The concern of society about the environmental impact mainly post-consumer waste is increasing every day. The degradation that the environment suffers from the dump this waste and the lack of sustainability that the current economic model predicts, are factors that influence the search for alternatives to solve or minimize these effects. The objective of this paper is to present the application of Lean Six Sigma in packaging reverse logistics activities in a soft drink industry. The Reverse Logistics has become important in organizations because it deals with the reverse flow of resources among members of the traditional supply chain. Can help the most points explored by organizations: maximize profit while minimizing costs. The Lean Philosophy and Methodology Six Sigma are two important and innovative trends in business and the joint application of the two methodologies can bring significant benefits to organizations. The research methods were Bibliographic Search, Documentary Research and Case Study. Applied to Lean Philosophy in the process to reduce waste and also applied up to the practical Six Sigma reduce variability. After the diagnosis of waste and variability, we applied the solutions proposed in the improvement plan and the gains were the reduction of operating costs and reduced lead time of the process. The conclusion was that Lean Six Sigma process improvement and provided significant financial gains for the organization. / A preocupação da sociedade com o impacto ambiental principalmente dos resíduos de pós-consumo vem aumentando a cada dia. A degradação que o meio ambiente sofre com o despejo destes resíduos e a ausência de sustentabilidade que o atual modelo econômico prevê, são fatores que influenciam a busca por alternativas que solucionem ou minimizem esses efeitos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a aplicação do Lean Seis Sigma nas atividades de Logística Reversa de embalagens em uma indústria de refrigerantes. A Logística Reversa tornou-se importante nas organizações, pois trata do fluxo reverso de recursos entre os integrantes da cadeia produtiva tradicional. Pode auxiliar nos pontos mais explorados pelas organizações: maximizar o lucro ao mesmo tempo minimizando custos. A Filosofia Lean e a Metodologia Seis Sigma são duas importantes e inovadoras tendências no mundo dos negócios e a aplicação conjunta das duas metodologias pode trazer benefícios significativos para organizações. Os métodos de pesquisa foram a Pesquisa Bibliográfica, a Pesquisa Documental e o Estudo de Caso. Aplicou-se a Filosofia Lean no processo para reduzir os desperdícios e aplicou-se também as praticas Seis Sigma para reduzir a variabilidade. Após a realização do diagnóstico dos desperdícios e da variabilidade, foram aplicadas as soluções propostas no plano de melhorias e os ganhos obtidos foram a redução do custo operacional e diminuição do lead time do processo. A conclusão foi que o Lean Seis Sigma proporcionou melhoria do processo e ganhos financeiros significativos para organização.

This study aims to examine the relationship between CSR communication by companies in the energy beverage industry and consumers' perception of the communication. Today’s society has during the past few years placed more and more interest on companies and is demanding the consideration for social and environmental responsibilities. Numerous studies show that customers value companies that implement social responsibility, but consumers are not aware of their CSR efforts. When it comes to the beverage industry, a special interest has been directed to energy drink industry due to negative effects on people and the environment. Even though a lot of companies work with CSR, there is a limited focus on communicating that information. The study that has been conducted to obtain the consumers point of view has been based on a qualitative method through semi-structured interviews of twelve consumers. Additional data collected in the study has been provided from primary and secondary sources from five different companies, mainly though the companies' official websites. In this essay, an in-depth analysis has been applied to companies' communication of CSR and the consumers perception. The results of this study show that there is a distinct gap in the communication of CSR between the companies and the perception of the consumers. For the businesses, this means that they are missing out on many possible benefits and thus needs to address their way of communication through improved solutions. In order to address this gap, better application of strategies as well as relevant platforms are required. / Denna studie syftar till att undersöka relationen mellan CSR kommunikation av företag inom energidrycksbranschen och konsumenternas uppfattning av kommunikationen. Dagens samhälle har under de senaste åren ställt allt fler krav på företag och kräver att de tar hänsyn till sociala och miljömässiga aspekter. Ett flertal studier visar att konsumenter värderar företag som implementerar socialt ansvarstagande, däremot är de inte införstådda med vad företagen arbetar med. När det gäller dryckesindustrin har särskilt intresse riktats till energidrycksbranschen på grund av deras negativa effekter för människor och miljö. Trots att många av företagen arbetar med CSR läggs det mindre fokus på att kommunicera informationen. Undersökningen som har genomförts för att ta del av konsumenternas synpunkter har utgått från en kvalitativ metod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med tolv konsumenter. Ytterligare data som har samlats i studien har tillhandahållits från primär och sekundärkällor från fem olika företag, främst genom företagens officiella hemsidor. I uppsatsen tillämpas en djupgående analys på företagens kommunikation av CSR och konsumenternas uppfattning. Studiens resultat visar på att det finns ett gap mellan företagens CSR kommunikation och konsumenternas uppfattning. För företagen innebär gapet att de går miste om flera möjliga fördelar och de behöver därmed åtgärda sin kommunikation genom en bättre tillämpning av strategier och relevanta plattformar.

Final draft report presented to the Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa / The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the major service quality variables that determine customer satisfaction for the Carbonated Soft Drink market which is dynamic and is also part of the highly competitive impulse beverage industry in South Africa. Amalgamated Beverages Industry (aka Coca Cola) still holds the lion’s share of the market although its share has fallen in the last 5 years presumably due to the growth in the consumption of substitutes such as bottled water, 100% fruit juices, energy drinks and dairy juice blends. The proliferation of “diet conscious” consumers has exacerbated the situation. These alternatives are the primary growth areas in the impulse beverage market. This has obviously threatened the viability and profitability of major players in this industry. To date the performance of Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSDs) has been less than satisfactory. There are other key players which have penetrated this market namely Pepsi, trading as Pioneer Foods, Royal, Pioneer Foods, California Cola, Pick ‘n Pay and Quality Beverages. For purposes of this study the three key players were chosen namely ABI, Pepsi and Quality Beverages. These key players have made huge investments in this industry at the level of production and distribution. In addition heavy investments go towards advertising and promotional campaigns. This research is exploratory in nature and makes way for further research in order to reach a more logical conclusion. This study is conducted within the confines of Gauteng region and more specifically Johannesburg North and Central. These two regions were chosen because the researcher resides close to these regions and wanted to minimize the costs involved in this study. The researcher also assumed the findings are a true representation of the broader picture of the South African scenario. Before collecting information the researcher initially consulted recent articles, books, magazines, company reports and even the internet in order to develop a clear understanding of the industry. This also helped the researcher to make logical decisions in the course` of undertaking the research. To that effect the researcher adopted the service quality SERVQUAL and the Gaps models in coming up with a measurement instrument for the research. The CSD companies have two broad categories of customers namely the trader and the end user or consumer. The trader purchases the product for purposes of research whilst the end user buys for consumption. This research focused on the trade customer. According to research experts a sample of more than 5% of the total population does not compromise validity. However the researcher opted for more than 10% of the total population in order to increase reliability of the results. Thus from the population size of 965 trade outlets the researcher arrived at a sample of 100. The traders were classified into four major categories namely retail outlets, wholesalers, restaurants and service stations. Information was collected from these 100 traders using personal interviews. The researcher is the one who conducted all the interviews. Information was gathered from buyers, managers and owners. The researcher took advantage of the Statistical Package for Social Scientists in order to make a meaningful analysis of the data collected. Many service oriented recommendations have been promulgated by this research. They are neither exhaustive nor prescriptive given the time constraint within which this research was conducted.

The aim of this study was to determine a carbon and water footprint for a beverage manufacturing company. The carbon footprint determination was conducted on Scope 1 and Scope 2. The water footprint was determined on the blue water and grey water. The beverage production volumes of the beverage manufacturing company were used to determine both the carbon and the water footprint. The theoretical background to this study was based on both local and international beverage companies and the outcome for the carbon and water footprint was benchmarked against the local and international companies. The objectives of this study were achieved by calculating a carbon and water footprint for the beverage company. The carbon footprint unit of measure is g CO2e / litre produced and the water footprint is litre water/litre produced. The unit of measure for pollutant grey water footprint is measured in milligram. Based on the results achieved in this study, recommendations for carbon and water footprint reductions were made to the beverage company. Reduction targets for production year 2020 were also recommended based on the implementation of the reduction plans. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

Final draft report presented to the Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa / The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the major service quality variables that determine customer satisfaction for the Carbonated Soft Drink market which is dynamic and is also part of the highly competitive impulse beverage industry in South Africa. Amalgamated Beverages Industry (aka Coca Cola) still holds the lion’s share of the market although its share has fallen in the last 5 years presumably due to the growth in the consumption of substitutes such as bottled water, 100% fruit juices, energy drinks and dairy juice blends. The proliferation of “diet conscious” consumers has exacerbated the situation. These alternatives are the primary growth areas in the impulse beverage market. This has obviously threatened the viability and profitability of major players in this industry. To date the performance of Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSDs) has been less than satisfactory. There are other key players which have penetrated this market namely Pepsi, trading as Pioneer Foods, Royal, Pioneer Foods, California Cola, Pick ‘n Pay and Quality Beverages. For purposes of this study the three key players were chosen namely ABI, Pepsi and Quality Beverages. These key players have made huge investments in this industry at the level of production and distribution. In addition heavy investments go towards advertising and promotional campaigns. This research is exploratory in nature and makes way for further research in order to reach a more logical conclusion. This study is conducted within the confines of Gauteng region and more specifically Johannesburg North and Central. These two regions were chosen because the researcher resides close to these regions and wanted to minimize the costs involved in this study. The researcher also assumed the findings are a true representation of the broader picture of the South African scenario. Before collecting information the researcher initially consulted recent articles, books, magazines, company reports and even the internet in order to develop a clear understanding of the industry. This also helped the researcher to make logical decisions in the course` of undertaking the research. To that effect the researcher adopted the service quality SERVQUAL and the Gaps models in coming up with a measurement instrument for the research. The CSD companies have two broad categories of customers namely the trader and the end user or consumer. The trader purchases the product for purposes of research whilst the end user buys for consumption. This research focused on the trade customer. According to research experts a sample of more than 5% of the total population does not compromise validity. However the researcher opted for more than 10% of the total population in order to increase reliability of the results. Thus from the population size of 965 trade outlets the researcher arrived at a sample of 100. The traders were classified into four major categories namely retail outlets, wholesalers, restaurants and service stations. Information was collected from these 100 traders using personal interviews. The researcher is the one who conducted all the interviews. Information was gathered from buyers, managers and owners. The researcher took advantage of the Statistical Package for Social Scientists in order to make a meaningful analysis of the data collected. Many service oriented recommendations have been promulgated by this research. They are neither exhaustive nor prescriptive given the time constraint within which this research was conducted.

Účelem této práce je analyzovat potenciální expanzi Kofoly, ČeskoSlovensko a.s. do Německa a poskytnout doporučení na základě výzkumu a literatury. Autor bude analyzovat odvětví nealkoholických nápojů a podnikatelský potenciál v Německu.

Introducción: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas (SSB) se ha relacionado con un incremento en el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), lo cual sería especialmente preocupante en poblaciones con un potencial de exposición prolongada, tales como estudiantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el consumo calórico proveniente de SSB medido mediante el cuestionario Bevq-15 e IMC en estudiantes de carreras de ciencias de la salud de una universidad peruana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en base a la medición del consumo calórico de 15 bebidas mediante la administración del cuestionario BEVQ-15 y la toma de medidas antropométricas a universitarios durante 2018 - 2019. Se evaluó la asociación cruda y ajustada usando modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: Se incluyó a 350 personas. La mediana fue de 21 años y el 58.29% fueron mujeres. La mediana del IMC fue de 24.00 (21.75 - 26.90). El consumo promedio de calorías provenientes de bebidas azucaradas fue de 25.35 kcal/día. Se asoció un IMC menor con el sexo femenino (p<0.001), la carrera de nutrición (p=0.002) y nunca haber consumido tabaco (p=0.027). Se asoció un IMC mayor a la dislipidemia (p=0.014) y a un mayor consumo de calorías diarias provenientes de SSB (p<0.001). En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación significativa entre el consumo de calorías provenientes de SSB y el IMC, ajustado por edad, sexo y tabaquismo (coeficiente β: 0.68; IC95% 0.04-1.33; p=0.037). Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación entre el consumo de calorías derivadas de SSB y un mayor IMC. Se debe impulsar intervenciones destinadas a la disminución de su consumo en estudiantes. / Introduction: The consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) has been related to an increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI), which would be especially worrisome in populations with a prolonged exposure potential, such as students. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the caloric intake from SSB measured by the Bevq-15 questionnaire and BMI in health sciences students at a Peruvian university. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study based on the measurement of the caloric consumption of 15 beverages based on the administration of the BEVQ-15 questionnaire and the measurement of college students’ anthropometric measurements during 2018-2019. The crude and adjusted association were evaluated using linear regression models. Results: We enrolled 350 participants. The median age was 21 years and 58.29% were women. The median BMI was 24.00 (21.75 - 26.90). The average consumption of calories from SSB was 25.35 kcal/day. A lower BMI was associated with the female sex (p <0.001), the nutrition career (p = 0.002) and never having used tobacco (p = 0.027). A higher BMI was associated with dyslipidemia (p = 0.014) and a greater consumption of daily calories from SSB (p <0.001). In the multivariate analysis, a significant association was found between the consumption of calories from SSB and BMI, adjusted for age, sex and smoking (β coefficient: 0.68, 95% CI 0.04-1.33, p = 0.037). Conclusions: An association was found between the consumption of calories derived from SSB and a higher BMI. Interventions aimed at reducing student consumption should be promoted. / Tesis