Thesis (M.A.)--Rowan University, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Rowan University, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Substances have been used for medicinal, recreational, and enhancement purposes by numerous population groups since ancient times. This practice is as old as humankind itself with alcohol use in South Africa for instance dating back 70 000 years. Regulation of some substances has now become standard practice due to their harmful and deleterious effects, increasing the risk to the user and society, which includes the educational, workplace and sports environment. Regulation involves enlisting of substances and testing for these prohibited substances in humans to assess compliance. Such a program has to be ethically sound, legally correct and scientifically accurate. Prohibited substance regulation and testing in humans can be seen as a biomedical intervention on an individual which may violate the right to privacy, dignity, autonomy and freedom to use substances for medicinal, recreational and enhancement purposes. The field is flawed with ethical dilemmas that can be solved by employing the principalism approach, which involves respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice. The obtainment of voluntary free informed consent, as a prerequisite for respect for autonomy is essential before a prohibited substance test on an individual is initiated. The author suggests that ethical oversight be instituted by statute, at a standard equivalent to that of ethical clinical research which is aligned with the Nuremberg code. It was also suggested that the professionals involved in the administration of prohibited substance regulation and testing programs should be registered with a professional council to comply with minimum standards of education and professionalism. International prohibited substance regulation and testing programmes related to the workplace as an example of foreign law (SAMHSA), and sports doping (WADA) as an example of international law, were studied and evaluated against the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (CSA) and statutes such as the Occupational Health and Safety Act and the Protection of Personal Information Act. The relevant sections in the CSA revolved mainly around respect for privacy, dignity, autonomy, freedom and equality. It was found that the prohibited substance regulation and testing policy was essential in all settings to provide legal certainty for subjects and administrators. The constitutional right to just administrative action is of vital importance for these policies which have to function in a quasi-judicial environment, also based on the principle of “separation of powers”. The legal implications of the recent legalisation of cannabis on the workplace and other safety-sensitive environments were assessed and it was concluded that organisations still had an obligation to regulate, and to test for the active constituent (_9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC) in their employees, due to its impairment potential that increases the risk to the health and safety of others. It was also suggested that the relevant legislation, such as the Occupational Health Act be changed to include threshold concentrations or cut-off concentrations in biofluids which mark the onset of impairment. A cut-off concentration of 2 ng/mL in blood was suggested for THC, and the use of oral fluid and urine as matrices for testing was discussed due to the invasiveness of blood sampling. Current issues in South Africa is addressed from a forensic toxicology perspective. The use of the hypergeometric distribution, based on sampling without replacement was suggested as a means to obtain the minimum number of subjects to be selected from a group within a specified level of confidence. Observational and chemical strategies to identify drug users were reviewed. A strategy to evaluate drug screening devices was proposed and applied to typical devices currently on the market in South Africa. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Public Law / DPhil / Unrestricted

This research investigation examined high school students' attitudes toward drug testing prevention programs, and examined the extent to which those attitudes vary according to gender, grade, ethnicity, exposure to experiences related to a drug testing program, illegal drug use, alcohol use, and involvement in extracurricular activities at school. The results of this exploratory study are intended to help school administrators and counselors have an increased understanding of high school students' attitudes toward drug testing prevention programs. The participants in this study were drawn from a convenience sample comprised of high school students in grades 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 at a co-educational, parochial school located in the metropolitan New Orleans, Louisiana area during the 2002-2003 school year. Each participant completed survey packets which contained the Attitudes Toward High School Drug Testing (ATSDT) survey and personal demographic data. The results of this study indicated that high school students generally have neutral attitudes toward drug testing prevention programs. There appear to be significant statistical differences between high school students' attitudes toward drug testing prevention programs based on their gender, grade, ethnicity, exposure to experiences related to a drug testing program, illegal drug use, and alcohol use; however, students' involvement in extracurricular activities at school was not related to their attitudes toward drug testing prevention programs. This information may be used to assist school administrators and school counselors in designing drug-free schools that engender respect and approval from the greatest possible number of students, faculty, and public, and provide needed information for school counselors in providing drug related prevention services, interventions, and after-care to adolescents

Project (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 28). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994. / Thesis advisor(s): William R. Gates, Louis Kalmar. "December 1994." Bibliography: p. 113-121. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2006. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-91).

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

The relationship between knowledge of drug testing and the degree of support for drug testing was investigated. In addition, the relationship between certain personality characteristics (e.g. authoritarianism, legal authoritarianism, locus of control and social desirability) and support for drug testing was also investigated. A questionnaire that included scales to measure demographics, drug testing knowledge, drug testing attitudes and the above mentioned personality characteristics was utilized. It was found that drug testing knowledge was significantly negatively correlated with support of drug testing. It was also found that those scoring higher on Authoritarianism (legal and otherwise) were significantly more likely to support drug testing. In addition, an internal locus of control was significantly correlated with support of drug testing.