The seepage of fluid through saturated porous media may lead to inner erosion, channelization, preferential flow and transport and deposition of particles. A novel mathematical model was created to describe some of the processes. The model describes a temporal and spatial development of porosity (volume fraction) and permeability (transmissivity) due to erosion and deposition in saturated porous and fractured media. The model calculates the change of permeability and porosity in a direction of different fracture joint sets. The model is based on multi-continua theory, where a region is divided into components (three or more components in this thesis). The components are described by separate differential equations. This approach was used recently by Mahadevan et al. (2012) and Fujisawa et al. (2009) for erosion of porous media. This thesis describes the approaches, assumptions and the equations used in the model. In contrast to the published models, the thesis considers anisotropy. It is characterized by transmissivity tensor (also hydraulic conductivity tensor), which is composed of vectors in the joint sets directions. The model also uses a Dupuit approximation, which allows to approximate flow onto a horizontal plane. The model is also introduced by a numerical simulation using final element...

Permeable friction course (PFC) is a porous asphalt pavement placed on top of a regular impermeable roadway. Under small rainfall intensities, drainage is contained within the PFC layer; but, under higher rainfall intensities drainage occurs both within and on top of the porous pavement. This dissertation develops a computer model—the permeable friction course drainage code (PERFCODE)—to study this two-dimensional unsteady drainage process. Given a hyetograph, geometric information, and hydraulic properties, the model predicts the variation of water depth within and on top of the PFC layer through time. The porous layer is treated as an unconfined aquifer of variable saturated thickness using Darcy’s law and the Dupuit-Forchheimer assumptions. Surface flow is modeled using the diffusion wave approximation to the Saint-Venant equations. A mass balance approach is used to couple the surface and subsurface phases. Straight and curved roadway geometries are accommodated via a curvilinear grid. The model is validated using steady state solutions that were obtained independently. PERFCODE was applied to a field monitoring site near Austin, Texas and hydrographs predicted by the model were consistent with field measurements. For a sample storm studied in detail, PFC reduced the duration of sheet flow conditions by 80%. The model may be used to improve the drainage design of PFC roadways. / text

L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement hydraulique d'un système de nappe superficielle de fond de vallée, alimentée par un versant et drainée par un fossé en régime transitoire. Ceci doit aboutir à terme à un outil de modélisation permettant de tester des scénarios de gestion ou d'aménagements de ces zones humides. Le parti (pari ?) choisi a été de fonder les efforts de modélisation sur l'approche " saturée 1D " (équation de Boussinesq), tout en utilisant des modèles plus sophistiqués (Laplace, Richards) afin de servir de référence lors de la discussion et l'élaboration des hypothèses simplificatrices. En particulier, certaines conditions aux limites ont été étudiées : (i) hétérogénéité de la recharge de la nappe ; (ii) déterminisme des phénomènes de surface de suintement ; (iii) l'affleurement ; (ij) une condition aval transitoire. Des expérimentations ont été menées sur modèle physique au laboratoire (maquette MASHyNS) et sur le terrain (bassin versant du Ru de Cétrais, Loire Atlantique). Un modèle (SIDRA 2+), fondé sur une résolution numérique de l'équation de Boussinesq, a été utilisé et adapté à la prise en compte des conditions aux limites particulières évoquées. Le modèle a été calé et validé à partir des données expérimentales et a permis de prédire avec une excellente précision la position de la surface libre de la nappe à différentes distances du ru de Cétrais, en période hivernale.