Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxikology Student. Šárka Zajíčková Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jiří Lamka, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Results of parasitological diagnosis and evaluation of drug administrations in population of wisents in the game enclosure Židlov II This diploma thesis continues on the thesis "Results of parasitological diagnosis and evaluation of drug administrations in population of wisents in the game enclosure Židlov I." This second part deals with the examination of parazitostatus of an acclimatization enclosure after the release of bisons into the game enclosure Židlov. Parazitostatus of the acclimatization enclosure was tested by biological study using sheep. A nine sheep herd was placed, on the vegetation season, into acclimatization object and spend there 7 months. For another 3 months (winter season) this herd was stabled in the breeding object, then 6 pieces were butchered and then undergoed parasitological autopsy. Samples of fresh droppings of these sheep were, across the whole period of biological studies, coprologically examined for the presence of trematode eggs. Findings were in all cases negative. Also, the autopsy examination did not prove the presence of trematodes, the acclimatization enclosure...

THE ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Blanka Virtová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jiří Lamka, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Results of parasitological diagnosis and evaluation of drug administrations in population of wisents in the game enclosure Židlov I. Presented thesis deals with monitoring of parazitostatus in small bison (Bison bonasus) pop- ulation bred in game enclosure Židlov during the years 2011 - 2012, its evaluation, designing appro- priate anthelmintic administrations and assessing therapeutical effects. Several parasites were iden- tified with the use of ovoscopic and larvoscopic methods focused on trematodes, parasites of gastrointestinal tract and lungs; fluke, roundworm (Chabertia ovina, Ostertagia spp., Trichuris spp.) and tapeworm eggs (Moniezia spp.) were determined. Mr. M. Kašný (Institute of Parasitology, Fac- ulty of Science, Charles University in Prague) confirmed two species of flukes, Paramphistomum cervi and Fasciola hepatica. The anthelmintic chosen for the therapeutic administration was albendazole, we performed during the vegetative season (2011 year) totally three administrations in increasing overall therapeutic doses administered via medicated feed. Treatment was mainly focused on the...

This thesis addresses almost three decades of U.S.-Colombian relations and asks two main questions. Why did relations remain friendly for so long given the many problems associated with drugs, and the notion that drugs and drug trafficking constituted a security problem? And what changed in 1995 so as to alter the course of friendship? It argues that U.S. and Colombian preferences over illegal drug control policy have not always been at odds, and disagreements have not precluded cooperation and joint action on drug control matters over a significant period of time. Nor can power asymmetry, a constant feature in the relationship, account for change. A successful account of both friendship and antagonism can be given only by spelling out the ideational and normative components that have contributed to define the character of the relationship and to determine the attitudes and behaviour towards each other. These components refer to the understandings of the drug problem, ideas on what constitutes mutually acceptable political and economic behaviour and their underlying norms, and the images that relevant policy-makers have of each country. This thesis also underscores the need to take stock of the cumulative process by which Colombia and the United States embraced and expanded drug prohibition.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Criminology, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 221-238).

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Thomas C. Bruneau, Jeanne K. Giraldo. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland at College Park, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-198).

Since the Narcotic Addiction Foundation of British Columbia opened its doors in 1958 it has been successful in contacting a large number of drug addicts in the Vancouver area. There has, however, been some concern expressed by the agency treatment staff over the high ratio of patients who discontinue treatment after the first few contacts. The authors of this exploratory study have undertaken the task of determining some of the factors which might influence the drug addict's continued treatment involvement at the Narcotic Addiction Foundation. This study sets the base for a projected three year study of the stated problem. The study was divided into two phases. The first is the retrospective study which utilizes the Paulus Study (55) conducted in 1964. Though pursued for different reasons, this study provides a convenient, and suitable sample of 105 addicts (50 male and 55 female) for the present research. The immediate aim of this retrospective study is to identify certain factors which are discernible at the time the addict presents himself for treatment and to relate them to the addict's subsequent treatment involvement. The second phase, a longitudinal study, will utilize the specific factors which emerge from the retrospective study as being significantly related to the addict's continued treatment involvement. The longitudinal study, to further prove the validity of each factor, has been projected to cover a twelve month period from the time the addict first presents himself for treatment. The results of the study point out some of the difficulties and areas of concern regarding the treatment of the drug addict and some recommendations pertaining to follow-up studies of this kind. While the drug addict exhibits some characteristics similar to clients of any agency, he is unique in many ways. The factors discerned in this study clarify some of this uniqueness and, it is hoped, (using the significant factors brought out,) that they will eventually lead to better prognostication of the addict's future success for continued treatment involvement. It should prove to be especially helpful to the staff of the Narcotic Addiction Foundation and other agencies geared to treating the drug addict in guiding changes in the treatment program and organization. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

This dissertation examines the military occupation of the Afro-Indigenous Moskitia region of Central America in the context of the “War on Drugs.” Despite the ideological differences professed by the regimes that have clung to power in Nicaragua and Honduras from the late 2000s to 2020, both governments have channeled “anti-narcotics” military assistance from the United States to install Army and Navy outposts in practically every Caribbean Afro-Indigenous coastal village during the last decade. For the first time in history, Miskitu male soldiers have been systematically recruited and deployed to these new posts. While the War on Drugs is often theorized as a “thanatopolitical” intervention enforced by disembedded, sovereign state forces, this dissertation focuses instead on the everyday life of petty sovereignty: soldiers working in contexts where state and market infrastructure is rudimentary, and where they typically turn to local villagers for labor, supplies, and logistical support. Violating military rules, Nicaraguan and Honduran soldiers habitually find sexual and romantic companionship in Miskitu villages. Ricocheting between the vantage point of soldiers, their lovers and former lovers, occasional and dedicated drug merchants, and other residents of Miskitu villages across the Nicaragua-Honduras border, the dissertation interrogates Central American security regimes not only in relation to the history of war and extractivism in Afro-Indigenous regions, but also vis-à-vis Afro-Indigenous kinship and gender norms, property forms and economic practices, and overlapping jurisdictions of regional governance. Based on 27 months of participant-observation research in occupied Miskitu villages between 2014 and 2018, the dissertation compares the operations of the national armed forces of Nicaragua and Honduras to those of the United States’ Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). In 2012, the DEA launched a 90-day, drug-interdiction “pilot program” code-named Operation Anvil in Miskitu land under Honduran jurisdiction. The operation manifested differentiated practices of articulation and disarticulation across various spatial scales: a peculiar form of articulation to the Honduran central government –which DEA saw as a corrupt but corrigible ally in the fight against drug trafficking— and a radical form of disarticulation vis-à-vis Miskitu regional authorities—who were perceived, alternatingly and contradictorily, as 1) inexistent, 2) irrelevant, 3) nomadic, 4) foreign to the region, or 5) hopelessly corrupt. This imaginary gave shape to a governmental intervention that relegated indigenous criminalization to a discourse of last resort, but that upheld nation-state sovereignty over the Moskitia and elided all the questions of indigenous economic and political autonomy which have been central to the Moskitia’s regional politics since the 1980s. DEA agents disavowed relationships with regional authorities and residents on an a priori basis. In combination with the privileged forms of legal immunity protecting US law enforcement and military officials, such disavowal carried homicidal consequences. The Nicaraguan and Honduran militaries, on the other hand, interact closely with local residents, Afro-Indigenous authorities, and drug merchants. These relationships represent both resources and risks for Nicaragua and Honduras as geopolitically subordinate states. The risks largely derive from the contradictory demands of superordinate geopolitical entities that Nicaragua and Honduras “respect indigenous human rights” and simultaneously participate in the hemispheric “war on drugs.” Nicaragua and Honduras have addressed this contradiction by organizing multiculturalism and militarization on the basis of indirect rule. Indirect rule involves the limited incorporation of indigenous forms of socioeconomic and political organization into state governance, as well as the appointment of regional intermediaries such as Miskitu soldiers. These intermediaries act as lightning rods onto whom state institutions might displace responsibility. More than a “hearts and minds” strategy of counterinsurgency, military indirect rule fosters displacement and sublimation: displacement of risk towards the lower, racialized levels of governance; sublimation of refusal of the occupation towards questions of sex, love, and parental abandonment.

Of the people, by the people, for the people stated in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 is what the framers of the Constitution had in mind. It was the intention to establish a framework that would create sound and just government. It held a bill of rights that provided examples for the world to follow. Unfortunately, the United States fails its own declaration when considering some of its policy and legislation. When examining drug policy, it is apparent that these laws were not of the people, by the people, or for the people, and in fact are contrary to the Constitution of the United States. This thesis will examine the history of drug policy in the United States. It will provide examples of other nation's policy on drugs to compare. In addition, a recount of the Bill of Rights and specific examples of the War on Drugs will illustrate the contradiction of U.S. drug policy to the Constitution. The thesis will end with a recommendation for the formation of new policy and a reminder of who is ultimately responsible.

This thesis examines the reason for the failure of the U.S. National Drug Control Strategy, and the Andean Initiative. Its scope is limited to cocaine trafficking from the Andean nations of Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, to the United States. It provides the background of those strategies, and analyzes various explanations for failure. Based on this analysis, the thesis provides policy recommendations for antidrug efforts, which include increased emphasis on demand-related issues, judicial system consistency and harsher penalties, improvement in domestic and international coordination, and expanded restrictions on U.S. government agencies conducting covert operations. In conclusion, this thesis proposes that any real solution to the drug problem lies not with supply interdiction, and not with expanded foreign assistance, targeting user accountability in the United States.