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The use of unlicensed and off label drugs in Tygerberg Hospital neonatal intensive care unitThomas, Angeline 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to establish the frequency of unlicensed and off label drug use in
infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Tygerberg Hospital.
METHOD
This was a prospective descriptive survey conducted over 3 consecutive months (September
2011-November 2011) of all medicine charts of neonates admitted during this time period to
the NICU. Data collected included demography, diagnoses, medicines prescribed according
to dose, frequency, route of administration and indication. Medicine use was defined as
unlicensed, licensed or off label use according to the latest South African Medicines
Formulary (2012) and the manufacturer’s package insert. Unlicensed drug use is per
definition a drug not registered with South African Medicine Control Council (SA MCC) for
children and off label drug use is where the use is outside of its authorized license with SA
MCC.
RESULTS
There were 112 neonates enrolled in the study, of whom 51% were preterm and 49% term
infants. The most common diagnoses on admission for the preterm babies were hyaline
membrane disease (33%) and sepsis (21%), while it was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
(42%) and post-operative care (22%) for term infants. There were 759 drug events of which
37% were licensed and followed all the licensing terms, 51% were prescribed in an off label
manner and the remaining 12% were of unlicensed drugs. The most common reasons off
label drug use were for weight (74%), followed by age (44%), frequency (44%), indication
(21%), or a route not described in the licensing terms (13%). There was a lack of pediatric
data for 9% of the drugs prescribed. In 203 drug events (27%) a drug was used in an off label
manner for more than one reason. Sixty one percent of the drugs used had no information on
the use of the drug in neonates. CONCLUSION
This is the first study conducted in an African NICU, according to our knowledge and the
results are similar to studies conducted in Europe and America. Neonates are exposed to a significant proportion of unlicensed and off label drugs. Neonatal clinical trials should be
conducted to address the need for proven safe and efficacious treatment for neonates.
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Identification, resolution and monitoring of barriers to the availability of essential drugs at primary health care facilities in Lejweleputswa district, Free State Province.Moloto, Victor January 2005 (has links)
<p>This study aimed to identify barriers to the availability of essential drugs at health facilities, to identify implementable solutions to those barriers, to develop a monitoring system for tracking implementation of solutions and for tracking drug supply.</p>
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ADHD: Culture, Treatment Strategies and their Relevance to Preschool ChildrenBean, Nelson M 01 January 2010 (has links)
In recent decades a growing number of individuals in preschool, middle childhood and adolescence have been diagnosed with ADHD. Accompanying increasing rates of diagnoses is an increase in the use of stimulant medication in preschool populations, a practice not approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This paper reviews the current literature pertaining the social and developmental consequences of ADHD, its effect on the child and family, treatment strategies with and without the use of stimulants, and cultural and diagnostic trends which may be contributing to the rising number of diagnoses. A review of the literature suggests that there is a dire need for further empirical research into the use of stimulant medications in preschoolers, and a number of cultural factors unique to the United States have contributed to increasing rates of ADHD diagnosis.
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Identification, resolution and monitoring of barriers to the availability of essential drugs at primary health care facilities in Lejweleputswa district, Free State Province.Moloto, Victor January 2005 (has links)
<p>This study aimed to identify barriers to the availability of essential drugs at health facilities, to identify implementable solutions to those barriers, to develop a monitoring system for tracking implementation of solutions and for tracking drug supply.</p>
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A multi-agent system for administering the prescription of anti-retroviral and anti-TB drugsKuyler, Wilhelmina Johanna January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007 / Multi-agent systems (MAS) consist of a number of autonomous agents that communicate among themselves to coordinate their activities in order to solve collectively a complex problem that cannot be tackled by any agent individually. These kinds of systems are appropriate in many domains where problems that are complex, distributed and heterogeneous require communication and coordination between separate autonomous agents, which may be running on different machines distributed over the Internet and are located in many different places.
In the health care domain, MAS have been used for distributed patient scheduling, organ and tissue transplant management, community care, decision support, training and so on. One other promising area of application is in the prescription of antiretroviral and antiTB drugs. The drugs used to treat the two diseases have many and similar side effects that complicate the prescription process. These factors have to be considered when prescribing medication to a person coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis. This is usually done manually using drug recommendation tables, which are complicated to use and require a great deal of decisionmaking. The design and implementation of a multiagent system that assists health care staff in carrying out the complex task of combining antiretroviral and antiTB drugs in an efficient way is described.
The system consists of a number of collaborating agents requiring the communication of complex and diverse forms of information between a variety of clinical and other settings, as well as the coordination between groups of health care professionals (doctors, nurses, counsellors, etcetera.) with very different skills and roles. The agents in the system include: patient agents, nurse agents, lab agents, medication agents and physician agents. The agents may be hosted on different machines, located in many different places distributed over the Internet. The system saves time, minimises decision errors and increases the standard of health care provided to patients.
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The use of standard treatment guidelines and essential medicines list by registered nurses at primary health care clinics in the uMgungundlovu districtSooruth, Umritha Raj 13 June 2014 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the Masters degree in Technology: Community Health Nursing, Durban University of Technology, 2013. / Background
One of the major challenges for the Department of Health in South Africa today is inequity and the need to provide quality integrated health care for all its citizens. Primary Health Care (PHC) has been declared as the way to achieve this goal, through the District Health System. Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) and the Essential Medicines List (EML) have been developed and are used at PHC clinics and hospitals. This study explored the use of STGs and the EML by professional nurses at PHC clinics in the UMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methods
A quantitative descriptive research design was used. Questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents at the PHC clinics. A retrospective review of facility registers kept by the respondents on the rational use of drugs was also carried out by the researcher.
Results
The findings of the study revealed that the respondents had a good understanding of the use of the STGs and the EML. There was no evidence of polypharmacy, and medications were prescribed according to guidelines. Areas that were suboptimal were related to prescription writing in writing of schedules and routes of medication as indicated in facility records. The results further showed that training on the use of the STGs and EML were inadequate, which implies the need for strengthening of training programmes.
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TRIPS and the WTO August 2003 deal on medicines: is it a gift bound in a red tape to developing countries?Enga, Kameni Innocent January 2005 (has links)
This study evaluated the benefits and the problems of implementing the World Trade Organization's decision on the implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration by developing country members.
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Examining the attitudes and beliefs of family physicians toward the use of controlled-release opioids for the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain28 August 2008 (has links)
Not available
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Examining the attitudes and beliefs of family physicians toward the use of controlled-release opioids for the treatment of chronic non-malignant painNwokeji, Esmond Donlee, 1972- 24 August 2011 (has links)
Not available / text
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TRIPS and the WTO August 2003 deal on medicines: is it a gift bound in a red tape to developing countries?Enga, Kameni Innocent January 2005 (has links)
This study evaluated the benefits and the problems of implementing the World Trade Organization's decision on the implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration by developing country members.
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