Les écoulements décollés sont omniprésents dans la nature comme dans les écoulements industriels (aérodynamique externe des véhicules, des bâtiments, écoulements autour d’aubes de turbines, aérodynamique interne dans des tuyaux...) où ils sont en général sources de nuisances (vibrations, bruit aéroacousitque, forces de traînée ou de portance). Les enjeux associés à la compréhension et à la maîtrise de tels écoulements, caractérisés par une bulle de recirculation, sont donc considérables.Un capteur "visuel" non invasif développé au laboratoire PMMH est d'abord amélioré afin d'accéder en temps réel aux champs de vitesses - et à leurs grandeurs dérivées - des écoulements rencontrés en soufflerie industrielle. Basé sur un algorithme de flot optique issu de la vision par ordinateur, cette approche expérimentale novatrice permet de faciliter les études paramétriques et peut être implémenté dans des boucles de contrôle réactif.Ensuite, les mesures obtenues pour un écoulement sur une plaque plane sont analysées dans le cadre de l'identification de système. Un modèle d’ordre réduit est alors construit par apprentissage, permettant de prédire la dynamique de la transition de la couche limite laminaire vers la turbulence.Enfin, le sillage pleinement turbulent derrière une géométrie modélisant une voiture simplifiée est caractérisé, de façon classique et en tant que système dynamique. Différentes modifications de l'écoulement à l'aide de micro-jets sont testées. Une loi de contrôle réactif consistant à suivre et forcer la recirculation est mise en œuvre avec succès. / Separated flows are ubiquitous in nature and industrial systems, such as diffusers, airfoils, air conditioning plants, moving vehicles... As the separation can strongly influence the performances of such devices, investigating their dynamics and their control is of great interest.A visual sensor developed at PMMH laboratory is first improved to measure in real time the velocity fields and its derived values for flows available in wind tunnels. Based on an optical flow algorithm from the computer vision domain, this new experimental approach makes easier parametric studies and may be used in closed-loop controls.The dynamics of the flow over a flat plate are then investigated. A system identification method - the dynamic observer - is successfully implemented to build a reduced-order model of the transient flow, which captures and predicts well the instabilities generated.Finally, the fully turbulent wake of the square-back Ahmed body is described. Dynamical system tools are applied to characterize it. Using continuous and pulsed micro-jets, different forcing strategies are analyzed. An opposition closed-loop control is implemented, tracking and driving the recirculation.

Modelos preditivos de mercado são ferramentas importantes para tomadores de decisões no âmbito público e privado. Devido à complexidade dinâmica do mercado imobiliário, composta pela interação de dois submercados distintos (mercado de ativos imobiliários e mercado de consumo de espaço) e pela limitação de dados disponíveis, o estudo analítico de mercados imobiliários requer a modelagem paramétrica de um sistema de equações que os descrevam, seguido pela identificação dos parâmetros deste sistema utilizando dados reais de uma região. Neste trabalho, estudamos o modelo dinâmico de mercado imobiliário proposto por Wheaton (1999), criado a partir do popular modelo de quatro quadrantes de autoria de DiPasquale e Wheaton (1996). Utilizamos técnicas de identificação de sistemas para elaborar um modelo de aprendizado para o estoque imobiliário, e o implementamos em Matlab. Aplicamos o método elaborado em dados simulados, para validá-lo, e então aplicamos o mesmo método, com adaptações, em dados reais do mercado imobiliário canadense. Os resultados obtidos validam o método de identificação de sistema dinâmico quando testado em dados simulados, e corroboram o modelo de Wheaton (1999) como modelo preditivo em dados reais. Ademais, os resultados indicam que um modelo que seja capaz de entender a evolução dinâmica dos parâmetros estáticos do modelo de Wheaton (1999), poderia melhorar os resultados deste como ferramenta preditiva. / Predictive market models are important tools for decision-makers in the public and private spheres. Due to the dynamic complexity of the real estate market, consisting of the interaction of two distinct submarkets (real estate asset market and space consumption market) and the lack of real estate data, the analytical study of real estate markets requires the parametric modeling of a system of equations describing them, followed by the identification of the parameters of this system using real data from a region. In this work, we study the dynamic real estate market model proposed by Wheaton (1999), created from the popular four-quadrant model of DiPasquale e Wheaton (1996). We use system identification techniques to develop a learning model for real estate inventory data, and implement it in Matlab. We apply the method devised in simulated data to validate it, and then apply the same method with adaptations in real data of the Canadian real estate market. The results validate the dynamic system identification method when tested in simulated data, and corroborate the Wheaton (1999) model as a predictive model in real data. In addition, the results indicate that a model that is able to understand the dynamic evolution of the static parameters of the Wheaton (1999) model, could improve its results as a predictive tool.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22521号 / 人博第924号 / 新制||人||221(附属図書館) / 2019||人博||924(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)准教授 木坂 正史, 教授 角 大輝, 教授 足立 匡義 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第23273号 / 人博第988号 / 新制||人||234(附属図書館) / 2020||人博||988(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 大輝, 教授 上木 直昌, 准教授 木坂 正史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Dans cette thèse, nous construisons des pavages de la droite réelle et du demi-plan hyperbolique à l’aide de représentants efficaces d’automorphismes IWIP du groupe libre Fn. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons la substitution définie par P. Arnoux, V. Berthé, A. Siegel, A. Hilion associée à un représentant efficace d’un automorphisme IWIP pour générer des espaces de pavages substitutifs apériodiques de la droite réelle. Nous montrons, en nous servant d’un théorème de connexité des représentants efficaces d’automorphismes IWIP dû à J. Los, que le type topologique de ces espaces de pavages est indépendant du choix du représentant. Nous associons ainsi, à homéomorphisme près, un espace de pavages de la droite réelle à une classe d’automorphisme externe IWIP de Fn, puis à une classe de conjugaison d’un élément IWIP dans Out(Fn). D’autre part, nous construisons à partir des éléments de l’espace de pavage de la droite réelle précédemment construits des pavages faiblement apériodiques pour le groupe des transformations affines du demi-plan hyperbolique. Nous étudions les propriétés topologiques et dynamiques de ces espaces de pavages du plan hyperbolique. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous montrons que les espaces de pavages précédemment construits peuvent être munis d’une structure lisse en se servant de leur structure de limite projective. / In this thesis, we construct tilings of the real line and the hyperbolic half-plane using train-track maps of IWIP free group automorphisms. One the one hand, we use a substitution defined by P. Arnoux, V. Berthé, A. Siegel, A. Hilion coming from a train-track map of a IWIP free group automorphism to generate substitutive aperiodic tilings of the real line. We show, thanks to a theorem of J. Los about connectivity of train-track representatives of an IWIP automorphism, that the topological type of those tiling spaces is the same up to a choice of train-track representative. Thus we associate, up to an homeomorphism, a tiling space of the real line to a class of an IWIP outer automorphism of Fn, then we extend this result to a conjugacy class of an IWIP element in Out(Fn). On the other hand, we construct from elements of tiling spaces of the real line previously defined, a set of weakly aperiodic for the affine group tilings of the hyperbolic half-plane. We study topological et dynamical properties of the tiling space generated by those hyperbolic tilings. Finally, in the last section we endow tiling spaces previously constructed with a smooth structure thanks to their inverse limit structure.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24390号 / 理博第4889号 / 新制||理||1699(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 大木谷 耕司, 教授 並河 良典, 准教授 竹広 真一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This dissertation presents a computational multiscale framework for predicting behavioral tendencies related to human addiction. The research encompasses three main contributions. The first contribution presents a formal, heuristic, and exploratory framework to conduct interdisciplinary investigations about the neuropsychological, cognitive, behavioral, and recovery constituents of addiction. The second contribution proposes a computational framework to account for real-life recoveries that are not dependent on pharmaceutical, clinical, and counseling support. This exploration relies upon a combination of current biological beliefs together with unorthodox rehabilitation practices, such as meditation, and proposes a conjecture regarding possible cognitive mechanisms involved in the recovery process. Further elaboration of this investigation leads on to the third contribution, which introduces a computational hypothesis for exploring the allostatic theory of addiction. A person engaging in drug consumption is likely to encounter mood deterioration and eventually to suffer the loss of a reasonable functional state (e.g., experience depression). The allostatic theory describes how the consumption of abusive substances modifies the brain's reward system by means of two mechanisms which aim to viably maintain the functional state of an addict. The first mechanism is initiated in the reward system itself, whereas the second might originate in the endocrine system or elsewhere. The proposed computational hypothesis indicates that the first mechanism can explain the functional stabilization of the addict, whereas the second mechanism is a candidate for a source of possible recovery. The formal arguments presented in this dissertation are illustrated by simulations which delineate archetypal patterns of human behavior toward drug consumption: escalation of use and influence of conventional and alternative rehabilitation treatments. Results obtained from this computational framework encourage an integrative approach to drug rehabilitation therapies which combine conventional therapies with alternative practices to achieve higher rates of consumption cessation and lower rates of relapse.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21552号 / 理博第4459号 / 新制||理||1640(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 藤 定義, 教授 佐々 真一, 教授 早川 尚男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM