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Ma Yong Hong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-151). / ABSTRACT --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- History of dyestuffs --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The classification of dyes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- The application of dyes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Ecological aspects of colour chemistry --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Toxicity to microorganisms --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Toxicity to Mammals --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Colour contamination --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Treatment of wastewater containing dyes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.7 --- Studies on the field of biodegradation of dyes --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Current knowledge of biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Degradation of azo dyes by fungi and helminths --- p.16 / Chapter 1.8 --- Purpose of study --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Recipes --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Isolating medium (I.M.) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Basal Medium (B.M.) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- LB Medium (Luria Broth) --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Mineral salt medium (M.S.M.) --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Isolation of azo-dye decolorization (ADD) strain --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Sample collection --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Preparation of inoculum --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Selection and isolation strain ADD 16-2 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Optimal growth condition for strain ADD 16-2 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assay of decolorization activity --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Measurement of azo dye concentration --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Assay of azo dye decolorization activity of strain ADD 16-2 --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Structural specificity of the decolorization reaction --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Identification of the strain ADD cleavage product(s) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Degradation of the intermediate(s)-sulfanific acid --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Enrichment and isolation of sulfanific acid degradation strains (SAD) --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Optimal sulfanific acid degradation condition of strain SAD M-l --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Complete degradation of a model azo dye (Tropaeolin O) by co-metabolism of strain ADD 16-2 and strain SAD M-l --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Assay for the degradation of the Tropaeolin O by immobilized strain ADD 16-2 and strain SAD M-l --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Method of immobilizing bacteria in sodium alginate --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Optimal reaction condition of the immobilized strain ADD 16-2 and strain SAD M-l --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.7.3 --- The decolorization activity of free and immobilized cells for different dye concentration --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Construction of continuous column systems for complete dye degradation --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.8.1 --- A Continuous anaerobic/aerobic pack-bed column system --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.8.2 --- A continuous anaerobic packed-bed column and aerobic airlift-loop reactor --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- Decolorization of azo dyes --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Isolation of ADD strain --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Growth condition of strain ADD 16-2 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- The effect of aeration on the growth of strain ADD 16-2 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Other factors affecting the growth of strain ADD 16-2 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Effect of carbon source on growth --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Decolorization of azo dyes --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Determination of dye concentration --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3.1.A --- Determination of the wavelengths of the absorption maxima of azo dyes --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3.1.B --- Standard concentration curve of azo dyes --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Optimal condition for dye decolorization --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3.2.A --- Effect of aeration --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3.2.B --- Effect of temperature --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3.2.C --- Effect of pH --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.3.1.D --- Effect of different carbon sources --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Structural specificity of the azo dye decolorization reaction --- p.68 / Chapter 3.1.3.4 --- Analysis of the biodegradation products from Tropaeolin O --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2 --- Degradation of the intermediate sulfanific acid --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Enrichment and isolation of strains that can degrade the azo dye decolorization product(s) --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Condition of sulfanific acid degradation --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- The effect of the pH --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2.2.2. --- The effect of temperature --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3 --- An attemption of complete degradation of Tropaeolin O by strains ADD 16-2 and SAD M-l with combined anaerobic-aerobic process --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4 --- To study the decolorization potential store stain ADD 16-2 immobilized condition --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Condition of decolorization of Tropaeolin O by the immobilized cell ADD 16-2 --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- The effect of the alginate gel concentration on the decolorization potential of strain ADD 16-2 --- p.89 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- The effect the of cell number entrapped in different size of alginate beads on the decolorization ability of the cell ADD 16-2 --- p.89 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- The effect of pH on the decolorization potential of immobilized strain ADD 16-2 --- p.92 / Chapter 3.4.1.4 --- The effect of temperature on the decolorization potential of immobilized cell ADD 16-2 --- p.95 / Chapter 3.4.1.5 --- The effects of Tropaeolin O concentration on the decolorization activity of strain ADD 16-2 --- p.95 / Chapter 3.5 --- Assay for the degradation of sulfanific acid by the immobilized cells SAD M-l --- p.99 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Optimizing the condition of degradation of sulfanific acid by immobilized cells SAD M-l --- p.100 / Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- The effects of alginate gel concentration on the degradation potential of immobilized cells SAD M-l --- p.100 / Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- The effect of the amount of cells entrappedin alginate beads on the degradation of sulfanilic acid --- p.100 / Chapter 3.5.1.3 --- The effect of pH on sulfanific acid degradation by the immobilized bacterial cells SAD M-l --- p.103 / Chapter 3.5.1.4 --- The effect of temperature on degradation potential of the immobilized bacterial cells SAD M-l --- p.103 / Chapter 3.6 --- Degradation of Tropaeolin O by immobilized strains in a continuous anaerobic/aerobic column system --- p.107 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- DISCUSSIONS / Chapter 4.1 --- Decolorization of azo dye --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mineralization of the decolorization intermediate --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3 --- Two-step azo dye mineralization --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4 --- Functional aspects of immobilized cells --- p.124 / Chapter 4.5 --- Decolorization of Tropaeolin O by a continuous column reactor --- p.128 / REFERENCES --- p.127

by Kat-on So. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 162-170.