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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de sistemas fortemente correlacionados

Ramos, Flávia Braga 17 February 2017 (has links)
FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Neste trabalho, investigamos propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de sistemas fortemente correlacionados quase-unidimensionais. A principal técnica utilizada no estudo de tais sistemas foi o grupo de renormalização da matriz de densidade. Neste contexto, um dos sistemas que consideramos foram as escadas de Heisenberg de N pernas com spin-s. Para estas escadas, investigamos propriedades estáticas, tais como energia por sítio no limite termodinâmico e gap de spin. Em particular, verificamos a validade da conjectura de Haldane-Sénéchal-Sierra para o comportamento do gap de spin das escadas de Heisenberg. Ainda para sistemas com geometria de escadas, outro problema que analisamos foi a entropia de emaranhamento de escadas quânticas críticas. Neste caso, propusemos uma conjectura para o comportamento de escala desta entropia. A fim de verificar nossa conjectura, consideramos as escadas férmions livres, de Heisenberg e escadas de Ising quânticas. Por fim, investigamos o comportamento das correlações dinâmicas de sistemas fortemente correlacionados unidimensionais. Para este caso, apresentamos um estudo detalhado do comportamento assintótico das autocorrelações de spin dinâmicas no bulk e na borda de tais sistemas. / In this work, we investigated static and dynamical properties of quasi-one-dimensional strongly correlated systems. The main technique used in the study of such systems was the density matrix renormalization group. In this context, one of the systems that we considered were the spin-s N-leg Heisenberg ladders. For these ladders, we investigated static properties, such as the energy per site in the thermodynamic limit and the spin gap. In particular, we checked the validity of the Haldane-Sénéchal-Sierra's conjecture for the spin gap behavior of the Heisenberg ladders. Also for systems with ladders geometry, another problem that we analyzed was the entanglement entropy of quantum critical ladders. In this case, we proposed a conjecture for the scaling behavior of this entropy. In order to check our conjecture, we consider free fermions, Heisenberg ladders and quantum Ising ladders. Finally, we investigated the behavior of the dynamical correlations in one-dimensional strongly correlated systems. For this case, we presented a detailed study of the asymptotic behavior of the dynamical spin autocorrelations at the bulk and the boundary of such systems. / Tese (Doutorado)
2

Probing Dynamics and Correlations in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators

Geier, Kevin Thomas 21 July 2022 (has links)
Cold-atom quantum simulators offer unique possibilities to prepare, manipulate, and probe quantum many-body systems. However, despite the high level of control in modern experiments, not all observables of interest are easily accessible. This thesis aims at establishing protocols to measure currently elusive static and dynamic properties of quantum systems. The experimental feasibility of these schemes is illustrated by means of numerical simulations for relevant applications in many-body physics and quantum simulation. In particular, we introduce a general method for measuring dynamical correlations based on non-Hermitian linear response. This enables unbiased tests of the famous fluctuation-dissipation relation as a probe of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. Furthermore, we develop ancilla-based techniques for the measurement of currents and current correlations, permitting the characterization of strongly correlated quantum matter. Another application is geared towards revealing signatures of supersolidity in spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases by exciting the relevant Goldstone modes. Finally, we explore a scenario for quantum-simulating post-inflationary reheating dynamics by parametrically driving a Bose gas into the regime of universal far-from-equilibrium dynamics. The presented protocols also apply to other analog quantum simulation platforms and thus open up promising applications in the field of quantum science and technology. / I simulatori quantistici ad atomi freddi offrono possibilità uniche per preparare, manipolare e sondare sistemi quantistici a molti corpi. Tuttavia, nonostante l'alto livello di controllo raggiunto negli esperimenti moderni, non tutte le osservabili di interesse sono facilmente accessibili. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di stabilire protocolli per misurare delle proprietà statiche e dinamiche dei sistemi quantistici attualmente inaccessibili. La fattibilità sperimentale di questi schemi è illustrata mediante simulazioni numeriche per applicazioni rilevanti nella fisica a molti corpi e nella simulazione quantistica. In particolare, introduciamo un metodo generale per misurare le correlazioni dinamiche basato su una risposta lineare non hermitiana. Ciò consente test imparziali della famosa relazione fluttuazione-dissipazione come sonda di termalizzazione in sistemi quantistici isolati. Inoltre, sviluppiamo tecniche basate su ancilla per la misura di correnti e correlazioni di corrente, consentendo la caratterizzazione della materia quantistica fortemente correlata. Un'altra applicazione è orientata a rivelare l'impronta della supersolidità nei gas Bose con accoppiamento spin-orbita eccitando il corrispondente modo di Goldstone. Infine, esploriamo uno scenario per la simulazione quantistica della dinamica di riscaldamento post-inflazione modulando parametricamente un gas Bose e portandolo nel regime della dinamica universale lontana dall'equilibrio. I protocolli presentati si applicano anche ad altre piattaforme di simulazione quantistica analogica e aprono quindi applicazioni promettenti nel campo della scienza e della tecnologia quantistica. / Quantensimulatoren auf Basis ultrakalter Atome eröffnen einzigartige Möglichkeiten zur Präparation, Manipulation und Untersuchung von Quanten-Vielteilchen-Systemen. Trotz des hohen Maßes an Kontrolle in modernen Experimenten sind jedoch nicht alle interessanten Observablen auf einfache Weise zugänglich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Protokolle zur Messung aktuell nur schwer erfassbarer statischer und dynamischer Eigenschaften von Quantensystemen zu etablieren. Die experimentelle Realisierbarkeit dieser Verfahren wird durch numerische Simulationen anhand relevanter Anwendungen in der Vielteilchenphysik und Quantensimulation veranschaulicht. Insbesondere wird eine allgemeine Methode zur Messung dynamischer Korrelationen basierend auf der linearen Antwort auf nicht-hermitesche Störungen vorgestellt. Diese ermöglicht unabhängige Tests des berühmten Fluktuations-Dissipations-Theorems als Indikator der Thermalisierung isolierter Quantensysteme. Darüber hinaus werden Verfahren zur Messung von Strömen und Strom-Korrelationen mittels Kopplung an einen Hilfszustand entwickelt, welche die Charakterisierung stark korrelierter Quantenmaterie erlauben. Eine weitere Anwendung zielt auf die Enthüllung spezifischer Merkmale von Supersolidität in Spin-Bahn-gekoppelten Bose-Einstein-Kondensaten ab, indem die relevanten Goldstone-Moden angeregt werden. Schließlich wird ein Szenario zur Quantensimulation post-inflationärer Thermalisierungsdynamik durch die parametrische Anregung eines Bose-Gases in das Regime universeller Dynamik fern des Gleichgewichts erschlossen. Die dargestellten Protokolle lassen sich auch auf andere Plattformen für analoge Quantensimulation übertragen und eröffnen damit vielversprechende Anwendungen auf dem Gebiet der Quantentechnologie.

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