Transaction cost economics (TCE) theorists traditionally have classified transactions between firms as governed by either market or hierarchy. By assessing characteristics of the transaction - asset specificity, uncertainty, and frequency - firms choose the governance form which minimizes transaction costs, the costs of administering the business deal. During the 1980s, however, TCE has found itself unable to explain the proliferation of strategic alliances. These hybrid relationships seek the benefits of both markets and hierarchies, including quasi-integration, the control of assets without actual ownership. Further, hybrids tend to prefer trust-based relational contracting. TCE's acknowledgment of hybrids, however, raises other questions surrounding the behavioral assumptions which supposedly influence the transaction characteristic governance linkage. Various dissenting researchers have theorized that (1) trust is more dominant in business than opportunism (2) the behavioral assumptions actually function as variables in different contexts, and (3) trust offers an integration mechanism for behavioral variables.

We consider agent trading futures on a market with small transaction costs. Her capital is deposited on a money market account, where compounding is possible. Arithmetic Brownian motion with random coefficients is considered as a model for futures strike price. The coefficients are assumed to be bounded Itô processes with bounded coefficients. Under these assumptions, an almost optimal interval strategy is derived, which almost maximizes expected utility in certain stopping times under hyperbolic absolute risk aversion utility function. Furthermore, under logarithmic utility function the derived strategy almost maximizes expected utility in wide class of (integrable) stopping times.

There are new challenges, facing the 21st century and one of them is the discussion around climate change and global warming. This phenomenon brings with it a deeper problem, which is the fact that millions of people have their lives strongly damaged as a consequence of the climate changes. There is no international instrument that protects these climate victims, which in this thesis are referred to as environmental refuges. This thesis focused on trying to evaluate solutions to the problem of environmental refugees. To achieve this we first had a look at the different types of forced migration since it would define which type of solution would suit this type of refugees the best. We had a look at the "Oustees" which are the people who are forced to move due to development projects in the different countries. Then we had a look at Bangladesh as one of the case studies since it is one of the countries at higher risk of suffering the adverse consequences of climate change, which forces many people to move internally or to cross the border to India. We were able to conclude that cross border migration increases tensions between countries and between social groups of the receiving communities. Since these people need protection and since these types of tensions threaten peace and security in some...

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1959 T68

This dissertation studies two interesting business cycle issues. The first issue concerns the effectiveness of tax policies in stimulating an economic recovery. The second issue concerns the costs of business cycle fluctuations to an investor who chooses to invest in risky assets. The first essay evaluates the effectiveness of the "end of double tax" policy in stimulating an economic recovery by analyzing the transitional dynamics of the economy's aggregates toward the steady states. The effectiveness of this policy is compared with two alternative policies that reduce corporate income or personal income taxes. Although all of these tax policies are found to stimulate the economy's levels of output and investment, the "end of double taxation" appears to exert the most significant impact on the aggregate levels of these variables in the short run. Based on this finding, we claim that the "end of double taxation" is an effective policy for stimulating an economic recovery in the short-run. In a thought-provoking exercise Lucas (1987 and 2003) argues that the welfare costs of business cycles is negligible. The second essay follows up on this argument by incorporating prospect theory into the formulation of individual preferences. Prospect theory proposes that agents care about changes in their wealth level rather than the level of their final wealth, and individuals are also taken to be more sensitive to losses than gains in their financial wealth. According to the prospect theory, therefore, the agents take fluctuations in the asset returns seriously. Results from empirical tests find that an individual investor, on average, would give up2.58-9.49% of the average returns, she receives from investing in the risky asset, in order to eliminate all the fluctuations associated with her asset returns. This result is interpreted as an indication of much larger welfare costs than Lucas' estimates.

Tax aggressiveness generates significant cash savings and information asymmetry. Combining these two consequences of tax aggressiveness, I suggest that tax aggressiveness is associated with higher agency costs of free cash flows that affect investment decisions. Using the conditional investment efficiency model, I find evidence that tax aggressiveness is associated with more investments in firms with high access to investable funds, thus suggesting tax aggressiveness is associated with overinvestment. I also provide evidence that stronger tax monitoring and a change in tax disclosures mitigate the relation between tax aggressiveness and overinvestment. Lastly, I find that the overinvestment is associated with lower future abnormal returns. Thus, my results suggest that poor managerial investment decision making is an unintended consequence to tax aggressiveness. Additionally, I further the need for shareholders and board of directors to exert influence to avoid compensating managers for aggressive tax strategies.

The aim of my work is to evaluate the operation of the controlling model, the company created for the purpose of allocation of costs to revenues, respectively sales contracts, and to find possibilities for improvement. The reason is to evaluate these contracts from various aspects, namely profitability, cost intensive, contribution to overall profit, etc. A key element of the model are the rates determined by using calculations based on the individual activities. Therefore, work is currently focused on refining and possible reducing of calculated rates and also quantifying these changes through analysis. The aim is also to find more appropriate tools that would complete the existing calculation, and that management could use while managing the company. To ensure the effect on rates it has been especially suggested to change an approach to depreciation and labor costs. As the complement of the existing calculation was recommended using the variable costing and the target costing.

Master's Thesis is dealing with cost calculation in truck transport in view of smaller freight and spedition bussines firm which is operating on Czech territory. The main point is to break down cost calculation for all kinds of vehicles, which are owned by analysed firm, relative to the monitored period. Created cost calculation will serve to the employees by price setting for the transport services in future.

The main purpose of my work will be the introduction of factoring as a method of financing short-term loans. Factoring is the purchase of short-term receivables to maturity under the factoring agreement, which establishes the rights and obligations of the parties. Factoring is implemented in two basic ways, either to themselves factoring company transfers the risk of failure to pay debts (without the possibility of reverse recourse), or the risk is left to the original owner receivable (with the possibility of re-recourse). From the form of factoring is then derived its price, which consists of two components, the components of risk and administrative costs. Through factoring the original owner receivable obtains most of the nominal value of the claim immediately and these financial funds may be used freely. The aim of the work will assess the financial situation of Kasalova pila, Ltd., which to finance their debts began to use factoring services in 2009. The central focus will therefore be placed on the use of factoring, but since we take into account the opportunity costs to company from the fact that the part of the funds held in the form of receivables (receivables not progress to factoring), receivables financing options will be supplemented by the use of business credit. This loan will therefore cover the portion of receivables that will not be progressing to the factor, thus ensuring the possibility of any use of the funds that would otherwise be bound by the claims. Subsequently, the current status in society compared with other variants of the layout of finance receivables, which find that the opportunity for your company represent the least expensive form of this funding.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of financial support on farming in a chosen agricultural cooperative. In the theoretical part, the overall state of agriculture in the conditions of the Czech Republic, the current situation on the market with milk, beef and pork and the situation on the market with plant commodities were assessed.