abstract: Instrument design is intrinsic to multiple percussion solo performance preparation, from formulating a physical layout of instruments that best suit each work's technical requirements to fabricating unique instruments to fulfill each composer's sonic specifications. Several works in the multiple percussion repertoire require setups comprised partly or entirely of performer-built instruments. Given that performers have varying degrees of expertise with instrument design and construction, the specialized instruments created do not necessarily meet the level of care with which many of the masterworks in the percussion field were created. Even with the many articles, books, and other publications regarding the instrument design issues of specific works, solo percussion literature is so varied that many set-ups are created using a set of nebulous guidelines. Developing solutions to the problems inherent in multiple percussion instrument design is clearly a continuing effort. Instrument and setup design within selected works for solo multiple percussion is the focus of this document and will be addressed through specific examples from literature commonly performed on concert stages and educational institutions. The scope of this document is limited to the widely applicable design issues of three pieces: Maki Ishii's Thirteen Drums: for Percussion Solo, Op. 66 (1985), David Lang's The Anvil The Chorus: for Percussion Solo (1991), and Steve Reich's Music for Pieces of Wood: for claves (1973). The set-up designs for these pieces suggested by the author are largely the focus for which other material in this document is preparatory. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2012

The first theme which I focus on, is the life and work of the violin maker Václav Lanc. I explain his theories and methods of the violin building and setting up. I also approximate the luthiers craft and details of the string instruments construction. Then I write about the development of violin making in the Czech republic and also in the World and I emphasize the historical consequences. Finally I deal with the string musical instruments which are used at the basic music schools. The purpose is to minimize the problems, which teachers and pupils have with the daily maintenance and with setting up of the violin. At the end, for the youngest pupils, I dedicate the "Ten commandments" - How they should to look after their musical instruments. Keywords The building, the set up, the defects.

A system for visual guidance in patient set-up for external-beam radiotherapy procedures was developed using augmented reality. The system uses video cameras to obtain views of the linear accelerator, and the live images are displayed on a monitor in the treatment room. A 3D model of the patient's external surface, obtained from planning CT data, is superimposed onto the treatment couch in the camera images. The augmented monitor can then be viewed, and alignment performed against the virtual contour. The system provides an intuitive method for set-up guidance, and allows non-rigid deformations to patient pose to be visualised. It also allows changes to patient geometry between treatment fractions to become observable, and can remain in operation throughout the treatment procedure, so that patient motion becomes apparent. Coordinate registration between the camera view and the linac is performed using a cube which is aligned with the linac isocentre using room lasers or cone-beam CT. The AR tracking software detects planar fiducial tracking markers attached to the cube faces, and determines their positions in order to perform pose estimation of the 3D model on-screen. Experimental results with an anthropomorphic phantom in a clinical environment have shown that the system can be used to position a rigid-body with a translational error of 3 mm, and a rotational error of 0.19 degrees, 0.06 degrees and 0.27 degrees, corresponding to pitch, roll and yaw respectively. With further developments to optimise the system accuracy and its interface, it could be made into a valuable tool for radiotherapy clinics. The outcome of the project has been encouraging, and has shown that augmented reality for patient set-up guidance has great potential.

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A system for visual guidance in patient set-up for external-beam radiotherapy procedures was developed using augmented reality. The system uses video cameras to obtain views of the linear accelerator, and the live images are displayed on a monitor in the treatment room. A 3D model of the patient's external surface, obtained from planning CT data, is superimposed onto the treatment couch in the camera images. The augmented monitor can then be viewed, and alignment performed against the virtual contour. The system provides an intuitive method for set-up guidance, and allows non-rigid deformations to patient pose to be visualised. It also allows changes to patient geometry between treatment fractions to become observable, and can remain in operation throughout the treatment procedure, so that patient motion becomes apparent. Coordinate registration between the camera view and the linac is performed using a cube which is aligned with the linac isocentre using room lasers or cone-beam CT. The AR tracking software detects planar fiducial tracking markers attached to the cube faces, and determines their positions in order to perform pose estimation of the 3D model on-screen. Experimental results with an anthropomorphic phantom in a clinical environment have shown that the system can be used to position a rigid-body with a translational error of 3 mm, and a rotational error of 0.19 degrees, 0.06 degrees and 0.27 degrees, corresponding to pitch, roll and yaw respectively. With further developments to optimise the system accuracy and its interface, it could be made into a valuable tool for radiotherapy clinics. The outcome of the project has been encouraging, and has shown that augmented reality for patient set-up guidance has great potential.

According to the observational data in the northeast coast of Taiwan when the strong typhoon invaded, it was found that abnormal water variation happened several times, and all the abnormal water levels (storm surge) were higher than the normal engineering consideration. In this study, the variation of mean water level (wave set-up & wave set-down) due to progressive wave over a seabed with specific profile has been investigated. This specific seabed is simulated by the hydrodynamic physical models in the laboratory. Two kinds of experimental models are arranged; one is combined by three sections: slope, platform, and vertical wall, and another is combined by slope and vertical. Furthermore, two different slopes of 1/10 and 1/30 were considered. All experimental conditions were controlled such that incident waves break on slope and mean water levels were measured. In the first model arrangement, surf similarity parameter and dimensionless parameters form by incident and break wave condition are found to be functions of relative max mean water level, but when slope is steep(1/10), the relation between these dimensionless parameters is not obviously. In the second model arrangement, mean water level variation is compared with the theoretical value of single slope. When slope is mild(1/30), experimental results of mean water levels quit agree with theoretical value; when slope is steep(1/10), caused by the reflection of vertical wall, mean water levels in the break point and surf zone are different form theoretical value significantly.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse abordent la minimisation de coûts de production dans uneindustrie de produits douches et capillaires. Dans cette industrie, le processus de production inclus deuxétapes successives : la fabrication des lots de produit cosmétique et le stockage intermédiaire de ces derniers.Les coûts de production sont essentiellement liés aux opérations de lavage des ressources de fabrication etde stockage intermédiaire. Ces opérations de lavage doivent être effectuées lors de la succession des lots vuleur différentes caractéristiques physiques (couleur, viscosité,...) et chimiques (contenus chimiques,...).Ce problème est décomposé en deux sous-problèmes. Le premier consiste en l'optimisation du stockageintermédiaire. Le site dispose de plusieurs cuves de stockage, de différentes capacités, disposées en parallèle.Le rôle de ces cuves de stockage est de contenir temporairement les lots. Résoudre ce problème équivautà calculer les affectations des lots sur les cuves ainsi que leur date de début de transfert. L'objectif est deminimiser le nombre d'opérations de lavages des cuves de stockage.Le second sous-problème consiste à optimiser la fabrication des lots. Le site comprend plusieurs sallesde fabrication disposées en parallèle. Chaque salle de fabrication est constituée par plusieurs machinesorganisées en Flowshop Hybride. Pour résoudre ce problème, il faut calculer une affectation des lots sur lessalles de fabrication et les ordonnancer sur les machines de celles-ci. L'objectif est de minimiser le nombred'opérations de lavage induites par la succession des lots sur les machines.Nous proposons de résoudre le sous-problème d'optimisation du stockage intermédiaire en premier lieu,pour ensuite résoudre le sous-problème d'optimisation de la fabrication. Nous proposons et expérimentonsplusieurs méthodes heuristiques (gloutons, colonies de fourmis, méthodes arborescentes tronquées, méthodes dédiées) pour la résolution de chaque sous-problème. Les meilleures méthodes de résolution sontdestinées à être intégrées dans un logiciel de planification de la production quotidienne. / The work presented in this thesis addresses the minimization of production costs in an industry ofshowers and hair products. In this industry, the production process consists in two successive steps : themaking of cosmetic products and the intermediate storage of these latter. Production costs are mainlyrelated to cleaning operations of the making and the storage resources. These cleaning operations must beperformed in the sequence of two different batches of cosmetic product because of their different physical(color, viscosity, ...) and chemical (chemical contents,..) characteristics.This problem is decomposed into two sub-problems. The first one is the optimization of intermediatestorage. The shop is made up of parallel storage tanks of various capacities. These storage tanks haveto temporarily store the batches. Solving this problem is equivalent to calculating the assignment of thebatches on the storage tanks and their starting date of transfer. The objective is to minimize the numberof cleaning operations of the storage tanks.The second sub-problem is the optimization of the making process of the batches. The shop gathersseveral making units arranged in parallel. Each making unit consists in multiple mixing machines organizedin hybrid flowshop. To solve this problem, we have to calculate an assignment of the batches on the makingunits and their schedule on the mixing machines. The objective is to minimize the number of cleaningoperations.We propose to solve the sub-problem of optimization of the intermediate storage first, and then solvethe sub-problem of the optimization of the making process. We propose and experiment several heuristics(greedy, ant colonies, truncated tree methods, dedicated methods) for solving each sub-problem. The bestsolution methods are designed to be integrated into a software production planning.

The growing competition for manufacturing companies is placing increased demand on fulfilling customer requirements with as high quality as possible as quick as possible. To meet the tougher competition, it is common that companies implement various tools and methods such as Lean Manufacturing, Continuous Improvement and Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED). Implementing these helps to reduce the risk of production failures while increasing efficiency thus increasing profit.  This thesis brings up the implementation of a tool within Lean Manufacturing called SMED to a production line with the aim to increase the machine availability through reduction of the equipment changeover.  The thesis is a qualitative case study where the authors use interviews, observation and time measurement to gather relevant data which are then analysed for the goal of this thesis which is to reduce the complete equipment changeover time of the production line in Ämnesverkstaden. All the relevant data which was collected resulted in an implementation of a SMED mind-set and an instruction manual with a complementary list of necessary changes.  The authors believe that this study can provide useful information and knowledge when introducing SMED as well as an approach the operators can use in the future to help reduce the equipment changeover.

Graduation theses deal with establish of new organization entity in Skanska DS, condition for establish, variants of organisation set-up, conection with present organisatin structure and selection of the best variant. In frame of this work is describe wider surroundings of organization, construction material of organization, management style and corporate culture and contemporary technology.

Tem sido observado, de longa data, que ensaios de carregamento dinâmico e provas de carga estática realizados em estacas cravadas após diferentes intervalos de tempo da cravação mostram que podem ocorrer variações nas suas capacidades de carga ao longo do tempo, que em certos casos levam ao aumento da resistência do solo e em outros casos resultam na diminuição da resistência do solo. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica do fenômeno de ganho, com o tempo, de resistência de estacas cravadas em solos argilosos conhecido por efeito \"set-up\", cujos principais mecanismos são explicados por teorias relacionadas à variação das pressões neutras, geradas ao redor das estacas durante a cravação. O método adotado nas análises envolve conceitos da teoria da expansão da cavidade cilíndrica, onde o objetivo principal é entender o comportamento de estacas cravadas em solos argilosos, nos quais o efeito \"set-up\" é normalmente mais acentuado. Os fenômenos pertinentes são avaliados através de análises teóricas, usando o método de Randolph, e numéricas, recorrendo ao método dos elementos finitos. Estas análises foram validadas através de modelagens numéricas comparadas a dados de campo apresentados por ETC (Earth Technology Corporation), sendo observada boa aderência entre os dados de campos e os resultados das estimativas teóricas. A aplicação desta metodologia permite estimar variações tanto das tensões radiais efetivas quanto dos atritos laterais unitários em função do tempo, levando em conta dois parâmetros mais relevantes, a saber, resistência não-drenada e coeficiente de adensamento primário horizontal. Comparações são feitas a ensaios de carregamento dinâmico realizados em estacas cravadas em uma obra da Baixada Santista (SP). Os resultados obtidos mostram uma dispersão no ganho das resistências das estacas analisadas, mas com variações dentro de uma faixa de valores relativamente estreita. Além disso, revelam valores teóricos de \"set-up\", relativo a parcela de atrito lateral, em um intervalo entre 2,0 e 2,5 aproximadamente, 20 dias após a cravação. Apesar das dispersões encontradas, inerentes a este tipo de estudo, considera-se que os resultados obtidos significam um importante passo para melhor entendimento do efeito \"set-up\". / For a long time, it has been observed that load tests performed on driven piles show that there may be variations in load capacity over time, which in some cases lead to an increase in soil resistance and in other cases result in decrease of soil resistance. In this study, a review is presented about the mechanisms that lead to the gains in pile load capacity with time, known as \"set-up\", whose main mechanisms are explained by theories related to the excess porepressures generated around the piles during installation. The presented method involves the theory of cylindrical cavity expansion, where the main objective is to understand the behavior of driven piles in clayey soils, in which \"Set-up\" is usually more pronounced. The relevant phenomena are evaluated by theoretical analysis, based in Randolph\'s method, and numerical analysis, using the finite element method. These analyzes were validated through numerical analysis compared to field data presented by ETC (Earth Technology Corporation). Good agreement has been observed between field data and the theoretical results. The methodology allows to estimate variations in both the effective radial stress and the unit friction resistance over time, considering two main parameters, undrained shear strength and horizontal coefficient of consolidation. Comparisons are made to dynamic load tests conducted on driven piles located in Santos Coastal Plane (\"Baixada Santista\"), in São Paulo - Brazil. A dispersion in the results of the load capacities has been observed, but within a relatively narrow range of values. In adittion, the theoretical values of lateral \"set-up\" were obtained in a range between 2,0 and 2,5 approximately 20 days after installation. Knowing that dispersions are inherent to this type of study, it is considered that the results imply an important step to a better understanding of the \"set-up\".