The design and implementation of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is presented in this thesis. The proposed DVR can restore the end-user voltage to its normal level by rapidly injecting a compensating voltage onto the power line against the upstream power disturbances. The control algorithm uses the concept of reference voltage tracking method. Based on the electric circuit theory, the filter of the DVR is also analyzed. Besides, performance of the proposed method is simulated and compared with other different control methods by using Matlab-simulink/PSB. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. A 2.18 KVA DVR prototype is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed method.

O restaurador dinâmico de tensão (DVR) é uma solução baseada em eletrônica de potência para minimizar os problemas causados por afundamentos e elevações de tensão em equipamentos ou cargas sensíveis a esses tipos de distúrbios. Basicamente a operação do DVR consiste em injetar na rede tensões de correção com a finalidade de anular o afundamento ou a elevação na tensão aplicada à carga. Tipicamente, a estrutura do controlador utilizado em um DVR é composta por uma malha interna de corrente e uma malha externa de tensão. Usualmente um controlador do tipo proporcional ou proporcional integral é utilizado na malha interna de corrente e um controlador ressonante é utilizado na malha externa de tensão. O presente trabalho apresenta um projeto de controlador robusto para rastreamento da tensão injetada pelo DVR que garante estabilidade robusta do sistema com respeito à variação dos parâmetros da carga. Além disso, o controlador proposto garante valores pré-definidos para o erro de rastreamento e para a rejeição do distúrbio causado por correntes de carga distorcidas na tensão injetada pelo DVR. A síntese do controlador robusto de tensão é feita com base no método de projeto H? pela formulação da sensibilidade mista. Todas as especificações de desempenho e robustez são impostas por meio de restrições nos diagramas de resposta em frequência do sistema em malha fechada (funções sensibilidade e sensibilidade complementar). O desempenho do controlador proposto é verificado e a metodologia de projeto é validada por simulações e experimentos realizados em um DVR de baixa potência. / The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a power electronics based solution for mitigation of voltage sags and swells effects on sensitive loads, which basically injects voltages in series with the grid. Typically the controller structure for a DVR is composed by an inner current loop and an outer voltage loop. Usually proportional or a proportional-integral controller is used for the current loop and a resonant controller is used for the voltage loop. This paper presents the design of a robust controller for the voltage tracking loop of a DVR that guaranties the robust stability against load parameters variation. Moreover, the proposed controller assures the tracking of a sinusoidal voltage waveform, as well the rejection of the non linear load current influence, both with a pre specified error. The voltage controller design is based on H? mix-sensitivity parameter specification approach. All the performance and robustness requirements are specified and analyzed based on the frequency response plot of closed loop transfer function (sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions). The proposed controller performance is validated by simulation and by experiments carried out on a low scale DVR prototype.

O restaurador dinâmico de tensão (DVR) é uma solução baseada em eletrônica de potência para minimizar os problemas causados por afundamentos e elevações de tensão em equipamentos ou cargas sensíveis a esses tipos de distúrbios. Basicamente a operação do DVR consiste em injetar na rede tensões de correção com a finalidade de anular o afundamento ou a elevação na tensão aplicada à carga. Tipicamente, a estrutura do controlador utilizado em um DVR é composta por uma malha interna de corrente e uma malha externa de tensão. Usualmente um controlador do tipo proporcional ou proporcional integral é utilizado na malha interna de corrente e um controlador ressonante é utilizado na malha externa de tensão. O presente trabalho apresenta um projeto de controlador robusto para rastreamento da tensão injetada pelo DVR que garante estabilidade robusta do sistema com respeito à variação dos parâmetros da carga. Além disso, o controlador proposto garante valores pré-definidos para o erro de rastreamento e para a rejeição do distúrbio causado por correntes de carga distorcidas na tensão injetada pelo DVR. A síntese do controlador robusto de tensão é feita com base no método de projeto H? pela formulação da sensibilidade mista. Todas as especificações de desempenho e robustez são impostas por meio de restrições nos diagramas de resposta em frequência do sistema em malha fechada (funções sensibilidade e sensibilidade complementar). O desempenho do controlador proposto é verificado e a metodologia de projeto é validada por simulações e experimentos realizados em um DVR de baixa potência. / The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a power electronics based solution for mitigation of voltage sags and swells effects on sensitive loads, which basically injects voltages in series with the grid. Typically the controller structure for a DVR is composed by an inner current loop and an outer voltage loop. Usually proportional or a proportional-integral controller is used for the current loop and a resonant controller is used for the voltage loop. This paper presents the design of a robust controller for the voltage tracking loop of a DVR that guaranties the robust stability against load parameters variation. Moreover, the proposed controller assures the tracking of a sinusoidal voltage waveform, as well the rejection of the non linear load current influence, both with a pre specified error. The voltage controller design is based on H? mix-sensitivity parameter specification approach. All the performance and robustness requirements are specified and analyzed based on the frequency response plot of closed loop transfer function (sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions). The proposed controller performance is validated by simulation and by experiments carried out on a low scale DVR prototype.

This thesis presents the application of a series interconnection module for small distributed generation (DG) or renewable energy systems integration in the distribution network. The concept used one set of voltage source converter (VSC) with battery energy storage system to control the injected voltage magnitude and phase angle for power injection and voltage sag mitigation applications. Through an energy storage device and the VSC, the module allows storage of surplus energy during off peak period and release for use during daytime peak load period, therefore, exhibits a load leveling characteristic. Due to its series connection characteristic, it is convenient in preventing islanding operation and suitable for voltage sag mitigation. The concept is suitable for locations where the voltage phase shift is not a problem. Due to the use of only one set of VSC, it is economic for customer site distributed energy resource applications.

Among most severe power system disturbances those degrading power quality are voltage sags and transient interruptions. Even voltage sags lasting only a few tens of milliseconds are enough to bring entire production lines to standstill, causing considerable economic damage as well as endangering the production equipment. Therefore necessary measures have to be taken to protect sensitive loads which are susceptible to these voltage disturbances. Among the solution candidates such as, Uninterruptible Power Supplies, Motor-Generator Sets, etc, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is an effective custom power device has been proposed to mitigate such bus voltage sags on sensitive loads with its excellent dynamic performance. In this study, load side connected shunt converter topology was chosen for the implementation of DVR. The performance DVR was tried to be improved by improving the control strategy used. Super Film located in Gaziantep which is one of the SANKO subsidiary company was chosen to simulate the operation of DVR as actual case of Turkish industry. All the simulations in this study were carried on PSCAD/EMTDC Software.

When more induction generator based wind farms are integrated into the power system, the system voltage dips and stability problems may arise due to the draw of reactive power by induction generators. The power system short-circuit event induced wind turbine trips could result in power imbalance and lead to power system instability. This thesis studies the influence of two compensation techniques on the wind turbine low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. One of which is based on a parallel compensation by a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and the other one is a series compensation by a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). In this study, Matlab tools and models are used to simulate an active-stall controlled fixed-speed induction generator connected to a power system. Two system configurations are used to simulate three phase faults and compare the improvement of wind turbine LVRT capability due to the two studied compensation techniques. Simulation results indicate that wind turbine compensated by DVR would have better LVRT performance than that by STATCOM in dealing with the low voltage situations due to system faults.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2400808 bytes, checksum: 3c7c682278f78e771b9fee7c273a134b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work presents a technique to suppress saturation in series transformers applied to dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) systems. The technique consists in correcting the voltages which are injected through the transformers into the power system to compensate voltage sags. The presented method ensures complete elimination of the DC flux-linkage or shifts the flux-linkage curve, restricting their AC amplitude, so that the flux level does not exceed the limits of the transformer, preventing it works in the saturation region. The validation of this method will be realized from simulations and experimental results. / Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica para evitar a saturação dos transformadores de tensão em série aplicados em um restaurador dinâmico de tensão (DVR). A técnica consiste em alterar as tensões que são injetadas através dos transformadores para compensar afundamentos de tensão no sistema de potência. O método apresentado assegura uma eliminação completa do fluxo c.c. ou desloca a curva de fluxo, restringido sua amplitude c.a., de maneira que o nível de fluxo não exceda os limites do transformador, evitando que o mesmo trabalhe na região de saturação. A validação deste método será realizada a partir de simulações e resultados experimentais.

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Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως αντικείμενο τη διερεύνηση της λειτουργίας και το σχεδιασμό συστήματος ελέγχου του δυναμικού αποκαταστάτη τάσης (DVR - Dynamic Voltage Restorer, όπως αναφέρεται στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία) που χρησιμοποιείται στα δίκτυα διανομής. Η συγκεκριμένη συσκευή ανήκει στην κατηγορία των FACTS (Flexible ac Transmission Systems), παρέχει εν σειρά αντιστάθμιση, και ο σκοπός λειτουργίας της είναι η βελτίωση της ποιότητας της παρεχόμενης ισχύος και η αύξηση της αξιοπιστίας του συστήματος. Εξειδικεύεται στις βυθίσεις τάσεως. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο δυναμικός αποκαταστάτης τάσης έχει στόχο, όπως μαρτυρά και το όνομά του, να διατηρεί την τάση ενός φορτίου κατά το δυνατόν σταθερή στην τιμή που αυτή είχε πριν συμβεί η όποια βύθιση. Έτσι, θα καταβληθεί προσπάθεια προκειμένου να προσομοιωθεί η λειτουργία μιας τέτοιας συσκευής σε ένα απλό δίκτυο με τη βοήθεια του λογισμικού PSCAD. Θα κατασκευαστεί ο DVR καθώς και το σύστημα ελέγχου του κι αφού συνδεθεί σε ένα φορτίο, θα δημιουργήσουμε διάφορα είδη σφαλμάτων και θα μελετήσουμε την απόκρισή του και την ικανότητά του να αποκαθιστά την τάση. / This diploma thesis refers to Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), a series compensator used in transmission systems. It is a device that belongs to FACTS and its main function is the mitigation of volatge sags and swells.

In the modern generation, Electric Power has become one of the fundamental needs for humans to survive. This is due to the dependence of continuous availability of power. However, for electric power to be available to the society, it has to pass through a number of complex stages. Through each stage power quality problems are experienced on the grid. Under-voltages and over-voltages are the most common electric problems experienced on the grid, causing industries and business firms losses of Billions of dollars each year. Researchers from different regions are attracted by an idea that will overcome all the electrical issues experienced in the traditional grid using Artificial Intelligence (AI). The idea is said to provide electric power that is sustainable, economical, reliable and efficient to the society based on Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). The idea is Smart Grid. The research focused on Power Quality Optimization in Smart Grid based on improved Differential Evolution (DE), with the objective functions to minimize voltage swells, counterbalance voltage sags and eliminate voltage surges or spikes, while maximizing the power quality. During Differential Evolution improvement research, elimination of stagnation, better and fast convergence speed were achieved based on modification of DE’s mutation schemes and parameter control selection. DE/Modi/2 and DE/Modi/3 modified mutation schemes proved to be the excellent improvement for DE algorithm by achieving excellent optimization results with regards to convergence speed and elimination of stagnation during simulations. The improved DE was used to optimize Power Quality in smart grid in combination with the reconfigured and modified Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). Excellent convergence results of voltage swells and voltage sags minimization were achieved based on application of multi-objective parallel operation strategy during simulations. MATLAB was used to model the proposed solution and experimental simulations. / Electrical and Mining Engineering / M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)