving competence is. Generally the adoption of IT indicates the efficiency and effectiveness of a firm. Therefore, the first centerpiece in this study is to examine the influence of adoption of IT on the manufacturing performance of thefirms. With its high quality and excellent process capability in manufacturing industry, Taiwan has currently become the "global manufacturing center". Nowadays Taiwan's firms will contract the orders of production and sales from global division of labor rather than simple manufacturing orders. The challenge that Taiwan's firms will confront in the future will be supply chain management (SCM), which is also a key issue for a firm to enhance its competence. Therefore, the second centerpiece in this study is to examine the influence of supply chain management on the manufacturing performance of the firms. Supply chain management has become a good tool of the firms in their business management. Therefore, the third centerpiece in this study is to examine the relationship between supply chain management and the development of IT, and their influence on the manufacturing performance of the firms. 79 semiconductor downstream firms were used as target of sampling for data collection, while effective recalling rate is 37%. The result of this study indicates: 1. The application extent of IT with the capability of SCM reaches significant level. 2. The capability of SCM with the manufacturing performance reaches significant level. 3. The application extent of IT with the manufacturing performance does not reach significant level.

A resource assessment of the hydrokinetic potential in Canada's rivers was completed. The main objectives of the study were to (1) quantify the potential hydrokinetic energy avail- able for development both nationally and regionally, and (2) develop geospatial datasets identifying streams or areas of high hydrokinetic potential. Flow estimates at ungauged locations were found using multiple linear regression coupled with Canonical correlation analysis (MLR-CCA). Total theoretical hydro power, equivalent to total theoretical hydroki- netic power was calculated using these ow estimates and hydraulic head estimates from DEMs. It is estimated that there are 710 GW of potential power in Canadian rivers, with 97.5% con dence that there is at least 433 GW. Downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG) relations were applied to ow estimates to nd cross section velocity and power at ungauged locations. Further testing was done on DHG relations, and were found to be most accurate when characterized by soil drainage characteristics.

Many deglaciated watersheds possess complex longitudinal profiles and spatially variable sediment sources derived from the last glaciation. Accordingly, downstream patterns in fluvial forms and characteristics of the channel and floodplain may diverge from conventional ‘graded’ watershed models where channel slope decreases downstream. Within a small, deglaciated watershed, five distinct fluvial forms were identified and it was found that the watershed is organized in a spatially variable, but generally inverted arrangement with stable, low-energy forms dominating the upper watershed and more dynamic, high-energy forms in the lower watershed. As a consequence of this inverted and variable downstream succession, and the spatially erratic organization of glacial sediment sources, downstream trends in channel and floodplain characteristics are poorly defined, and in many cases, deviate from expected trends. This is most true for sedimentological variables where multiple co-dominant controls exist, while morphological and hydrological variables better conform to expected downstream trends.