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The effective potential augments the classical potential with the quantum effects of virtual particles, and permits the study of spontaneous symmetry breaking. In contrast to the standard approach where the classical potential already leads to electroweak symmetry-breaking, the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism explores quantum corrections as the source of symmetry-breaking. This thesis explores extensions of the Coleman -Weinberg mechanism to the situations with more than one Higgs doublet. These multi-Higgs models have a long history , and occur most naturally in the Minimal Supersymmetric model. Mathematical foundations of the zeta function method will be developed and then applied to regularise the one-loop computation of the effective potentials in a model with two scalar fields.

Monahans Field of the Permian Basin in West Texas is a complex carbonate reservoir due to the lateral heterogeneity caused by facies changes throughout the Lower Guadalupian Glorieta Formation and the Upper Leonardian Upper Clearfork Formation. A facies model, porosity model, and a siltstone model were generated in Petrel to better characterize the Monahans Field reservoir. Interbedded impermeable siltstone beds in Monahans Field partition the reservoir making oil production and water injection difficult. The facies model indicates that during deposition, a tectonically uplifted area (island) influenced sedimentation and also shows that the Upper Clearfork Formation is mainly subtidal facies and the Glorieta Formation consists mainly of tidal flat facies. The porosity model shows the greatest porosity to be in the diagenetically altered supratidal deposits. The siltstone model identified siltstone barriers that prograded across the platform when sea level was low. 4th-order sequences occur within the larger 3rd-order sequence. The models identified multiple flow units in Monahans Field. Preferential injection of water within the reservoir compartments, horizontal drilling, and hydraulic fracture stimulation may all provide mechanisms to more efficiently sweep the remaining reserves from the reservoir.

The effective potential augments the classical potential with the quantum effects of virtual particles, and permits the study of spontaneous symmetry breaking. In contrast to the standard approach where the classical potential already leads to electroweak symmetry-breaking, the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism explores quantum corrections as the source of symmetry-breaking. This thesis explores extensions of the Coleman -Weinberg mechanism to the situations with more than one Higgs doublet. These multi-Higgs models have a long history , and occur most naturally in the Minimal Supersymmetric model. Mathematical foundations of the zeta function method will be developed and then applied to regularise the one-loop computation of the effective potentials in a model with two scalar fields.

The study uses the Phase-field method to simulate the bubble behavior of liquid-solid interface in the solidification.The flow use the mass equation,momentum equation,and energy equation for simulating the variation of bubble. This pattern considers that three-phase of solid, liquid,and gas coexist with the different density and viscosity coefficient,and the external force considers surface tension and the gravity force. In addition,the mass transfer also can¡¦t neglect around interface. The result discuss the production of pore when the velocity of solidification is fast,but bubble leaves when the velocity of solidification is slow.

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­^¤å´£­n¡G The nocturnes of Chopin¡¦s and Faure¡¦s are always considered as mainstay of the pianist¡¦s repertoire. However, The Irish composer, John Field, is really the originator of the genre. Actually, Field was an outstanding pianist who occupied an important position of the development of piano music and establishment of piano playing in his time. His cantilena style of piano playing influenced a lot the later pianists. The purpose of this study is to arouse a new interest in John Field and his nocturnes in particular, which have suffered neglect for a long time. A detail investigation establish the historical significance of the composer who invent the nocturne. This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One discusses the definition of Nocturne and the origin of piano nocturne in the early nineteenth century. The title was experimented with several other names before Field settled down Nocturne. The historical background includes the society of Europe at the time, the general musical environments in Europe during the period, the development of piano music and instrument itself, and musical life of John Field. Chapter Two is about creative processes and music style of Field¡¦s nocturnes. A stylistic analysis focus on forms, texture, accompanying patterns, melodies, rhythms, harmony, and poetic idea if detail discussed. Chapter Three were concentrated on the importance of Field¡¦s nocturnes. By quoting what musicians, historians and critics have said or written about the nocturnes of John Field. The influence of Field¡¦s nocturne were be investigated in this chapter. Through the comparison between Field¡¦s nocturnes and Chopin¡¦s nocturnes, one can find that Field¡¦s writing bring strong influence on the piano works of Chopin. Chapter Four concludes the study and discusses the influences on subsequent development of nocturnes in later nineteenth century. Through Chopin the nocturne hold its great artistic status, yet Field was the inventor of nocturne. He was the innovation to the piano music in the music history. Hopefully, this study will help the music students and music lovers understand Field¡¦s musical style and giving more authentic interpretation to Field¡¦s music.

This study examined the stratigraphic architecture, depositional and diagenetic histories, and resulting reservoir characteristics that have influenced the occurrence, distribution, and quality of flow units in the Diamond M field, Scurry County, Texas. The study area is located in the Midland Basin. The field has production from the Canyon (Pennsylvanian) Horseshoe Atoll carbonate buildup. Recent drilling in the Diamond M field was done to evaluate ways to improve recovery by water flooding. Classification of depositional texture based on detailed petrologic and petrographic studies on three cores was done. Subsequent genetic classification of pore types by thin section petrography revealed three dominant pore types: intramatrix, moldic, and vuggy. The reservoir was zoned according to dominant pore type and log signatures to evaluate correlations at field scale by using neutron logs. Equations determined from core analyses provided equations used for estimating porosity and permeability, which were used to develop a ranking scheme for reservoir quality based on good, intermediate, and poor flow units at field scale. Ultimately slice maps of reservoir quality at a 10 ft interval for a 150 ft section of the Canyon Reef reservoir were developed. These reservoir quality maps will provide a useful tool for the design and implementation of accurate and profitable development programs.

Abstract A naturally system is usually modeled as a causal system, in which the present output is determined by the past inputs. In contrast, the noncausal system is modeled by the future inputs in addition to the past inputs, and is also less explored. In this thesis, we apply the noncausal modeling to the image restoration for the blurred images corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise. We applied three methods for our image deblurring problem. The first method is exploiting the compound Gauss-Markov image model, which has been proven useful in image restoration. The image is restored in two steps iteratively: restoring the line field by the assumed image field and restoring the image field by the just computed line field. The second method is to apply the Kalman filter using the above the compound Gauss-Markov image model and the line field. The third method is to apply the Kalman filter without using the line field. Our experiments have shown the second method to be the best among the three methods.

With the escalating demands for optical communication network system, the need for broadband gain medium in optical communication has increased. Among them, Cr4+:YAG crystal has shown an exceptionally successful broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source that fully cover 1.2-1.6 £gm range (3-dB bandwidth up to 265 nm). More recently, we demonstrated the realization of a waveguiding, low-loss, and ultralow threshold Cr4+:YAG double-clad crystal fiber (DCF) based ultrabroadband ASE light source, optical amplifier, and laser grown by the codrawing laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. These results demonstrate the potential of the Cr4+:YAG DCF for the replacement of the erbium doped fiber in future optical communications. In this thesis, we focus on the correlation between the nanospectroscopy and nanostructure of the Cr:YAG DCF in order to further improve its device performance. For nanospectroscopic and nanostructural characterizations, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques have played key roles. In this thesis, we successfully prepared the HRTEM specimen of Cr:YAG DCF, which is heterostructure, ultrahard, but fragile. Here we show the first study on the nanospectroscopy and nanostructure of the nanocrystals in the inner cladding of Cr:YAG DCF by highly spatial resolved NSOM. The NSOM results were compared with those obtained by HRTEM. In addition, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between a YAG core and an inner cladding creates a significant localized strain field beneath the core, which can result in optical confinement and provide the possibility to simultaneously control the Cr3+ and Cr4+ fluorescence with systematically varied growth parameters. This new class of strain-tunable Cr:YAG DCF opens up new opportunity to improve the performance of the Cr:YAG DCF based ultrabroadband light source, optical amplifier, and crystal fiber laser in all-optic fiber communications.