The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of per pupil expenditure and high school size in public school corporations upon academic success in college. A random sampling of 196 students from the entering classes of 1963 and 1964 served as the study population. Sex of the student, rank in high school class and SAT verbal scores were used for comparative purposes. Per pupil expenditures and class rankings were converted to T scores in order to afford comparability in both areas.The statistical treatment involved computation of the Pearson product moment of correlation for every combination of variables and a stepwise regression analysis with grade point average as the dependent variable. The two null hypotheses and question number one were tested through this treatment. In order to answer questions involving the relationship of sub-groups within the sample population six other regression analyses were made. These involved subgroups determined by the number of quarters of college completed and by high and low ranking in class as determined by college grade point average. The two null hypotheses were as follows: 1. There is no significant correlation between the expenditure per pupil in public school and the academic success of their graduates as indicated by grade point average in college. 2. There is no significant correlation between the graduating class size in public high school and the academic success of their graduates as indicated by grade point average in college. The questions explored were as follows: 1. Is there a correlation between per pupil expenditure in public school corporations and graduating class size of high schools in these corporations? 2. Is per pupil expenditure or size of high school graduating class related to the number of years of college attended by a corporations graduates? 3. Are per pupil expenditure or graduating class size useful predictors of academic success for groups of students who have terminated their college education during their first year, their second year, third year, or at the completion of their fourth year of college? 4. Do either high school graduating class size or per pupil expenditure relate to the prediction of academic success when that group of students with the highest ranked grade point average and another group with the lowest ranked grade point average are considered separately? The first null hypothesis was rejected. Although the practical importance of the correlation was slight it was significant. The second null hypothesis was accepted. Question number one was answered affirmatively. The results obtained from investigation of other questions involving sub-groups were similar to the findings for the total group. Some of the conclusions were as follows: 1. There is no solid agreement by writers in the field of education as to what constitutes the ideal high school size. 2. Although the simple correlation of per pupil expenditure and college academic success is -.018, per pupil expenditure does add slight significant value in the prediction of academic success after high school rank and SAT verbal scores have been considered. 3. No significant correlation exists between high school graduating class size and academicsuccess in college. 7. Of the variables considered in this study, high school class rank is the best predictor of further academic success. 9. High school class size is not a determining factor in how long a student remains in college. 11. There are no marked differences between the results obtained when considering the effect of high school graduating class size and per pupil expenditure upon college academic success when computed using the entire study sample than when only the top fifty and the bottom fifty academically ranked college students are considered. 12. Class size is not a factor in the determination of how many quarters a student will complete in college.

This study investigates of the effect of nanoparticle volume fractions, NaCl concentration and pH on size of agglomerates, electrical conductivity and zeta potential of alumina nanofluids. The volume fractions used were 1, 2, 3 and 5 vol%. Different base fluids were prepared by adding NaCl (100, 300 and 500 ppm) or adjusting the pH (9, 7, 5 and 3). The results showed that the size of nanoparticle agglomerates was increased with an increase in nanoparticles concentration and NaCl concentration. Also, the electrical conductivity was increased with an increase in nanoparticle concentration and NaCl concentration. The size of nanoparticle agglomerates was 110 nm and the electrical conductivity was 290.2 μS/cm at pH 3 and 0 ppm, which was the highest value of electrical conductivity and smallest agglomerates nanoparticle size at 1 vol% with no salt. The highest value was 1830 μS/cm at pH 9 and 500 ppm of NaCl with 5 vol% of nanoparticles.

Osteological studies have identified scarring on the bone surface of the human pelvic bone as evidence of childbirth, termed parturition scarring. It remains unknown whether a single or multiple births cause parturition scarring. Such scarring has also been found on male pelvic bones. This study examines parturition scarring within the broader morphometric and musculoskeletal context of the pelves of both sexes. This project investigates the influence of body size (stature and body mass) and pelvic size (individual pelvic measurements and pelvic canal size) and shape (pelvic canal shape) on the presence of parturition scarring on the pelvic bones of females and males. Two skeletal collections of known-age and sex were chosen for this project on the basis of access to parity (childbirth) records: the Maxwell Museum Documented Skeletal Collection and the Christ Church, Spitalfields collection. The dimensions of articulated and disarticulated pelves, femoral measurements and scores for six types of parturition scarring were recorded for all individuals (n=292). Skeletal proxies for body mass and stature were calculated for all individuals. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify significant differences in parturition scarring between sexes, correlation between body size variables, parity status, pelvic canal size and pelvic canal shape (as represented by principal components analysis) and parturition scarring. Parity status and pelvic canal shape do not associate with parturition scarring. Pubic tubercle variables associated variously with femoral head diameter and pelvic canal size in females or males only. Dorsal pitting correlates weakly with four pelvic dimensions in females. The results of this study suggest that the term parturition scarring should be revised to reflect its non-connection with parity status and that future investigations should examine musculoskeletal interactions based on body and pelvic size variation that affect the presence of such scarring in males. / Graduate / 0327 / 0287 / decrausa@uvic.ca

This thesis is based on observations of the physical properties of wheat flour dough using ultrasonic measurements. Three frequency ranges were used in the study, low frequencies (near 40 kHz), intermediate frequencies (1 to 5 MHz, where bubble resonance effects are apparent), and high frequencies (near 20 MHz). Doughs mixed under different head space air pressures, from vacuum to atmospheric pressure, as well as under nitrogen, were studied at low frequency to investigate their relaxation behavior. Subsamples from ambient dough and vacuum dough displayed differences in the dependence of velocity and attenuation on time after compression, but no post mixing relaxation effect was apparent. A critical headspace pressure of approximately 0.16 atmospheres determined whether vacuum-like or ambient-like relaxation was observed. A peak in attenuation and changes in ultrasonic velocity were observed around the bubble resonance frequency, and these ultrasonic parameters changed substantially as a function of time. A bubble resonance model was used to interpret the results around the bubble resonance frequency, and bubble size distributions were estimated for ambient and vacuum dough from the ultrasonic data. For the high frequency range, a molecular relaxation model was used to interpret the results. Different fast relaxation times were observed for ambient dough (5 ns) and vacuum dough (1 ns). This relaxation time may be associated with conformational rearrangements in glutenin inside the dough matrix. These experiments have enabled dough relaxation to be probed over a very wide range of time scales (from ns to hours), and will lead to a better understanding of the role of dough matrix and gas cell effects on the physical properties of wheat flour doughs.

Farmers in Western Canada are continually assessing where to invest their next dollar. In considering a farm expansion and the machinery assets they need to match their current farm size or a possible expansion. This study attempts to find the optimal farm size by creating a farm budget model that maximizes profit over a range of different farm sizes. As farm size increases there is more risk that inclement weather will lengthen the time needed for crop operations. Previous studies have shown that both seeding and harvest operations have optimum time windows in which they should occur for best yield results. The results of this research showed that net mean profit was maximized around a 9,000 acre grain farm. For farm sizes above 9,000 acres losses associated with lack of field operation time could not be compensated by cropping additional acres.

Osteological studies have identified scarring on the bone surface of the human pelvic bone as evidence of childbirth, termed parturition scarring. It remains unknown whether a single or multiple births cause parturition scarring. Such scarring has also been found on male pelvic bones. This study examines parturition scarring within the broader morphometric and musculoskeletal context of the pelves of both sexes. This project investigates the influence of body size (stature and body mass) and pelvic size (individual pelvic measurements and pelvic canal size) and shape (pelvic canal shape) on the presence of parturition scarring on the pelvic bones of females and males. Two skeletal collections of known-age and sex were chosen for this project on the basis of access to parity (childbirth) records: the Maxwell Museum Documented Skeletal Collection and the Christ Church, Spitalfields collection. The dimensions of articulated and disarticulated pelves, femoral measurements and scores for six types of parturition scarring were recorded for all individuals (n=292). Skeletal proxies for body mass and stature were calculated for all individuals. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify significant differences in parturition scarring between sexes, correlation between body size variables, parity status, pelvic canal size and pelvic canal shape (as represented by principal components analysis) and parturition scarring. Parity status and pelvic canal shape do not associate with parturition scarring. Pubic tubercle variables associated variously with femoral head diameter and pelvic canal size in females or males only. Dorsal pitting correlates weakly with four pelvic dimensions in females. The results of this study suggest that the term ‘parturition scarring’ should be revised to reflect its non-connection with parity status and that future investigations should examine musculoskeletal interactions based on body and pelvic size variation that affect the presence of such scarring in males. / Graduate / 0327 / 0287 / decrausa@uvic.ca

No description available.

This thesis explores the practical use of kernel smoothing in three areas: binary regression, density estimation and Poisson regression sample size calculations. Both nonparametric and semiparametric binary regression estimators are examined in detail, and extended to two bandwidth cases. The asymptotic behaviour of these estimators is presented in a unified way, and the practical performance is assessed using a simulation experiment. It is shown that, when using the ideal bandwidth, the two bandwidth estimators often lead to dramatically improved estimation. These benefits are not reproduced, however, when two general bandwidth selection procedures described briefly in the literature are applied to the estimators in question. Only in certain circumstances does the two bandwidth estimator prove superior to the one bandwidth semiparametric estimator, and a simple rule-of-thumb based on robust scale estimation is suggested. The second part summarises and compares many different approaches to improving upon the standard kernel method for density estimation. These estimators all have asymptotically 'better' behaviour than the standard estimator, but a small-sample simulation experiment is used to examine which, if any, can give important practical benefits. Very simple bandwidth selection rules which rely on robust estimates of scale are then constructed for the most promising estimators. It is shown that a particular multiplicative bias-correcting estimator is in many cases superior to the standard estimator, both asymptotically and in practice using a data-dependent bandwidth. The final part shows how the sample size or power for Poisson regression can be calculated, using knowledge about the distribution of covariates. This knowledge is encapsulated in the moment generating function, and it is demonstrated that, in most circumstances, the use of the empirical moment generating function and related functions is superior to kernel smoothed estimates.

No description available.

No description available.