published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

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This study explores post-contact changes to the ordinary Maori whare. The main physical characteristics of the ordinary whare at contact are identified by accessing archaeological and written 18th century ethnographic data. Changes in the ordinary whare in the period from contact to 1940 are discussed. Evidence from historical archaeology, written 19th century ethnographic accounts and from previous academic research is considered. In addition, changes in the ordinary whare are highlighted, based on evidence from an empirical survey of whare depicted in sketches, paintings, engravings and photographs. Rigorous statistical analysis was beyound the scope of a Master�s thesis, however trends in the data are presented. A range of these are reproduced illustrating the text. After changing gradually for 130 years, the ordinary Maori whare appears to have been widely replaced by European-style houses in the early decades of the 20th century. In Aotearoa/New Zealand in the 1990s, it is apparent that Maori culture has survived the 220 or so years since contact. These years entailed increasing contact between Maori and European. In mid 20th century academic studies of Maori communities, European-style houses were found to have been used in line with continuing Maori conceptions. This evidence indicates that traditional ideas were transferred to European-style houses. The gradual changes in the whare prior to the 20th century indicate that it was a conservative social construction of space conforming to expectations about vernacular architecture generally. But the process by which Maori culture was maintained and reproduced was complicated that further study of Maori conceptions of space within the home is required.

In Australia, the standard structural system for residential construction is brick veneer where the stud wall (whether timber or cold-formed steel) is the load-bearing element and an external skin of brickwork is used for weatherproofing, insulation and aesthetic reasons. The stud wall framed structure has plasterboard interior cladding attached (commonly known as lining), brick-veneer exterior cladding, with terracotta or concrete roof tiles or steel sheet roofing. Therefore, the stud frame is lined on only one side with plasterboard material. This differs from the standard practice used in North America where both sides where both sides of the stud frame are usually lined, one with internal plasterboard material and the other with insulated external cladding material and a brick skin is not used. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2006.

'Home' in a country with a notorious history of division becomes both a material and symbolic handle for belonging. The thesis looks at the nature of home making and home building as it is subjected to conflicts of tradition and domestic design organisation. The material objects together with the physical as well as the psychological spaces of home in South Africa exemplify the struggle with the ironies of a nascent modern era. / The thesis addresses the combination of home and modernity in a place and at a time when the one seemed to cancel the other. The role of authorities and missionaries in determining what home was to particularly categorised people and also what modernity should represent contributes to the subtle formulations of meaning in the narrative of this thesis. South African design and material culture precedes a discussion of land as home and visual culture's expression of this. This expression is seen in the monumentalising of struggles for a home country and more specifically a homeland. Some of these visual expressions are in the form of architecture and some as sculpture, painting or drawing. The visual art of the time informs and comments upon the notion of home as a place of belonging, longing or a place that is lost. A subtle reading of this ostensibly modern art is that it is strangely disengaged from its subject matter. Notions of white supremacy in line with a romantic nationalism based on theocratic beliefs in the 'promised land' are addressed in relation to these and other visual documents of the time. / Domestic design advice and advertising for the home provides insight into the home as an ideal as well as the home as an example of ostensible modernity. Issues such as fashion, taste, relevant theories of consumption together with the constant denial of African consumption form the background to the chapter's arguments on white South African middle class consumer reticence. The printed face of South Africa's supposed domestic modernity in the advertisements and decorating columns is balanced by a discussion of deeper psychological and emotional interiorities, these are evidenced in biographies, letters, oral family histories and historical novels. The possible meaning of home is also viewed through the lens of historical documentation, which shows the role of authorities and missionaries as partial players in the construction of modern domesticities. The notion of domesticity and its association with western progress or civilisation is shown to be filled with anxieties relating to hygiene and order. / Thesis (PhDArchitectureandDesign)--University of South Australia, 2005.

This document examines the public spaces created by the built environment of the city and asks: How is it that the apparently benign and benevolent activity of designing public space can in fact reinforce values that effectively marginalise and exclude significant groups of people? It contrasts the consequences of design decisions that are based on a value system of ???either/or??? with the possibility for designs based on ???both/and???. The perception of boundaries, the desire to dwell, the need to belong and the relationship of these phenomena to an understanding of ???self???, is proposed as the key means for analysing how public space is experienced by the user. The document uses the language of barriers and boundaries to interrogate how the value systems of those with the control over resources is manifest in the built environment of the city, and examines the impact such environments have on the user???s desire to ???dwell??? and need to belong. The potential for an alternate paradigm based on a system that recognises ???both/and??? to produce beneficial outcomes is then proposed, with a focus on an ethic of care to complement the ethic of justice that currently guides design decisions for public space. Personal interviews with architects, town planners, representatives from relevant government agencies, and users of public space, participation in public meetings and systematic observation of specific sites have been used to inform the argument and assess the validity of claims. The document is extended by a body of visual work that further interrogates the need to belong and broader issues of the primal significance of ???sanctuary??? to the ability to ???dwell???. The making and maintaining of boundaries, necessary to form a sanctuary, is portrayed as a process fraught with insecurities and vulnerabilities necessitating, in circumstances where personal power or the ability to influence one???s environment is diminished, the use of subversive tactics in order to create a space in which one can belong.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of English, 1990? / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 502-514).