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Nya typer av livsstilar och förändringar i samhällsutvecklingen har medfört att fler individer ser fördelar med att samnyttja ytor i bostaden och dela på tjänster och resurser. Efterfrågan på nya boendeformer som är anpassade till detta har ökat. Jag ställde mig frågan: Går befintliga bostäder att förändra utifrån dessa faktorer? Arbetet grundar sig i en förstudie bestående av en platsspecifik undersökning och en analys av byggda exempel på kollektiva boenden såsom bo- och byggemenskaper. Platsen för studien är ett flerbostadshus uppfört på 30-talet beläget i en central del av Göteborg. För att undersöka relationen mellan bruk och byggd miljö används teorier där det planeras för att tillåta frihet och flexibel användning. I gestaltningsförslaget undersöks förändringspotential för gemenskapsutrymmen exteriört och interiört genom metoden research by design för att besvara frågeställningarna: Hur kan vinden på Kjellbergsgatan 5 omgestaltas för att stödja flexibel användning och möjliggöra social interaktion bland de boende?                                Hur kan teorier om flexibel användning användas som verktyg vid omgestaltning av vinden på Kjellbergsgatan 5 för att svara till varierande användning över tid?

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The thesis investigates how a host country can apply ethics of hospitality to housing that allow refugees and asylum seekers spatial agency. The necessity of doing this is to reduce the passive state of being “guests” for refugees when they are waiting for answers of asylum application approval. The research comes from architect and artist Sandi Hillal’s theory that hosting is power and explores how architecture can amplify the notion of hospitality as a threshold between the refuge home and their sociopolitical agency in the public sphere. To do this the thesis investigates an unexplored Swedish typology called bokal, a combined word of bostad (residency) and lokal (premises). This is a live-work typology, with a spatial and legal justification. This grants the refugee a direct connection to financial, social, and therefore political context but as hosts and owners of the space, instead of guests. Therefore, it becomes relevant to explore. The typology has in past projects had some success in the in increasing community, economy, and political agency to the residents of that and most of all, the bokal owners as hosts, but it has always been a top-down controlled project so far which enables little right of the resident to reprogram the spaces which has made the bokal a further temporary function. Therefore, one main aspect is to maximize the potential of bottom up and user control of their own space to achieve spatial agency and empower the resident as host. The research investigates theories of hospitality, spatial agency, and live/work and compares it briefly to its historical and contemporary function to resist the modernist large scaled urban ideas and focus on a soft-city approach. It thereafter investigates the five case studies and connects elements and strategies back to the theoretical background to further identify and learn from bokal and live/work elements. The following discussion highlights the street, courtyard, adaptability, affordability, and community enhancing features that are explored in the following proposal. The proposal depends heavily on making the housing affordable. Therefore, factors of management and ownership tenancy contracts as well as the possibility of the module to grow over time is explored. In social terms the border condition of the bokal is crucial to address. The Swedish northern Swedish context due to the cold climate most of the year demands climate shelter, while the social possibility to connect neighbors require openness. Therefore, the project deals with balancing closed and openness as well. Finally, further sociopolitical aspects are addressed in neighborhood scale dealing with the transition from the home and public reach. The public sphere is crucial for the refugee immigrant to demand political agency, as well as reach economic opportunities. Therefore, the neighborhood strategies are partly complementary in scale to the dwellings, as well as closely developed based on the theoretical background of community establishment. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and reflects critically on the project development regarding the methods used and the limits of the bokal typology created in financial, social, and political terms and additionally in its limit of spatial agency to the user it does offer.

This thesis departs from previous research, attached as Appendix 1, which investigated how the management and perception of quarries has changed over time. It also addressed a more recent inquiry regarding the demand for a more open restorative approach that departs from the idea that landscapes should be restored to their original state. For the following thesis, this subject is brought into an even broader scale, where the wounds created are seen as symptoms of a greater concern; man's exploitation of the Earth. The thesis is conducted through a desk- based and action-based research and is initiated by giving an insight into humanity's impact on the Earth, referencing back to the mid 20th century. It explains the concepts The Great Acceleration and The Anthropocene, which have come to describe the era in which humanity operates and where the loss of biodiversity is greater than ever. In the search for potential solutions, or mitigations, the report then leads into the concept of rewilding, a concept that aims at the rehabilitation of nature, where man, with as little means as possible, assists nature to the extent that it can manage on its own. The research background is the followed by a discussion, which aims to answer the question of whether rewilding would be a suitable method for regenerating quarries and if so, how the implementation of such a concept could take place with the help of architects and other professions. Here, it is confirmed that rewilding is a suitable method to regenerate quarries, as it is considering nature whilst also reconsidering humanity’s part within it. Italso encourages the opportunities for education and cooperation between different fields and works across different scales, something that is also needed for quarries considering their unique properties and biodiversity. The discussion also acknowledges the two case studies included in the research, which show different ways of transforming quarries and which are both similar to rewilding. Yet, one them, Västra brottet on Gotland, is considered being the most similar. With inspiration from the research, the report ends with a design proposal which reconsiders a closed limestone quarry in Sweden. With rewilding as a point of departure, a number of experiments are carried out to test different approaches in the quarry. These tests are then evaluated more closely in a conclusion and self- reflection.

1954 in Sweden, an average was set. Research carried through by Hemmens forskningsinstitut and Byggstandardiseringen explained the Swedish inhibitors demands and wishes they had on their accommodation. God Bostad was the written attempt to describe this newly announced “Good Dwelling”. The text aimed to mention through which norms this dwelling’s qualities ought to be assessed. Several requirements were made. Through a combination of research through design, quantitative investigations and literature reviews, including the book “God Bostad” I have reviewed these requirements. My topic is you. It is also me, and everyone else living in Sweden. It is about our Swedish domesticity. By that I mean our homes and our life in our homes and every object, atmosphere, behaviour and arrangement connected to it. Swedish domesticity is a fact. It is verified the moment we go to look at a potential new home at an apartment viewing. We see it in IKEA commercials, staging Swedish life. Not to forget, we see it in building permits and therefore in our floorplans. All three documents describing an expected Swedish desire. This paper contains literature reviews on texts tackling how commercial agendas, politics and societal change decides how we are supposed to behave in our homes. It reflects on how the Swedish inhibitor is designed for consumption and Swedish behaviours. The Swedish behaviours and desires are explained in a dwelling type, fiction and materiality through the lense of Bygglov, IKEA and Visningar. What are the rules of Swedish architectural domesticity, with what techniques are they verified and what universal truth do they design for their users? I have tried to investigate if we have completely lost it. The Swedish standards are not only measurements but telling a story of who the Swedish inhibitor is.

The title of this thesis, looking beyond the economics, is a first way to define the problem that we have in our built environment. The research question, how can we create a more viable society with circular economy, is the start of the investigation. Hopefully finding answers to a more sustainable way of building. In a time of climate crisis, pandemics, war and an unstable world economy, the moment to start rethinking our way of living and building is here. Sustainability has become the most used word within the business sector, companies needs to take a position of how they can be more sustainable. The Ellen McArthur Foundation (Ellen McArthur Foundation) has based sustainability, or more stated as circular economy, on three principles; Eliminate waste and pollution. Circulate products and materials ( at their highest value). Regenerate nature. It is concise and easy to understand these goals, but a lot harder to convert it into reality within the building industry. Another way to understand circular economy is to divide them into the three areas of economical, ecological and social sustainability. The economics is already a value that of course can be counted in different ways, but the figures will always be there as a result, measurable. The ecological part is something that has been evaluated for some time now, the construction companies knows what materials that are renewable and also that it is something very diverse, depending on where they are situated, in a global context. The knowledge of how to build energy efficient buildings is reached, but the question if it is sustainable to build energy efficient still exists. Reuse and repurpose buildings, is relatevily new and it needs to be developed further. The ecological part is measurable, but maybe not as direct as the economics. The social aspect is to plan our built environment better, more accessible for all, and to integrate more. Creating social spaces where interaction can take place, with our neighbours, friends and also to find new contacts. By interacting more, the acceptance and appreciation of our differences grow. The social part needs to be measured through feelings, which makes it more complex to rate, especially when the same situation can be rated in different ways by different humans. Another way of measuring the social sustainability could be to look at the problems that can be avoided within this area. Like crime rates, bullying in school and psychological health in different areas of the city or country. This master thesis will look further into how we can create a circular economy within our dwelling cluster. How does it look like? What priorities needs to be made and why?

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As we move through the crowded city, we face tension in the form of overstimulation, stress, and anxiety. Our initial emotional response to our environment is often precognitive or nonconscious, and our biological responses occur before we have a chance to consciously reflect on our experience. We form our identity and become who we are based on the various environments we interact with. All our perceptions, emotions, feelings, thoughts, values, and actions are all influenced by our embodied transactions with our physical surroundings, social connections, and cultural traditions. Therefore, our ability to understand, create, and share meaning is not solely determined by the biological makeup of our brain and body, but just as much by how our environments are structured. The aim is to intuitively grasp the essence of human nature and its behavior, by approaching it in a way that is sensitive to the hidden biological and mental characteristics of space, form, and materiality; to create places and atmospheres that make us feel safe, comfortable, invigorated, and dignified. A form of constructed subliminal mental spaces; to provide a retreat of resonance that offers various experiences to provoke these feelings—a sequence from the tension of the city into a place of stillness.

Mining is a dynamic and fluid act that traverses a variety of scales, both in the spatial sense as well as the social and cultural sense. It is not simply an industry that requires the act of digging and excavating, but is rather a process and progression that has the capacity to create not only space, but also communities and the way in which they operate. Interestingly, the aspect of mining communities and the way in which they respond and operate, affects the space around them; thus, there is an interplay between the physical and material space of the mine and the intangible and immaterial aspects of the space and the community. Therefore, ideas around agency within both physical objects and intangible space will be explored. Additionally, mining is an industry that reflects capitalist and neoliberal globalised flows of production which means that they are essential within Capitalism and have strategic significance within planning and urban design on increasingly global scales. Therefore, mining landscapes have a distinct and unique urbanisation pattern that falls outside the discussion of mainstream urbanisation of dwelling discourse, which provides the foundations as to the importance of why spatial practitioners should explore these landscapes, and what insights they can provide in both architectural and anthropological aspects. With these ideas and theories, two case studies will be explored. One (Kiruna in Sweden) which reveals how a community can be made legitimate through mining its spatial articulation, and another (Barnsley in the United Kingdom) which shows how a community is in a state of decline and how this can be exasperated through the town’s spatial articulation, due to the decline of the mining industry. In other words, this paper explores the intersection between the spatial logic and the socio-cultural articulation of mining landscapes, specifically in two case studies: Kiruna in Sweden and Barnsley in the United Kingdom.