This thesis is focused on the development and characterization of hydrogels containing humic substances with possible use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This work follows on the bachelor thesis, theoretical and experimental part is based on already acquired knowledge. The aim of this work was to develop a literature review focusing on the potential use humic gels in practice and also to enhance the consistency of other active ingredients. Based on this literature review, the main aim was to prepare model humic hydrogels with selected active ingredients and their characterization by basic methods of material analysis. These basic methods were especially rheology and visual assessment of consistency during the preparation, then the samples were subjected process of drying and swelling. Experimental results showed considerable influences during the preparation and composition of each sample, which then reflected in their structure and consistency. Furthermore, it was found that the suitable composition and combination of ingredients form hydrogels acceptable characteristics for further use in cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications.

In dieser Arbeit wird die Berechenbarkeit des Deformationsverhaltens von Aluminiumaußenhautbauteilen in einem für die Automobilindustrie typischen Lacktrocknungsprozess um den irreversiblen Kriecheffekt erweitert. Untersucht wird dabei die in Europa oft für Außenhautbauteile eingesetzte Legierung AA6016 mit Hilfe von Zug- und Biegetests, aus denen ein geeignetes Werkstoffmodell für die numerische Simulation abgeleitet wird. Dabei wird auch der Einfluss des Umformgrades im Blechbauteil aus dem Herstellprozess untersucht und bewertet. Die seriennahe Validierung des Werkstoffmodells findet anhand einer eigens ausgelegten Baugruppe statt, die nach dem Wärmeprozess optisch sichtbare Formabweichungen aufweist. Mittels optischer Messungen wird die Baugruppe dabei vor, im und nach dem Wärmeprozess analysiert und die berechneten Formänderungen validiert. Im Ergebnis kann mit dem Werkstoffmodell die Auswirkung thermisch induzierter Spannungen unterhalb der klassischen Streckgrenze auf die Formänderung von Aluminiumblech in der frühen Produktentwicklungsphase prognostiziert werden. / In this work, the computability of the deformation behaviour of aluminium car body panels in a typical automotive paint drying process is enhanced by the irreversible creep effect. The alloy AA6016, which is often used in Europe for aluminium car body panels, is examined with the aid of tensile and bending tests from which a suitable material model for numerical simulation is derived. The influence of the plastic deformation in the sheet metal component due to the manufacturing process is also examined and evaluated. The near-series validation of the material model takes place on the basis of a specially designed assembly which shows optically visible shape deviations after the heating process. Using optical measurements, the assembly is analyzed before, during and after the heating process and the calculated shape changes are validated. As a result, the material model can be used to predict the effect of thermally induced stresses below the classic yield strength on the deformation of aluminium sheet in the early product development phase.

<p>Istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije obuhvataju ispitivanje fizičkih, hemijskih i biolo&scaron;kih osobina svežeg i osu&scaron;enog ko&scaron;tičavog voća i razvoj inovativnog tehničkog re&scaron;enja su&scaron;enja voća u vakuumu. Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja daju doprinos formiranju baze naučnih znanja u vezi sa karakteristikama ko&scaron;tičavog voća osu&scaron;enog različitim tehnikama su&scaron;enja: konvektivnim su&scaron;enjem, vakuum su&scaron;enjem i liofilizacijom (su&scaron;enjem zamrzavanjem). Projektovan inovativni prototip vakuum su&scaron;are sa ejektorskim sistemom omogućava očuvanje biolo&scaron;ki aktivnih komponenata voća uz mogućnost smanjenja investicionih tro&scaron;kova i tro&scaron;kova održavanja opreme. Takođe je uspe&scaron;no prikazana mogućnost primene analize glavnih komponenata (eng. Principal Component Analysis, PCA), ve&scaron;tačke neuronske mreže (eng. Artificial Neural Networks, ANN) i matematičkog modelovanja za opisivanje funkcionalne zavisnosti primenjenih parametara su&scaron;enja i fizičkih, hemijskih i biolo&scaron;kih osobina osu&scaron;enog voća, optimizaciju procesa su&scaron;enja, kao i za pronalaženje modela koji najbolje opisuje proces su&scaron;enja.</p> / <p>Research in the framework of the thesis includes investigation of physical, chemical and biological properties of fresh and dried stone fruit and the development of an innovative technical solution for fruit vacuum drying. The obtained results contribute to the formation of the scientific base of knowledge, regarding the characteristics of stone fruit dried by different drying techniques: convective drying, vacuum drying and lyophilization (freeze drying). The designed innovative prototype of a vacuum dryer with an ejector system enables the preservation of biologically active fruit compounds with the possibility of reducing investment and equipment maintenance costs.<br />The possibility of application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and mathematical modeling for describing the functional dependence between applied drying parameters and physical, chemical and biological properties of dried fruit, optimization of the drying process, as well for finding the model that best describes the drying process was presented in this work.</p>