Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work, we present a two-dimensional mapping of the central region of the active galaxies NGC 1068 and NGC 2110, using near infrared integral field spectroscopy with the instrument NIFS (Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph) on the Gemini North Telescope. For NGC1068, we present measurements for the stellar kinematics by fitting the CO absorptions in the H and K bands, at a spatial resolution of � 8 pc. For NGC2110 we used K band observations at a spatial resolution of � 24pc. Besides the stellar kinematics, we present flux distributions and kinematics for the molecular and ionized gas emission lines. The stellar velocity fields for both galaxies present a typical rotation pattern, being well represented by a kinematic model, in wich the stars have circular orbits in the plane of disk and are subject to a Plummer potential. The mass of the supermassive black hole in the center of NGC1068 was estimated to be M = 4.3+6 −3 × 107M� from M −s? relation. For NGC 2110, M was estimated to be M = 1.3+2.5 −0.7 × 108M�. The maps for the kinematics and flux distributions of the emitting gas for NGC 2110 were obtained by fitting the H2 l2.1218μm and H I l2.1661μm emission-line profiles by Gauss-Hermite series. The H2 presents extended emission in the whole field of observation, while the Brg is extended only in the southeast northwest direction. The H2 emission is consistent with emission of gas excited by thermal processes, such as gas heated by X-rays from the AGN or shocks. We estimated an excitation temperature of � 2100−2700K for H2 emitting gas. The masses of molecular and ionized gas were estimated from fluxes of the H2 l2.1218 and Brg emission lines as MH2 � 1.4 × 103M� and MHII � 1.7 × 106M�, respectively. The gas velocity fields present a rotation pattern similar to those observed for the stars. In addition, the H2 velocity field presents other kinematic components. Two spiral structures are observed in blueshifts to the north of the nucleus and redshifts to the south of it. If these kinematic structures are originated from emission of gas located in the plane of the galaxy, they can be interpreted as gas flow towards the nucleus (inflow) of the galaxy along the spiral arms. In this case, the mass inflow rate is estimated to be � 4 × 10−4M� yr−1. Another kinematic component observed for H2 emitting gas was interpreted as ejection of gas from the nucleus (outflow) within a bi-cone with a mass outflow rate of � 4.66 × 10−4M� yr−1. / Neste trabalho, mapeamos bidimensionalmente a região central das galáxias ativas NGC 1068 e NGC 2110, a partir de observações no infravermelho próximo (IV) com o instrumento NIFS (Nearinfrared Integral Field Spectrograph) do telescópio Gemini Norte. Para NGC1068 apresentamos medidas da cinemática estelar a partir de ajustes das bandas de absorção do CO nas bandas H e K, com resolução espacial de ≈ 8 pc. Já para NGC 2110, a resolução espacial é ≈ 24pc e utilizamos as absorções do CO na banda K para obter a cinemática estelar. Realizamos também medidas da cinemática e distribuições de fluxos para o gás molecular e para o g´as ionizado, emissor de linhas na banda K. Os campos de velocidades estelar para as duas galáxias apresentam um padrão de rotação típico, sendo bem representados por um modelo cinemático no qual as estrelas descrevem órbitas circulares no plano do disco e estão sujeitas a um potencial de Plummer. A massa do buraco negro supermassivo (BNS) no centro de NGC 1068 foi estimada como sendo M = 4.3+6 −3 × 107M⊙ a partir da relação M −s?. Para NGC 2110, a massa do BNS foi estimada em M = 1.3+2.5 -0.7 × 108M⊙. Os mapas para as distribuições de fluxos e cinemática do gás para NGC 2110 foram obtidos por ajustes de séries de Gauss-Hermite aos perfis das linhas de emissão do H2 l2.1218μm e H I l2.1661μm (Brg). Observa-se emissão estentida para o H2 em todo o campo de observação, enquanto que a emissão de Brγ é estendida somente na direçãoo sudeste noroeste. A emissão H2 é consistente com emissão de gás excitado por processos térmicos, tais como choques ou aquecimento do gás por raios-X emitidos pelos AGNs (Active Galactic Nuclei). Estimamos uma temperatura de excitação entre 2100−2700K para o gás emissor de H2. Massas de gás ionizado e molecular foram estimadas a partir dos fluxos das linhas de emissão Brγ e H2 l2.1218 e valem MHII ≈ 1.7 × 106M⊙ e MH2 ≈ 1.4 × 103M⊙, respectivamente. Os campos de velocidades do gás apresentam um padrão de rotação típico, semelhante ao observado para as estrelas. Adicionalmente a este padrão de rotação observam-se diferentes componentes cinemáticas para o H2. São observadas duas estruturas em forma de espiral em blueshifts ao norte do núcleo e redshifts ao sul do mesmo. Assumindo que estas estruturas tem origem em emissão do gás no plano da galáxia elas podem ser interpretadas como escoamentos de gás em direção ao núcleo (inflows). Estimamos uma taxa de inflow de ≈ 4 × 10−4M⊙ ano−1. Outra componente cinemática observada para o H2 foi interpretada como ejeção de gás do núcleo (outflows) com uma taxa de ≈ 4.66 × 10−4M⊙ ano−1.

Il y a de plus en plus d'indications que les trous noirs super-massifs ont joué un rôle important dans l'évolution des galaxies, en particulier au moment de la formation des galaxies les plus massives à haut décalage spectral vers le rouge (z ~ 2 - 3). Nous nous sommes attachés à quantifier les effets sur le milieu interstellaire des galaxies hôtes que peuvent avoir les jets des radio-galaxies, d'une part, et les importantes luminosités bolometriques des quasars, d'autre part. Pour cela, nous avons étudié la cinématique du gaz ionisé dans 12 radio-galaxies modérément puissantes et dans 11 quasars (6 avec une détection en radio et 5 sans jet détectable) à grand décalage spectral vers le rouge avec le spectro-imageur proche infra-rouge SINFONI du VLT, qui nous donnait accès aux raies d'émission normalement sitées dans le domaine visible. Afin d'évaluer la capacité du NAG à stopper la formation d'étoiles, nous avons cherché des traces de leur rétroaction dans ces galaxies, comme de vents de gaz s'échappant de la galaxie hôte. Dans notre échantillon de radio-galaxies modérément puissantes, nous observons des dispersions de vitesse presque aussi importantes que dans les plus puissantes (avec une FWHM ~ 1000 km/s), mais les quantités de gaz ionisé observées y sont inférieures d'un ordre de grandeur (Mion gas ~ 10^8 - 10^9 Msun) et les gradients de vitesse sont plus faibles (Δv < 400 km/s), quand ils sont observés. Dans notre échantillon de quasars, nous devions d'abord soustraire la composante large des raies d'émission avant de pouvoir étudier leur composante étroite, celle susceptible d'être étendue spatialement. Nous détectons des régions d'émission véritablement étendue autour de quatre des six sources avec une détection en radio et autour d'une seule des cinq sans détection radio. Nous estimons qu'il y a moins de gaz ionisé dans ces sources que dans notre échantillon de radio-galaxies (avec Mion gas ~ 10^7 - 10^8 Msun) et la cinématique de ce gaz est aussi plus calme, similaire à ce qui est observé autour de certains quasars proches. Enfin, de nouvelles observations de deux radio-galaxies particulières nous ont révélé que l'une d'entre elles est entourée de quatorze galaxies-companions et qu'elle se trouve donc dans une partie sur-dense de l'Univers. Nous expliquons donc la morphologie inhabituelle du gaz ionisé présent autour de ces deux radio-galaxies par des cycles répétés d'activité du NAG, en analogie à ce qui est observé dans les amas de galaxies proches, qui sont d'excellents exemples de rétroaction du NAG dans l'Univers local. / There is growing evidence that supermassive black holes may play a crucial role for galaxy evolution, in particular during the formation of massive galaxies at high redshift (z ~ 2 - 3). Our work focuses on quantifying the effects of jets of radiogalaxies and of large bolometric luminosities of quasars on the interstellar gas in their host galaxies. To this end, we studied the kinematics of the ionized gas in 12 moderately powerful radio galaxies and 11 quasars (6 radio-loud and 5 radio-quiet) at high redshifts with rest-frame optical imaging spectroscopy obtained at the VLT with SINFONI. We searched for outflows and other signatures of feedback from the supermassive black holes in the centers of these galaxies to evaluate if the AGN may plausibly quench star formation. In our sample of moderately powerful radiogalaxies, we observe velocity dispersions nearly as large as those observed in the most powerful ones (with FWHM ~ 1000 km/s), but the quantity of ionized gas is decreased by one order of magnitude (Mion gas ~ 10^8 - 10^9 Msun) and velocity gradients tend to be less dramatic (Δv < 400 km/s), when they are observed. In our sample of quasars, we had to carefully subtract the broad spectral component of emission lines to have access to its narrow, and spatially extended, component. We detect truly extended emission line regions in 4/6 sources of our radio-loud subsample and in 1/5 source of our radio-quiet subsample. We estimate that masses of ionized gas in these sources are smaller than in our sample of high-redshift radiogalaxies (with Mion gas ~ 10^7 - 10^8 Msun) and kinematics tend to be more quiescent, akin to what is observed in local quasars. Finally, detailed observations of two outliers among our sample of high-redshift radiogalaxies revealed that one of them is closely surrounded by 14 companions galaxies, hence lying in an overdensity. We therefore interpret the presence and morphology of ionized gas around these galaxies as evidence for repeated cycles ouf AGN outbursts, akin to what can be observed in local clusters of galaxies, which are prime examples of AGN feedback in the nearby Universe.

There is growing evidence that supermassive black holes may play a crucial role for galaxy evolution, in particular during the formation of massive galaxies at high redshift (z ~ 2 - 3). Our work focuses on quantifying the effects of jets of radiogalaxies and of large bolometric luminosities of quasars on the interstellar gas in their host galaxies. To this end, we studied the kinematics of the ionized gas in 12 moderately powerful radio galaxies and 11 quasars (6 radio-loud and 5 radio-quiet) at high redshifts with rest-frame optical imaging spectroscopy obtained at the VLT with SINFONI. We searched for outflows and other signatures of feedback from the supermassive black holes in the centers of these galaxies to evaluate if the AGN may plausibly quench star formation. In our sample of moderately powerful radiogalaxies, we observe velocity dispersions nearly as large as those observed in the most powerful ones (with FWHM ~ 1000 km/s), but the quantity of ionized gas is decreased by one order of magnitude (Mion gas ~ 10^8 - 10^9 Msun) and velocity gradients tend to be less dramatic (Δv < 400 km/s), when they are observed. In our sample of quasars, we had to carefully subtract the broad spectral component of emission lines to have access to its narrow, and spatially extended, component. We detect truly extended emission line regions in 4/6 sources of our radio-loud subsample and in 1/5 source of our radio-quiet subsample. We estimate that masses of ionized gas in these sources are smaller than in our sample of high-redshift radiogalaxies (with Mion gas ~ 10^7 - 10^8 Msun) and kinematics tend to be more quiescent, akin to what is observed in local quasars. Finally, detailed observations of two outliers among our sample of high-redshift radiogalaxies revealed that one of them is closely surrounded by 14 companions galaxies, hence lying in an overdensity. We therefore interpret the presence and morphology of ionized gas around these galaxies as evidence for repeated cycles ouf AGN outbursts, akin to what can be observed in local clusters of galaxies, which are prime examples of AGN feedback in the nearby Universe.