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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Selected Topics in Foundation Design, Quality Assurance, and Remediation

Winters, Danny 01 May 2014 (has links)
There are over 602,000 bridges in the United States, of which 12.5% are classified as functionally obsolete and 11.2% are structurally deficient. The functionally obsolete bridges will require expansion or replacement to increase the service capacity of the bridge. The structurally deficient bridges will either need remediation of the load carrying elements which are damaged or deteriorated or will need to be replaced completely. Replacement of the bridges means new construction; new construction means better design and quality assurance to meet the 100+ year service life requirement in place now. Rehabilitation of bridges will require better design and quality assurance to increase the current service life of the structure. This dissertation presents new design, testing, and repair methods developed to extend the life of new and existing bridges through pressure grouting, thermal integrity testing of drilled shafts, and the bond enhancement of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) repair materials bonded to concrete with vacuum bagging and pressure bagging, respectively. Pressure grouting of drilled shaft tips has been used for over five decades to improve the end bearing capacity, but no rational design procedure had ever been published until this study. The research outlined in this dissertation analyzed nine grouted shafts and compared them to standard design procedures to determine the improvement in end bearing. Improvements ranged from 60% to 709% increase in end bearing capacity. From these improvements, a design procedure was developed for pressure grouted drilled shafts. Post construction inspection of drilled shafts relies largely on non-visual techniques dealing with measured concrete quantities, acoustic wave speed or frequency, gamma radiation attenuation and now the internal temperature of the curing concrete. Thermal Integrity Profiling (TIP), developed at USF, utilizes the heat of hydration of curing concrete to evaluate the concrete cover, foundation shape, cage alignment, and concrete mix design performance. This research developed standard test equipment and procedures for thermal integrity testing. Comparing the results of the different types of integrity tests is difficult due to the varied nature of the different tests. The dissertation looked at various shafts constructed across the nation which were tested with thermal and at least one other integrity test method. When compared to acoustic and gamma radiation test results, TIP agreed with 4 of 6 cases for acoustic and 2 of 5 cases using gamma radiation. In the one case were both sonic caliper and inclination data were available, TIP showed good agreement. Vacuum bagging and pressure bagging are techniques for improving the FRP-concrete bond in the repair of partially submerged piles. Prototype vacuum bagging and pressure bagging systems were developed and bond improvement assessed from results of pullout tests on full size piles repaired under simulated tidal exposures in the laboratory. Pressure bagging gave better bond and was found to be simpler because it did not require an airtight seal. A field demonstration project was conducted in which pressure bagging was used in combination with two different glass FRP systems to repair two corroding piles supporting the Friendship Trails Bridge across Tampa Bay. Inspection of the post-cured wrap showed no evidence of air voids.
2

System reliability for bridge bent foundations on driven piles

Hall, Taylor Quinn 05 November 2013 (has links)
Modern day bridge foundations are often designed for the maximum loading condition on a single member and each following foundation member often follows the same design. A 4-pile and a 2-pile foundation system were analyzed with an upperbound plasticity model in an attempt to approximately represent the system capacity. A sensitivity analysis was performed to measure the change in the ultimate system capacity by altering the parameters used to define individual pile capacities. The load and the resistance are considered to be normally distributed and are each characterized by a mean and a standard deviation. A first order reliability method was used to measure and account for any system redundancy in the foundation system by predicting a probability of failure based on the load and resistance of the system. Based on the most heavily loaded pile and the analysis performed on the 2-pile and 4-pile foundation systems, the probabilities of failure are lower for the system than for the single pile. This would bring reason to state there is some measurable redundancy in the basic systems analyzed where these systems would once be considered to be non-redundant systems. / text
3

Assessment of time-dependent capacity of driven piles in Ohio soils

Heron, Matthew Joseph 30 May 2019 (has links)
No description available.
4

RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN AND QUALITY CONTROL OF DRIVEN PILES

Yang, Luo 05 October 2006 (has links)
No description available.
5

Avaliação do efeito \"set-up\" em estacas cravadas em solos argilosos através da teoria da expansão da cavidade cilíndrica. / \"Set-up\" evaluation on driven piles in clayey soils through the cylindrical cavity expansion theory.

Silva, Pedro Cavalheiro Ribeiro da 15 September 2016 (has links)
Tem sido observado, de longa data, que ensaios de carregamento dinâmico e provas de carga estática realizados em estacas cravadas após diferentes intervalos de tempo da cravação mostram que podem ocorrer variações nas suas capacidades de carga ao longo do tempo, que em certos casos levam ao aumento da resistência do solo e em outros casos resultam na diminuição da resistência do solo. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica do fenômeno de ganho, com o tempo, de resistência de estacas cravadas em solos argilosos conhecido por efeito \"set-up\", cujos principais mecanismos são explicados por teorias relacionadas à variação das pressões neutras, geradas ao redor das estacas durante a cravação. O método adotado nas análises envolve conceitos da teoria da expansão da cavidade cilíndrica, onde o objetivo principal é entender o comportamento de estacas cravadas em solos argilosos, nos quais o efeito \"set-up\" é normalmente mais acentuado. Os fenômenos pertinentes são avaliados através de análises teóricas, usando o método de Randolph, e numéricas, recorrendo ao método dos elementos finitos. Estas análises foram validadas através de modelagens numéricas comparadas a dados de campo apresentados por ETC (Earth Technology Corporation), sendo observada boa aderência entre os dados de campos e os resultados das estimativas teóricas. A aplicação desta metodologia permite estimar variações tanto das tensões radiais efetivas quanto dos atritos laterais unitários em função do tempo, levando em conta dois parâmetros mais relevantes, a saber, resistência não-drenada e coeficiente de adensamento primário horizontal. Comparações são feitas a ensaios de carregamento dinâmico realizados em estacas cravadas em uma obra da Baixada Santista (SP). Os resultados obtidos mostram uma dispersão no ganho das resistências das estacas analisadas, mas com variações dentro de uma faixa de valores relativamente estreita. Além disso, revelam valores teóricos de \"set-up\", relativo a parcela de atrito lateral, em um intervalo entre 2,0 e 2,5 aproximadamente, 20 dias após a cravação. Apesar das dispersões encontradas, inerentes a este tipo de estudo, considera-se que os resultados obtidos significam um importante passo para melhor entendimento do efeito \"set-up\". / For a long time, it has been observed that load tests performed on driven piles show that there may be variations in load capacity over time, which in some cases lead to an increase in soil resistance and in other cases result in decrease of soil resistance. In this study, a review is presented about the mechanisms that lead to the gains in pile load capacity with time, known as \"set-up\", whose main mechanisms are explained by theories related to the excess porepressures generated around the piles during installation. The presented method involves the theory of cylindrical cavity expansion, where the main objective is to understand the behavior of driven piles in clayey soils, in which \"Set-up\" is usually more pronounced. The relevant phenomena are evaluated by theoretical analysis, based in Randolph\'s method, and numerical analysis, using the finite element method. These analyzes were validated through numerical analysis compared to field data presented by ETC (Earth Technology Corporation). Good agreement has been observed between field data and the theoretical results. The methodology allows to estimate variations in both the effective radial stress and the unit friction resistance over time, considering two main parameters, undrained shear strength and horizontal coefficient of consolidation. Comparisons are made to dynamic load tests conducted on driven piles located in Santos Coastal Plane (\"Baixada Santista\"), in São Paulo - Brazil. A dispersion in the results of the load capacities has been observed, but within a relatively narrow range of values. In adittion, the theoretical values of lateral \"set-up\" were obtained in a range between 2,0 and 2,5 approximately 20 days after installation. Knowing that dispersions are inherent to this type of study, it is considered that the results imply an important step to a better understanding of the \"set-up\".
6

Avaliação do efeito \"set-up\" em estacas cravadas em solos argilosos através da teoria da expansão da cavidade cilíndrica. / \"Set-up\" evaluation on driven piles in clayey soils through the cylindrical cavity expansion theory.

Pedro Cavalheiro Ribeiro da Silva 15 September 2016 (has links)
Tem sido observado, de longa data, que ensaios de carregamento dinâmico e provas de carga estática realizados em estacas cravadas após diferentes intervalos de tempo da cravação mostram que podem ocorrer variações nas suas capacidades de carga ao longo do tempo, que em certos casos levam ao aumento da resistência do solo e em outros casos resultam na diminuição da resistência do solo. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica do fenômeno de ganho, com o tempo, de resistência de estacas cravadas em solos argilosos conhecido por efeito \"set-up\", cujos principais mecanismos são explicados por teorias relacionadas à variação das pressões neutras, geradas ao redor das estacas durante a cravação. O método adotado nas análises envolve conceitos da teoria da expansão da cavidade cilíndrica, onde o objetivo principal é entender o comportamento de estacas cravadas em solos argilosos, nos quais o efeito \"set-up\" é normalmente mais acentuado. Os fenômenos pertinentes são avaliados através de análises teóricas, usando o método de Randolph, e numéricas, recorrendo ao método dos elementos finitos. Estas análises foram validadas através de modelagens numéricas comparadas a dados de campo apresentados por ETC (Earth Technology Corporation), sendo observada boa aderência entre os dados de campos e os resultados das estimativas teóricas. A aplicação desta metodologia permite estimar variações tanto das tensões radiais efetivas quanto dos atritos laterais unitários em função do tempo, levando em conta dois parâmetros mais relevantes, a saber, resistência não-drenada e coeficiente de adensamento primário horizontal. Comparações são feitas a ensaios de carregamento dinâmico realizados em estacas cravadas em uma obra da Baixada Santista (SP). Os resultados obtidos mostram uma dispersão no ganho das resistências das estacas analisadas, mas com variações dentro de uma faixa de valores relativamente estreita. Além disso, revelam valores teóricos de \"set-up\", relativo a parcela de atrito lateral, em um intervalo entre 2,0 e 2,5 aproximadamente, 20 dias após a cravação. Apesar das dispersões encontradas, inerentes a este tipo de estudo, considera-se que os resultados obtidos significam um importante passo para melhor entendimento do efeito \"set-up\". / For a long time, it has been observed that load tests performed on driven piles show that there may be variations in load capacity over time, which in some cases lead to an increase in soil resistance and in other cases result in decrease of soil resistance. In this study, a review is presented about the mechanisms that lead to the gains in pile load capacity with time, known as \"set-up\", whose main mechanisms are explained by theories related to the excess porepressures generated around the piles during installation. The presented method involves the theory of cylindrical cavity expansion, where the main objective is to understand the behavior of driven piles in clayey soils, in which \"Set-up\" is usually more pronounced. The relevant phenomena are evaluated by theoretical analysis, based in Randolph\'s method, and numerical analysis, using the finite element method. These analyzes were validated through numerical analysis compared to field data presented by ETC (Earth Technology Corporation). Good agreement has been observed between field data and the theoretical results. The methodology allows to estimate variations in both the effective radial stress and the unit friction resistance over time, considering two main parameters, undrained shear strength and horizontal coefficient of consolidation. Comparisons are made to dynamic load tests conducted on driven piles located in Santos Coastal Plane (\"Baixada Santista\"), in São Paulo - Brazil. A dispersion in the results of the load capacities has been observed, but within a relatively narrow range of values. In adittion, the theoretical values of lateral \"set-up\" were obtained in a range between 2,0 and 2,5 approximately 20 days after installation. Knowing that dispersions are inherent to this type of study, it is considered that the results imply an important step to a better understanding of the \"set-up\".
7

Long-term set-up of driven piles in sand.

Axelsson, Gary January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
8

Long-term set-up of driven piles in sand.

Axelsson, Gary January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
9

Determinação da capacidade de carga última de estaca cravada em ensaio de carregamento dinâmico de energia crescente / The evaluation of the ultimate bearing capacity of driven piles by using increasing energy dynamic load tests

Aoki, Nelson 07 November 1997 (has links)
Esta tese aplica o conceito de energia complementar para a determinação da capacidade de carga última de estaca cravada no ensaio de carregamento dinâmico de energia crescente. O ensaio de carregamento dinâmico com impactos de energia constante só permite obter a resistência estática mobilizada do modelo de CASE ou de SMITH com base na teoria da equação da onda e no Pile Driving Analyzer. A aplicação de impactos de energia crescente mostra que a curva de resistência estática - deslocamento dinâmico apresenta: a) trecho linear crescente seguido de trecho que se curva até que a tangente se torna vertical ou b) trecho crescente quase linear até um pico de resistência, seguido de uma curva de descarga até um determinado valor que corresponde à tangente vertical ou, c) trecho linear crescente seguido de trecho curvo cuja tangente não se verticaliza e onde a resistência volta a crescer. A ruptura do sistema estaca - maciço de solos é caracterizada pela energia complementar que passa em um máximo sempre que a resistência mobilizada atinge um pico. No pós-ruptura o excesso de energia aplicada e o excesso de trabalho das forças de amortecimento do impacto, em relação ao pico máximo, crescem linearmente com o nível de energia cinética aplicada. / This thesis suggests how to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity of driven piles by using dynamic load tests with increasing energy. The dynamic load test with constant energy blows only allows the determination of the mobilized static resistance (CASE and SMITH\'s model), by using the wave equation theory and the Pile Driving Analyzer. The application of increasing energy blows shows that this static resistance: a) increases with increasing energy and then becomes constant or; b) increases with increasing energy up to a peak resistance and thereafter first decreases and then becomes constant or, c) starts to increase with increasing energy, then remains constant and after some blows starts to increase again. lt is shown that the rupture of the pile-soil system is characterized by the kinetic complementary energy reaching an upper limit when the impact mobilizes the maximum static pile capacity. All the energy or work done by damping forces, in excess of this maximum or peak situation, increases linearly with increasing energy.
10

Contribuição ao estudo do efeito tridimensional de instalação e de grupo em estacas cravadas em areia. / Contribution to the 3D prediction of installation and group effect on driven piles in sand.

Alessandra Conde de Freitas 19 March 2010 (has links)
O efeito de instalação de estacas cravadas em areia, que promove um aumento da compacidade do solo e de seus parâmetros de resistência e deformabilidade, é analisado nesta dissertação em conjunto com o efeito de grupo. O procedimento estabelecido objetiva quantificar a melhoria após a instalação de um grupo de estacas e foi desenvolvido nesta pesquisa a partir da contribuição de Alves (1998). Para a utilização deste procedimento, foram propostas correlações do módulo de Young do solo em função da resistência à penetração NSPT (ou da resistência à penetração normalizada N60), a partir de um banco de dados obtido da literatura, visando não apenas as aplicações implementadas neste estudo, como também nortear futuras aplicações práticas. Na análise de casos documentados da literatura, foi utilizado o programa Plaxis 3D Foundation. Inicialmente foi procedida a calibração do programa através da reprodução de um caso de instrumentação de um grupo de estacas na argila rija de Londres, muito bem documentado por Cooke et al. (1980). Os resultados das simulações, com parâmetros do solo obtidos da literatura, se ajustaram muito bem aos resultados experimentais, seja nos valores de recalque, seja nos diagramas de transferência de carga. Posteriormente, a melhoria do solo por efeito da instalação foi estimada, através do procedimento estabelecido nesta dissertação, baseado em Alves (1998), a partir das características iniciais do solo antes da instalação de um grupo de estacas em modelo reduzido em solo arenoso. Obtidos os parâmetros melhorados previstos para o solo após a instalação, estes foram aplicados a um grupo de 9 estacas, para diferentes espaçamentos relativos, como dados de entrada no programa Plaxis. A comparação dos resultados experimentais com aqueles simulados numericamente sinaliza para o potencial tanto do programa Plaxis, na reprodução do comportamento do conjunto, como do modelo de Alves (1998), que norteou o procedimento proposto nesta pesquisa. O fator de escala, ressaltado na dissertação, bem como outros aspectos relevantes observados nas análises realizadas, são propostos como temas futuros a serem investigados na continuidade desta linha de pesquisa. / The installation effect of piles driven in sand, which increases soill density, strength and deformability parameters, is analyzed in this research, together with the pile-group effect. The procedure has been established aiming at the soil improvement achieved after installation of the piles. The proposed procedure is based on Alves (1998). In order to apply the procedure, correlations between the soil Young modulus and the NSPT blow count (or the normalized N60) have been established from a database obtained in the literature, aiming not only at the applications implemented in this study but also as a guideline for future practical applications. The program Plaxis 3D Foundation has been used in the analysis of documented cases from the literature, as an initial step to implement the procedure proposed in this thesis. Initially, the program has been calibrated by application to a well-documented piling group in the London stiff clay by Cooke et al. (1980). The results of the numerical simulations with soil parameters obtained from the literature have been very close to the experimental values, not only for the settlements, but also for the load transfer diagrams. The soil improvement due to pile installation has been implemented in this thesis based on Alves (1998). It has been applied to a case of small-scale model piling group in sands, taking into consideration the initial characteristics of the soil before installation and the soil improvement after driving. The updated parameters, together with different pile spacing in the 9-pile group, have been entered as input in the program Plaxis 3D Foundation. The comparison of the experimental results with those numerically simulated shows the potentiality of Plaxis program, due to its ability to properly reproduce the piling group behavior, and also of the model by Alves (1998), which guided the soil improvement procedure proposed in this research. The scale factor, highlighted in the thesis, as well as other relevant factors observed in the analyses, are topics for further investigation in continuity of this research.

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