The development of technologies for preventing drowsiness at the wheel is a major challenge in the field of accident avoidance systems. Preventing drowsiness during driving requires a method for accurately detecting a decline in driver alertness and a method for alerting and refreshing the driver. As a detection method, the authors have developed a system that uses image processing technology to analyse images of the road lane with a video camera integrated with steering wheel angle data collection from a car simulation system. The main contribution of this study is a novel algorithm for drowsiness detection and tracking, which is based on the incorporation of information from a road vision system and vehicle performance parameters. Refinement of the algorithm is more precisely detected the level of drowsiness by the implementation of a support vector machine classification for robust and accurate drowsiness warning system. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification technique diminished drowsiness level by using non intrusive systems, using standard equipment sensors, aim to reduce these road accidents caused by drowsiness drivers. This detection system provides a non-contact technique for judging various levels of driver alertness and facilitates early detection of a decline in alertness during driving. The presented results are based on a selection of drowsiness database, which covers almost 60 hours of driving data collection measurements. All the parameters extracted from vehicle parameter data are collected in a driving simulator. With all the features from a real vehicle, a SVM drowsiness detection model is constructed. After several improvements, the classification results showed a very good indication of drowsiness by using those systems.

L'hypovigilance du conducteur (que ce soit provoquée par la distraction ou la somnolence) est une des menaces principales pour la sécurité routière. Cette thèse s'encadre dans le projet Toucango, porté par la start-up Innov+, qui vise à construire un détecteur d'hypovigilance en temps réel basé sur la fusion d'un flux vidéo en proche infra-rouge et d'informations environnementales. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste donc à proposer des techniques d'extraction des indices pertinents ainsi que des algorithmes de fusion multimodale qui puissent être embarqués sur le système pour un fonctionnement en temps réel. Afin de travailler dans des conditions proches du terrain, une base de données en conduite réelle a été créée avec la collaboration de plusieurs sociétés de transports. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons un état de l'art scientifique et une étude des solutions disponibles sur le marché pour la détection de l'hypovigilance. Ensuite, nous proposons diverses méthodes basées sur le traitement d'images (pour la détection des indices pertinents sur la tête, yeux, bouche et visage) et de données (pour les indices environnementaux basés sur la géolocalisation). Nous réalisons une étude sur les facteurs environnementaux liés à l'hypovigilance et développons un système d'estimation du risque contextuel. Enfin, nous proposons des techniques de fusion multimodale de ces indices avec l'objectif de détecter plusieurs comportements d'hypovigilance : distraction visuelle ou cognitive, engagement dans une tâche secondaire, privation de sommeil, micro-sommeil et somnolence. / Driver hypovigilance (whether caused by distraction or drowsiness) is one of the major threats to road safety. This thesis is part of the Toucango project, hold by the start-up Innov+, which aims to build a real-time hypovigilance detector based on the fusion of near infra-red video evidence and environmental information. The objective of this thesis is therefore to propose techniques for extracting relevant indices as well as multimodal fusion algorithms that can be embedded in the system for real-time operation. In order to work near ground truth conditions, a naturalistic driving database has been created with the collaboration of several transport companies. We first present a scientific state of the art and a study of the solutions available on the market for hypovigilance detection. Then, we propose several methods based on image (for the detection of relevant indices on the head, eyes, mouth and face) and data processing (for environmental indices based on geolocation). We carry out a study on the environmental factors related to hypovigilance and develop a contextual risk estimation system. Finally, we propose multimodal fusion techniques of these indices with the objective of detecting several hypovigilance behaviors: visual or cognitive distraction, engagement in a secondary task, sleep deprivation, microsleep and drowsiness.