O processo convencional de furação é um dos processos de usinagem empregado em larga escala, normalmente utilizado em operações com menor responsabilidade na qualidade superficial dos furos usinados, atingindo perfis de rugosidade na ordem de 6,3 Ra. Para processos mais refinados, que atinjam 0,8 Ra, por exemplo, opta-se por processos de alargamento, mandrilamento, entre outros, que são mais onerosos em relação aos custos com ferramentas de corte e, principalmente, o tempo de operação. Na tentativa de reduzir o tempo de usinagem melhorando a qualidade dos furos obtidos nestes processos, fabricantes de ferramentas vêm desenvolvendo e aprimorando geometrias capazes de conjugar as operações de furação com operações de alargamento, obtendo resultados expressivos do ponto de vista de produtividade. As brocas alargadoras, entre outras características, são fabricadas com maior número de gumes de corte, chegando a oito de acordo com o diâmetro da ferramenta. Os canais principais têm a função de desbaste e alta remoção de cavaco, enquanto os outros canais atuam de forma a reduzir a rugosidade, removendo pouco material e proporcionando maior estabilidade para a ferramenta durante a usinagem. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar o comportamento do processo de usinagem por brocas alargadoras de quatro e seis cortes na obtenção de furos com valores máximos de rugosidade até 0,8 Ra no material ferro fundido GG30, comparando os resultados com o processo de alargamento convencional. Os resultados preliminares demonstraram que, utilizando as brocas alargadoras, consegue-se redução superior a 30% no tempo de usinagem, quando comparado ao processo convencional de alargamento, mantendo valores de rugosidade na ordem de 0,8 Ra, unindo a velocidade de um processo convencional de furação com a qualidade superficial dos furos obtidos nos processos convencionais de alargamento. / The conventional drilling process is the most used among all machining processes. It is usually applied for holes with lower quality surface requirement, with roughness around 6.3 Ra. Higher quality drilling process, with 0,8 Ra, use other drilling process such as, reaming, boring, among others. These processes are more expensive because of the cost of cutting tools and especially because of the operational time. Aiming to reducing the machining time and improve the holes surface quality, tool manufacturers have been developing and improving geometries able to combine the drilling operations with reaming operations, optimizing the productivity. The drill reamers, among other characteristics, are manufactured with the highest number of cutting edges, usually with eight edges based on tool’s diameter. The main channel have high trimming functions and high chip removal, while the other channel reduce the surface roughness, removing less material and providing greater tools stability during the machining process. The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of the machining process through drill reamers with four and six cutting edges, taken into consideration holes with roughness up to o,8 Ra in the material cast iron GG30, comparing this performance with conventional reamers’ process. The preliminary results has indicated that by using drill reamers, over 30% of the machining time can be reduced comparing to conventional reamers’ process, keeping roughness values around 0,8Ra, merging the speed of conventional drilling’ process with the surface quality of the holes obtained in conventional reamers’ processes.

With the goal to continue interplanetary exploration and search for past or existent life on Mars, software and hardware for unmanned subsurface drills are being developed. Unlike drilling on Earth, interplanetary exploration drills operate with very low available power and require on-board integrated health monitoring systems, with quick-response recovery procedures, under complete autonomous operations. As many drilling faults are not known a priori, Earth-based direction and control of an unmanned interplanetary drilling operation is not practical. Such missions also require advanced robotic systems that are more susceptible to structural and mechanical failures, which motivates a need for structural health monitoring techniques relevant to interplanetary exploration systems. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a process of detecting damage or other types of defects in structural and mechanical systems that have the potential to adversely affect the current or future performance of these systems. Strict requirements for interplanetary drilling missions create unique research problems and challenges compared with SHM procedures and techniques developed to date. These challenges include implementing sensors and devices that do not interfere with the drilling operation, producing "real-time" diagnostics of the drilling condition, and developing an automation procedure for complete autonomous operations. Thus, the completed thesis work presents basic research leading to the dynamic analysis of rotating structures with specific application to interplanetary subsurface drill systems, and the formulation of an autonomous, real-time, dynamics-based SHM technique for drilling applications. This includes modeling and validating the structural dynamic system, with and without damage or faults, for a prototype interplanetary subsurface drill, exploring the use of Laser Doppler Velocimeter sensors for use in real-time SHM, developing signal filters to remove inherent harmonic components from the dynamic signal of rotating structures, developing an automation procedure with the associated software, and validating the SHM system through laboratory experiments and field tests. The automated dynamics-based structural health monitoring technique developed in this thesis presents advanced research accomplishments leading to real-time, autonomous SHM, and it has been validated on an operating dynamic system in laboratory and field tests. The formulated SHM and drilling operation also met or exceeded all specified requirements. Other major contributions of this thesis work include the formulation and demonstration of real-time, autonomous SHM in rotating structures using Laser Doppler Velocimeter sensors.

Os processos de furação são largamente utilizados na indústria metal mecânica, envolvendo grande complexidade para profundidades maiores que cinco vezes o diâmetro. Para estes casos é necessário o emprego de máquinas, ferramentas especiais e fluidos lubri-refrigerantes pressurizados, com propriedades que atendam as solicitações severas do corte e auxiliem no transporte e remoção dos cavacos durante o processo. Esta complexidade aumenta os custos do processo, o impacto ambiental e os riscos a saúde do operador. O propósito deste estudo é analisar o processo de furação profunda com broca helicoidal de metal-duro revestida, em profundidades de até 24 vezes o diâmetro, no aço SAE 4144M, forjado e temperado com 39 HRC de dureza, utilizando o sistema lubri-refrigerante de Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificante (MQL). O estudo compara os processos com sistemas lubri-refrigerante convencional e sistema MQL, com a análise da influência no desgaste das brocas, revestidas com TiAlN e AlCrN-based. O sistema lubri-refrigerante convencional ou jorro de óleo, utiliza fluido integral de base mineral pressurizado a 50 bar, enquanto o sistema MQL utiliza fluido lubri-refrigerante sintético a 10 bar de pressão. A formulação dos experimentos é dada por “design of experiment” (DOE), considerando as variáveis: velocidade de corte, avanço, temperatura da peça e a forma do cavaco. Constatou-se que o desgaste da broca utilizando MQL, foi menor do que no processo convencional, devido ao fato da temperatura de corte ser maior, porém estável. Com a escolha adequada dos parâmetros de corte através do método, o revestimento AlCrN-based apresentou menor desgaste e adesão, devido a resistência em usinagens com altas temperaturas. / The drilling processes are widely used in the metalworking industry and involve high complexity when happen in depths more than five times the diameter. For these cases it is necessary to use special machines and tools, and pressurized fluids to enhance chip removal, with cooling and lubricating properties that meet stringent requirements. This complexity adds costs to the process, Increases the environmental impact and the health risks for the operator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deep hole drilling process (up to 24 diameters) using a twist drill coated (carbide system), the material is SAE 4144M steel forged and tempered hardness of 39 HRC, using system Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). The study compares conventional processes and MQL, with the analysis of the influence on the wear of drills coated with TiAlN and AlCrN-based. The conventional coolant uses mineral based oil integral pressurized to 50 bar, while the MQL system, using synthetic oil at 10 bar pressure. The formulation of the experiments is given by “design of experiment” (DOE), considering the variables: cutting speed, feed rate wear, temperature of the work piece and chip form. It was found that the life of the drill in MQL process was higher than that in the conventional process, due to the fact that the temperature of the cut is, more stable, although higher. With the appropriate choice of cutting parameters by the method, the AlCrN-based coating showed less wear and adhesion due to resistant to high temperatures.