Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo da resposta dinâmica dos motores de indução trifásicos submetidos a afundamentos de tensão. As simulações computacionais sobre um sistema de distribuição, assim como a modelagem dos motores de indução trifásicos baseada em dados reais, foram realizadas utilizando-se do software ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Estas tiveram por objetivo gerar situações representativas da operação do sistema elétrico de potência (SEP), caracterizando afundamentos de tensão, fenômenos estes pertencentes à classe de variações de tensão de curta duração (VTCD), no contexto da qualidade da energia elétrica (QEE). Da observação destes afundamentos, verificaram-se as situações que vieram ou não, a comprometer a alimentação do equipamento analisado e, conseqüentemente, seu desempenho. Pelos resultados observados, evidencia-se que a metodologia de análise aplicada é satisfatória e condizente com o encontrado em situações reais de operação dos motores de indução trifásicos, denotando certas características intrínsecas no contexto das VTCDs. / This research shows a study on the dynamic response of three-phase induction motors submitted to voltage sags. Computer simulations about a distribution system, as well as the modeling of three-phase induction motors based on actual data, were made using ATP (Alternative Transients Program) software. These simulations intended to generate representative situations of the electrical power system (EPS) operation, characterizing voltage sags, which is a phenomenon belonging to the class of short duration voltage variations (SDVV), in the electrical power quality context (EPQ). From the observation of these sags, we verified the situations that jeopardized or not the supply of the analyzed equipment and, consequently, its performance. From the observed results, it becomes evident that the methodology of the applied analysis is satisfactory and in agreement with the one found in actual situations of three-phase induction motors operations, indicating certain characteristics intrinsic to the SDVV context.

Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo da resposta dinâmica dos motores de indução trifásicos submetidos a afundamentos de tensão. As simulações computacionais sobre um sistema de distribuição, assim como a modelagem dos motores de indução trifásicos baseada em dados reais, foram realizadas utilizando-se do software ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Estas tiveram por objetivo gerar situações representativas da operação do sistema elétrico de potência (SEP), caracterizando afundamentos de tensão, fenômenos estes pertencentes à classe de variações de tensão de curta duração (VTCD), no contexto da qualidade da energia elétrica (QEE). Da observação destes afundamentos, verificaram-se as situações que vieram ou não, a comprometer a alimentação do equipamento analisado e, conseqüentemente, seu desempenho. Pelos resultados observados, evidencia-se que a metodologia de análise aplicada é satisfatória e condizente com o encontrado em situações reais de operação dos motores de indução trifásicos, denotando certas características intrínsecas no contexto das VTCDs. / This research shows a study on the dynamic response of three-phase induction motors submitted to voltage sags. Computer simulations about a distribution system, as well as the modeling of three-phase induction motors based on actual data, were made using ATP (Alternative Transients Program) software. These simulations intended to generate representative situations of the electrical power system (EPS) operation, characterizing voltage sags, which is a phenomenon belonging to the class of short duration voltage variations (SDVV), in the electrical power quality context (EPQ). From the observation of these sags, we verified the situations that jeopardized or not the supply of the analyzed equipment and, consequently, its performance. From the observed results, it becomes evident that the methodology of the applied analysis is satisfactory and in agreement with the one found in actual situations of three-phase induction motors operations, indicating certain characteristics intrinsic to the SDVV context.

The precision of machining systems is ever increasing in order to keep up with components’ accuracy requirements. At the same time product variants areincreasing and order quantities are decreasing, which introduces high demands on the capability of machining systems. The machining system is an interaction between the machine tool structure, the process and the control system and is defined in terms of capability by the positional, static, dynamic and thermal accuracy. So far, the control of the machining system, in terms of static and dynamic stability is process based which is often translated into sub-optimum process parameters and therefore low productivity.This thesis proposes a new approach for control of the machining systemwhich is based on the capability to control the structural properties of themachine tool and as a result, controlling the outcome of the machining process.The control of the structural properties is realized by carefully designed Joint Interface Modules (JIMS). These modules allow for control of the stiffness and damping of the structure, as a result of tuning the contact conditions on the interface of the JIM; this is performed by control of the pre-load on the interface,by treatment of the interface with damping enhancing materials, or both. The thesis consists of a presentation of the motivation behind this work, the theoretical basis on which the proposed concept is based and a part describing the experimental investigations carried out. Two prototype JIMs, one for a milling process and one for a turning process were used in the experimental investigations that constitute the case studies for examining the validity of the proposed concept and demonstrating its applicability in a real production environment. / <p>QC 20140611</p> / EU FP7 POPJIM

Il est reconnu que la structure des semi-conducteurs organiques influence la sensibilité et la sensitivité des capteurs des gaz. Pour améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents dans les capteurs à base des transistors d’effet de champ organique (OFETs) cette thèse a exploré trois pistes différentes : L’utilisation de l’hystérésis des caractéristiques de transfert comme paramètre de détection des gaz est étudié. En ajoutant l’hystérésis aux paramètres standards, on améliore la sélectivité des OFETs à base de poly(3-hexylthiophène) aux gaz polaires. Des mesures transitoires de courant indiquent que la cinétique de piégeage et de piégeage des porteurs de charges est à l’origine de cette amélioration. Pour comprendre l’influence qu’à la structure moléculaire sur la sensibilité aux vapeurs d’éthanol, des polymères avec des chaînes latérales alcoxyle dont on fait varier la polarité ainsi que l’encombrement stérique, ont été étudiés. L’intensité de la réponse est corrélée avec la quantité d’analyte absorbée et le moment dipolaire des chaînes latérales. Pour permettre l’étude des mécanismes à l’échelle nanométrique, une partie de ce travail se concentre sur la fabrication de transistors avec une taille de canal réduite. En utilisant le nitrure de silicium comme couche diélectrique, on réduite les tensions de commande et les propriétés chimiques à l’interface. / The molecular structure of organic semiconductors which can be tailored by the chemical synthesis influences the sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensor devices. To improve the understanding of the ongoing mechanisms in sensors based on organic field effect transistors (OFETs) this thesis follows three different tracks: The applicability of the hysteresis of the transfer characteristics as a gas sensing parameter is studied. As a complement to the standard transistor parameters the hysteresis improves the selectivity of poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) based OFETs to polar gases. Transient current measurements indicate the additional dependence on the detrapping kinetics as origin of the increased selectivity. To understand the influence of the molecular structure on the gas sensing behavior, polymers with alkoxy side chains, varying in polarity and steric hindrance, are used as gas sensing layer for ethanol vapor. The response strength correlates with the amount of absorbed analyte and the dipole moment of the side chains. To enable investigations of the mechanisms at the nanoscale, one part of this work focuses on the preparation of transistors with a reduced channel length. By using silicon nitride as dielectric layer, driving voltages decreased and interface properties could be improved.

The thesis compares the dynamic response of lightweight footbridge structure. Two finite element models were made. One in Ansys 15.0 software, and another in RFEM 5.05 structural software. The results of the models were compared to each other. The response to dynamic excitation from pedestrians was evaluated in accordance to ČSN EN 1990/A2.

No description available.

Sous contraintes industrielles, les micro-organismes sont soumis à différents stress technologiques, liés à leur culture en réacteur de grande taille, altérant leur viabilité et les performances des procédés. Les fluctuations des paramètres physico-chimiques (température, pH, …) sont responsables de cette baisse d’efficacité de la fermentation. Afin de contribuer à l’intensification des performances des procédés de production de bio-éthanol, ce projet de thèse propose d’améliorer la robustesse d’une souche industrielle de Saccharomyces cerevisiae productrice d’alcool vis-à-vis d’un stress environnemental : la température. La stratégie générale de ce projet réside dans l’obtention d’un mutant plus tolérant que la souche sauvage au stress appliqué par abaissement de son taux de décès. Un pilote original de culture en continu a été mis en place, couplant mutagénèse aux UV, générant des modifications génétiques et pression de sélection par des variations de température, permettant la sélection des variants les plus robustes. Un modèle phénoménologique a été développé afin de simuler les cinétiques microbiennes selon le mode de conduite du pilote et d’optimiser les conditions de fonctionnement nécessaires à l’obtention des futurs variants. Ce modèle cinétique fait intervenir l’influence de la température sur les cinétiques de croissance, de décès cellulaire et de production d’éthanol chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ces cinétiques ont été quantifiées expérimentalement en fonction de la température et des traitements de mutagénèse par UV. Grâce aux conditions obtenues par simulation, des cultures en mode continu ont été réalisées et des variants obtenus ont été caractérisés, en condition de production intensive d’éthanol, sur la base de leurs performances en termes de croissance, de décès et de capacités fermentaires. Cette stratégie a permis de sélectionner un variant possédant une meilleure robustesse vis-à-vis de la température, caractérisé par un taux de décès plus faible que celui de la souche sauvage. Néanmoins ce variant ne se caractérise pas par de meilleures performances fermentaires / Under industrial constraints, microorganisms are exposed to various stresses, due to their cultivation in large scale bioreactor, altering their viability and the performances of bioprocesses. Fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, ...) are responsible for this reduction in fermentation efficiency. This Ph.D project intends to improve the robustness of an industrial ethanol producer Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain under heat stress, in order to improve its industrial production of bio-ethanol under temperature fluctuating environment. The strategy of this project is to obtain a mutant more tolerant than the wild type strain to heat stress, possessing a lower death rate. An original continuous culture reactor has been designed, coupling UV mutagenesis (generating genetic modifications) and selection pressure (temperature) to select the most robust variant. A phenomenological model was proposed to simulate microbial kinetics based on the monitoring strategy of the chemostat and to optimize the operating conditions necessary for the generation of variants. This dynamic model involves the impact of the temperature on the kinetics of growth, cell death and ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These kinetics were experimentally quantified as a function of the temperature and the UV treatment. Continuous cultures were carried out under the simulated conditions and some variants were characterized in very high ethanol performance fermentations in terms of growth, death and production performances. This strategy allowed us to select a variant possessing a better thermal robustness characterized by a lower death rate than the wild type strain under heat stress. However, the reduction of the death rate did not translate into better ethanol production performances

In this thesis, I investigate dynamic and computational properties of prokaryotic signalling architectures commonly known as the Two Component Signalling networks and phosphorelays. The aim of this study is to understand the information processing capabilities of different prokaryotic signalling architectures by examining the dynamics they exhibit. I present original investigations into the dynamics of different phosphorelay architectures and identify network architectures that include a commonly found four step phosphorelay architecture with a capacity for tuning its steady state output to implement different signal-response behaviours viz. sigmoidal and hyperbolic response. Biologically, this tuning can be implemented through physiological processes like regulating total protein concentrations (e.g. via transcriptional regulation or feedback), altering reaction rate constants through binding of auxiliary proteins on relay components, or by regulating bi-functional activity in relays which are mediated by bifunctional histidine kinases. This study explores the importance of different biochemical arrangements of signalling networks and their corresponding response dynamics. Following investigations into the significance of various biochemical reactions and topological variants of a four step relay architecture, I explore the effects of having different types of proteins in signalling networks. I show how multi-domain proteins in a phosphorelay architecture with multiple phosphotransfer steps occurring on the same protein can exhibit multistability through a combination of double negative and positive feedback loops. I derive a minimal multistable (core) architecture and show how component sharing amongst networks containing this multistable core can implement computational logic (like AND, OR and ADDER functions) that allows cells to integrate multiple inputs and compute an appropriate response. I examine the genomic distribution of single and multi domain kinases and annotate their partner response regulator proteins across prokaryotic genomes to find the biological significance of dynamics that these networks embed and the processes they regulate in a cell. I extract data from a prokaryotic two component protein database and take a sequence based functional annotation approach to identify the process, function and localisation of different response regulators as signalling partners in these networks. In summary, work presented in this thesis explores the dynamic and computational properties of different prokaryotic signalling networks and uses them to draw an insight into the biological significance of multidomain sensor kinases in living cells. The thesis concludes with a discussion on how this understanding of the dynamic and computational properties of prokaryotic signalling networks can be used to design synthetic circuits involving different proteins comprising two component and phosphorelay architectures.

The master’s thesis deals with the possibilities of railway track modeling. The computational models were created in ANSYS Classic. Simplified 2D model represents a longitudal half of classic single track construction, 3D models represent classic single track construction and RHEDA 2000 slab track. Static and dynamic response of 2D model was compared with analytical solutions by Timoshenko and Fryba. Static and dynamic responses of 3D models were analyzed and compared.

Thesis deals with the modeling of pedestrian excitation of structures and obtaining the corresponding dynamic response of the structure. The trend of modern slender structures places more emphasis on the accuracy of modeling pedestrian dynamic excitation, which is difficult because of the intelligent behavior of pedestrians and the biological nature of the modeled pedestrian. First part of the thesis deals with traditional models of pedestrian excitation, based on application of pedestrian ground force to the model of construction. Models are explored on a model of slender footbridge for many different excitation variants in order to explore the specifics of the force excitation application and the structure response calculation. In second part of the thesis biomechanical pedestrian models are developed, including inertial forces, to calculate the pedestrian interaction with the structure. Parametric studies carried out on simplified structural models research the influence of design parameters of biomechanical models on dynamic response. The aim is to obtain a more accurate model of the pedestrian-construction system for refinement of the design of structures. The design of a tuned mass dampers for the reduction of pedestrian induced vibrations is also explored. Tuned mass dampers are devoted to parametric studies that deal with the influence of design parameters of the damper on the efficiency and design requirements of the device. The aim is to explore the design parameters and their influence on the efficient and economical design of the device. In the thesis were developed two biomechanical models, a simple biomechanical model with one vertical degree of freedom and a bipedal model of a human walking. Models have proven a certain degree of interaction when exciting light footbridges by one pedestrian. Bipedal model then also brought a partial insight into the mechanics of walking and the causes of pedestrian contact forces.