Painéis sanduíche são largamente utilizadas em diversas aplicações de engenharia e o estudo de suas propriedades é fundamental para a ampliação de sua utilização. Neste trabalho, foram estudados painéis sanduíche com núcleo de poliuretano e faces de fibra de vidro fabricados pelo processo de laminação contínua. Na primeira configuração, as faces do painel foram fabricadas com manta de fibra de vidro e resina poliéster, com 39% de teor de vidro em massa e espessura de 1,9 mm. Na segunda configuração, as faces do painel foram fabricadas com tecido de fibra de vidro e resina poliéster, com 54% de teor de vidro em massa e espessura de 1,2 mm. Realizou-se o cálculo das propriedades mecânicas de cada compósito no programa MECH-Gcomp. As propriedades do núcleo foram retiradas, inicialmente, da literatura. Então, foi possível realizar a avaliação dos painéis pelo método dos elementos finitos utilizando elementos sólidos, comparando o comportamento dos dois tipos de painéis em relação aos carregamentos de compressão de núcleo, de compressão longitudinal e de flexão. Foram realizados ensaios nas faces isoladas e também nos painéis sanduíche completos. Para as faces, os ensaios foram de teor mássico de fibra de vidro, tração, compressão e cisalhamento Iosipescu, conforme as normas ASTM D5630, D3039/D3039M, D6641/D6641M e D7078/D7078M, respectivamente. Já para os painéis sanduíche, foram realizados os ensaios de compressão de núcleo, compressão longitudinal (edgewise) e cisalhamento do núcleo utilizando flexão, conforme as normas ASTM C365/C365M, C364/C364M e C393/C393M, respectivamente. Após os ensaios, foram calibrados os modelos do MEF, permitindo que os mesmos possam calcular outras configurações similares de painel sanduíche. Foi utilizado o programa Autodesk Simulation Composite Design para realizar a validação do ensaio de cisalhamento do núcleo. Concluiu-se que a análise de elementos finitos foi confiável em representar de forma realista o comportamento dos painéis sanduíche e a redução na espessura das faces do painel pode ser compensada com o aumento da sua resistência mecânica e rigidez por meio do aumento no teor mássico de reforço e trabalhando com a orientação do mesmo. / Sandwich panels are widely used in a variety of engineering applications and the study of their properties is fundamental for the expansion of their use. In this work, we studied sandwich panels with polyurethane core and fiberglass faces manufactured by the continuous lamination process. In the first configuration, the panel faces were made of fiberglass and polyester resin, with 39% glass content by mass and 1.9 mm thickness. In the second configuration, the panel faces were fabricated from fiberglass fabric and polyester resin, with 54% glass content by mass and 1.2 mm thickness. The mechanical properties of each composite were calculated in the MECH-Gcomp software. The properties of the core were initially taken from the literature. Then, it was possible to evaluate the panels by the finite element method using solid elements, comparing the behavior of the two types of panels in relation to the core compression loads, edgewise compression and bending. Tests were performed on the faces and also on the complete sandwich panels. For the faces, the tests were fiberglass mass content, tensile, compression and Iosipescu shear, according to ASTM D5630, D3039/D3039M, D6641/D6641M and D7078/D7078M, respectively. For sandwich panels, core compression, edgewise compression and core shear using bending tests were performed according to ASTM C365/C365M, C364/C364M and C393/C393M, respectively. After the tests, the FEM models were calibrated, allowing them to calculate other similar sandwich panel configurations. It was used Autodesk Simulation Composite Design software to validate the core shear test. It was concluded that the analysis of finite elements was reliable in realistically representing the behavior of the sandwich panels and the reduction in the thickness of the panel faces can be compensated with the increase of its mechanical resistance and stiffness by increasing the mass content of reinforcement and working with the orientation of the same.

Metal implants are a type of hard tissue replacement currently used. Metals used for implants include: stainless steel, titanium, chrome, and cobalt alloys. Such implants often fail at the interface with bone. Metal implants fail when the surface of the implant is coated with an osteoconductive material. An osteoconductive material provides scaffolding for cellular migration, cellular attachment, and cellular distribution. A reason for metal implant failure could be the vastly different material properties than bone. Motivation for the research was to find a suitable bone substitute other than metal. Materials considered were: zirconia toughened alumina, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, and glass fiber reinforced epoxy. Those materials have been used in previous biological applications and can be cast into complex configurations. Objectives of the study were to compare material properties of the composites to bone. A method to create porosity was then tested in the material that was similar to bone in critical material property. Some of the materials were statistically similar to bone in yield strength. Method to create interconnected porosity in those materials resulted in 49% void space.

Glass fiber reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate), GF/PET has excellent potential for future structural applications of composite materials. PET as a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyester has high wear resistance, low coefficient of friction, high flexural modulus and superior dimensional stability make it a versatile material for designing mechanical and electromechanical parts. Glass fibers are currently used as strength giving material in structural composites because of their high strength and high performance capabilities. In order to obtain high interfacial adhesion between glass fiber and polymer, glass fibers are treated with silane coupling agents. The objective of this study is to produce GF/PET composites with varying glass fiber concentration at constant process parameters in a twin screw extruder. Also, by keeping GF content constant, it is aimed to observe the effects of process parameters such as screw speed and feed rate on structural properties of the composites. Another objective of the study is to investigate the influence of different coupling agents on the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties and on fiber length distributions of the composites. Tensile strength and tensile moduli of the GF/PET composites increased with increasing GF loading. There was not a direct relation between strain at break values and GF content. The interfacial adhesion between glass fiber received from the manufacturer and PET was good as observed in the SEM photograps. Degree of crystallinity values increased with the addition of GF. Increasing the screw speed did not affect the tensile strength of the material significantly. While increasing the feed rate the tensile strength decreased. The coupling agent, 3-APME which has less effective functional groups than the others showed poor adhesion between glass fiber and PET. Therefore, lower tensile properties were obtained for the composite with 3-APME than those of other silane coupling agents treated composites. Number average fiber length values were reduced to approximately 300&amp / #61549 / m for almost all composites prepared in this study.

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier le comportement de l'endommagement des matériaux composites sous chargement statique et fatigue par contrôle non destructif (C.N.D) thermographie et soutenu par émission acoustique et la tomographie (CT scan). Pour cela, ce unidirectionnels composite à fibres de verre (GFRP) et discontinue composite à fibres de carbone (DCFC) ont été utilisés comme les éprouvettes qui ont fourni par PSA peugeot citröen, France. Une série d'essais mécaniques a été réalisée pour déterminer le comportement de l'endommagement sous chargement statique et fatigue. Pendant tout des essais mécanique, la thermographie a été utilisé pour l'observation en temps réel pour suivre l'évolution des températures sur la surface de l'éprouvette et supporté par émission acoustique dans certaines conditions. Cette étude a utilisé une forme rectangulaire et se compose d'éprouvettes trouées et non trouées au centre de l'éprouvette. La vitesse de déplacement constante est appliquée pour observer l'effet sur le comportement de l'endommagement sous chargement de traction statique. Sous les essais de fatigue, le paramètre constant de la fréquence et de l'amplitude de stress a été étudiée pour chaque niveau de charge pour avoir les propriétés de fatigue et l'évolution de l'endommagement de l'éprouvette. La tomographie a été utilisée pour confirmer l'apparition de l'endommagement et l'etat du matériau après l'essai de fatigue. L'analyse des résultats de l'expérimentation et de l'observation NDT montré le bon accord entre les résultats mechnical et NDT thermographie avec prise en charge par l'observation de l'émission acoustique en détecter l'apparition et la propagation de l'endommagement de GFRP PRV et DCFC sous chargement de statique en traction. Les essais en fatigue montrent que la dissipation thermique est liée à l'évolution de l'endommagement et également thermographie et peut être utilisé avec succès pour déterminer la limite d'endurance (HCFS) et la courbe de Wöhler du matériau composite. Les résultats par CT scan ont mesurée avec succès les endommagements et l'état du matériau après essai de fatigue du matériau composite. / The aim of this study is to investigate the damage behaviour of composite material in static and fatigue condition with non destructive testing (NDT) thermography method and supported by acoustic emission and also computed tomography (CT) scan. Thermography and acoustic emission are used in real-time monitoring techniques during the test. On the other hand, NDT observation of tomography is used for a post-failure analysis. In order to achive this, continuous glass fiber composite (GFRP) and discontinuous carbon fiber composite (DCFC) have been used as the test specimens which supplied by PSA Company, France. A series of mechanical testing was carried out to determine the damage behaviour under static and fatigue loading. During all the mechanical testing, thermography was used in real-time observation to follow the temperature change on specimen surface and supported by acoustic emission in certain condition. This study used rectangular shape and consist of specimen with and without circular notches (hole) at the center. The constant displacement rate is applied to observe the effect on damage behaviour under tensile static loading. Under fatigue testing, the constant parameter of frequency and amplitude of stress was explored for each load level to have the fatigue properties and damage evolution of specimen. The tomography was used to confirm the appearance of damage and material condition after fatigue testing. The analysis from the experiment results and NDT observation shown the good agreement between mechnical results and NDT thermography with supported by acoustic emission observation in detect the appearance and propagation of damage for GFRP and DCFC under static loading. Fatigue testing shows that thermal dissipation is related to the damage evolution and also thermography and can be successfully used to determine high cycle fatigue strength (HCFS) and S-N curve of fiber composite material. From post failure analysis, CT scan analysis successfully measured and evaluated damage and material condition after fatigue test for fiber composite material. v

Painéis sanduíche são largamente utilizadas em diversas aplicações de engenharia e o estudo de suas propriedades é fundamental para a ampliação de sua utilização. Neste trabalho, foram estudados painéis sanduíche com núcleo de poliuretano e faces de fibra de vidro fabricados pelo processo de laminação contínua. Na primeira configuração, as faces do painel foram fabricadas com manta de fibra de vidro e resina poliéster, com 39% de teor de vidro em massa e espessura de 1,9 mm. Na segunda configuração, as faces do painel foram fabricadas com tecido de fibra de vidro e resina poliéster, com 54% de teor de vidro em massa e espessura de 1,2 mm. Realizou-se o cálculo das propriedades mecânicas de cada compósito no programa MECH-Gcomp. As propriedades do núcleo foram retiradas, inicialmente, da literatura. Então, foi possível realizar a avaliação dos painéis pelo método dos elementos finitos utilizando elementos sólidos, comparando o comportamento dos dois tipos de painéis em relação aos carregamentos de compressão de núcleo, de compressão longitudinal e de flexão. Foram realizados ensaios nas faces isoladas e também nos painéis sanduíche completos. Para as faces, os ensaios foram de teor mássico de fibra de vidro, tração, compressão e cisalhamento Iosipescu, conforme as normas ASTM D5630, D3039/D3039M, D6641/D6641M e D7078/D7078M, respectivamente. Já para os painéis sanduíche, foram realizados os ensaios de compressão de núcleo, compressão longitudinal (edgewise) e cisalhamento do núcleo utilizando flexão, conforme as normas ASTM C365/C365M, C364/C364M e C393/C393M, respectivamente. Após os ensaios, foram calibrados os modelos do MEF, permitindo que os mesmos possam calcular outras configurações similares de painel sanduíche. Foi utilizado o programa Autodesk Simulation Composite Design para realizar a validação do ensaio de cisalhamento do núcleo. Concluiu-se que a análise de elementos finitos foi confiável em representar de forma realista o comportamento dos painéis sanduíche e a redução na espessura das faces do painel pode ser compensada com o aumento da sua resistência mecânica e rigidez por meio do aumento no teor mássico de reforço e trabalhando com a orientação do mesmo. / Sandwich panels are widely used in a variety of engineering applications and the study of their properties is fundamental for the expansion of their use. In this work, we studied sandwich panels with polyurethane core and fiberglass faces manufactured by the continuous lamination process. In the first configuration, the panel faces were made of fiberglass and polyester resin, with 39% glass content by mass and 1.9 mm thickness. In the second configuration, the panel faces were fabricated from fiberglass fabric and polyester resin, with 54% glass content by mass and 1.2 mm thickness. The mechanical properties of each composite were calculated in the MECH-Gcomp software. The properties of the core were initially taken from the literature. Then, it was possible to evaluate the panels by the finite element method using solid elements, comparing the behavior of the two types of panels in relation to the core compression loads, edgewise compression and bending. Tests were performed on the faces and also on the complete sandwich panels. For the faces, the tests were fiberglass mass content, tensile, compression and Iosipescu shear, according to ASTM D5630, D3039/D3039M, D6641/D6641M and D7078/D7078M, respectively. For sandwich panels, core compression, edgewise compression and core shear using bending tests were performed according to ASTM C365/C365M, C364/C364M and C393/C393M, respectively. After the tests, the FEM models were calibrated, allowing them to calculate other similar sandwich panel configurations. It was used Autodesk Simulation Composite Design software to validate the core shear test. It was concluded that the analysis of finite elements was reliable in realistically representing the behavior of the sandwich panels and the reduction in the thickness of the panel faces can be compensated with the increase of its mechanical resistance and stiffness by increasing the mass content of reinforcement and working with the orientation of the same.

Painéis sanduíche são largamente utilizadas em diversas aplicações de engenharia e o estudo de suas propriedades é fundamental para a ampliação de sua utilização. Neste trabalho, foram estudados painéis sanduíche com núcleo de poliuretano e faces de fibra de vidro fabricados pelo processo de laminação contínua. Na primeira configuração, as faces do painel foram fabricadas com manta de fibra de vidro e resina poliéster, com 39% de teor de vidro em massa e espessura de 1,9 mm. Na segunda configuração, as faces do painel foram fabricadas com tecido de fibra de vidro e resina poliéster, com 54% de teor de vidro em massa e espessura de 1,2 mm. Realizou-se o cálculo das propriedades mecânicas de cada compósito no programa MECH-Gcomp. As propriedades do núcleo foram retiradas, inicialmente, da literatura. Então, foi possível realizar a avaliação dos painéis pelo método dos elementos finitos utilizando elementos sólidos, comparando o comportamento dos dois tipos de painéis em relação aos carregamentos de compressão de núcleo, de compressão longitudinal e de flexão. Foram realizados ensaios nas faces isoladas e também nos painéis sanduíche completos. Para as faces, os ensaios foram de teor mássico de fibra de vidro, tração, compressão e cisalhamento Iosipescu, conforme as normas ASTM D5630, D3039/D3039M, D6641/D6641M e D7078/D7078M, respectivamente. Já para os painéis sanduíche, foram realizados os ensaios de compressão de núcleo, compressão longitudinal (edgewise) e cisalhamento do núcleo utilizando flexão, conforme as normas ASTM C365/C365M, C364/C364M e C393/C393M, respectivamente. Após os ensaios, foram calibrados os modelos do MEF, permitindo que os mesmos possam calcular outras configurações similares de painel sanduíche. Foi utilizado o programa Autodesk Simulation Composite Design para realizar a validação do ensaio de cisalhamento do núcleo. Concluiu-se que a análise de elementos finitos foi confiável em representar de forma realista o comportamento dos painéis sanduíche e a redução na espessura das faces do painel pode ser compensada com o aumento da sua resistência mecânica e rigidez por meio do aumento no teor mássico de reforço e trabalhando com a orientação do mesmo. / Sandwich panels are widely used in a variety of engineering applications and the study of their properties is fundamental for the expansion of their use. In this work, we studied sandwich panels with polyurethane core and fiberglass faces manufactured by the continuous lamination process. In the first configuration, the panel faces were made of fiberglass and polyester resin, with 39% glass content by mass and 1.9 mm thickness. In the second configuration, the panel faces were fabricated from fiberglass fabric and polyester resin, with 54% glass content by mass and 1.2 mm thickness. The mechanical properties of each composite were calculated in the MECH-Gcomp software. The properties of the core were initially taken from the literature. Then, it was possible to evaluate the panels by the finite element method using solid elements, comparing the behavior of the two types of panels in relation to the core compression loads, edgewise compression and bending. Tests were performed on the faces and also on the complete sandwich panels. For the faces, the tests were fiberglass mass content, tensile, compression and Iosipescu shear, according to ASTM D5630, D3039/D3039M, D6641/D6641M and D7078/D7078M, respectively. For sandwich panels, core compression, edgewise compression and core shear using bending tests were performed according to ASTM C365/C365M, C364/C364M and C393/C393M, respectively. After the tests, the FEM models were calibrated, allowing them to calculate other similar sandwich panel configurations. It was used Autodesk Simulation Composite Design software to validate the core shear test. It was concluded that the analysis of finite elements was reliable in realistically representing the behavior of the sandwich panels and the reduction in the thickness of the panel faces can be compensated with the increase of its mechanical resistance and stiffness by increasing the mass content of reinforcement and working with the orientation of the same.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-11T14:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Amanda Vessoni Barbosa Kasuya - 2014.pdf: 13166276 bytes, checksum: 2a9882d9dde3023a4b111a57f4aaf343 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-18T11:14:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Amanda Vessoni Barbosa Kasuya - 2014.pdf: 13166276 bytes, checksum: 2a9882d9dde3023a4b111a57f4aaf343 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T11:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Amanda Vessoni Barbosa Kasuya - 2014.pdf: 13166276 bytes, checksum: 2a9882d9dde3023a4b111a57f4aaf343 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study was to analyze the stress distribution and fracture resistance of personalized posts made of an experimental composite, created by mixing short (3 mm) glass fiber with methacrylate matrix and filler particles and also, to compare personalized post to industrialized and anatomic ones. Four FEA models were created according to the restorative techniques: (FG) teeth restored with industrialized fiber post; (FG+RC) teeth restored with anatomic fiber post reline with resin; (FG+EXP) teeth restored with anatomic fiber post reline with experimental composite; (EXP) teeth restored with personalized post made of experimental composite. σvM and σmax criteria were determinated for stress assessment and specific regions were quantitative analyzed (post/dentin interface, core/dentin interface and post median longitudinal line for σvM, and buccal dentin and palatal dentin for σmax). Forty bovine incisors were divided in the same four groups (N=10). After being post-restored specimens were subjected to compressive-load (Intron 5965) at a 135-degree angle, applied by a 6mm-sphere tip. Failure modes was determined as it follows: (F1) core fracture; (F2) post fracture; (F3) root fracture; (F4) post/core/root set fracture. Stress mesurements and fracture resistance data were submitted to one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=.05). Failure mode were submitted to Kruskal Wallis (α=.05). EXP group showed more homogeneous stress distribution. Significant differences were found among the mean fracture resistance values (p=.000): FG+EXP(669.55±107.71)A; FG(620.72±59.29)A; EXP(506.54±27.07)B; FG+RC(452.75±81.63)B. No differences were found for failure mode (p=.595). The experimental composite significantly increases fracture resistance when used to reline industrialized fiber posts, and irrespenctive of its use, presented a lower σvM stress concentration in FEA models. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a distribuição de tensões e resistência à fratura de pinos experimentais criados pela mistura de fibra de vidro curtas (3mm) com uma matriz de metacrilato e partículas de carga e comparará-los com pinos de fibra de vidro industrializados e anatomizados. Quatro modelos elementos finitos (MEF) foram criados de acordo com as técnicas restauradoras: (FG) dentes restaurados com pino de fibra industrializado; (FG+RC) dentes restaurados com pino de fibra reembasados com resina ; (FG+EXP) dentes restaurados com pino de fibra anatômico reembasados com compósito experimental; (EXP) dentes restaurados com pinos personalizado feito com compósito experimental. Critérios de σvM e σmax foram determinados para a avaliação da distribuição de tensões e análises quantitativas foram feitas de regiões específicas (interface pino/dentina, interface núcleo/dentina, linha média longitudinal do pino para Já para o critério de máxima principal, duas regiões de cada modelos foram escolhidas para σvM; e dentina vestibular e dentina palatina para σmax). Quarenta incisivos bovinos foram divididos nos mesmos quatro grupos (N=10). Após restaurados com os pinos, os espécimes foram submetidos à carga de compressão em máquina de ensaios universais (Instron 5965) em um ângulo de 135 graus e velocidade constante de 0,5mm/min, aplicado na região palatina dos núcleos por uma ponta esférica de 6 mm de diâmetro. Os espécimes fraturados foram avaliados para determinar os padrões de fratura (F1- fratura do núcleo de preenchimento; F2- fratura do pino; F3-fratura da raiz; F4- fratura do conjunto pino/núcleo/raiz). Medições de tensão e dados de resistência à fratura foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA one-way , seguido pelo teste de Tukey-HSD (α=0,05). Os padrões de fratura foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal Wallis (α=0,05). EXP demostrou distribuição de tensões mais homogênea. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os valores médios de resistência da fratura (p=0,00): FG+EXP (669,55±107,71)A; FG (620,72±59,29)A; EXP (506,54±27,07)B; FG+RC (452,75±81,63)B. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre o padrão de fratura (p=0,595). O composto experimental aumentou significativamente a resistência à fratura quando usado para reembasar pinos de fibra de vidro industrializados, e independentemente da sua utilização, apresentou menor concentração de tensões σvM.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-20T11:52:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isabella Negro Favarão - 2014.pdf: 1147871 bytes, checksum: 0e08616a9e1bff5fb2e39258564e5493 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-20T11:53:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isabella Negro Favarão - 2014.pdf: 1147871 bytes, checksum: 0e08616a9e1bff5fb2e39258564e5493 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T11:53:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isabella Negro Favarão - 2014.pdf: 1147871 bytes, checksum: 0e08616a9e1bff5fb2e39258564e5493 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanical properties (Flexural strength, Diametral tensile strength, Knoop hardness, Young`s modulus, and Poisson's ratio) of a new experimental composite reinforced with glass fiber, and evaluate the fracture resistance and failure mode of bovine roots post-restored with a new experimental composite produce in direct or indirect (laboratory) mode and compare them with prefabricated fiber glass posts. Experimental composite specimens (22.5% resin, 30% 3mm-short silanized glass fibers, and 47.5% of filler particles) were prepared and tested in a universal testing machine according to the particular methodology of each test, scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed on samples fractured in bending test. Thirty endodontically treated bovine roots were divided into 3 groups (n = 10): PFP: prefabricated fiber glass posts EXP-DIR: posts made of experimental material directly polymerised into the root canal EXP-IND: posts made of experimental material indirectly polymerised. Specimens were subjected to compression load (0.5 mm/min), maximum load recorded in Newton, and fracture ranked as the failure mode. Descriptive analyzes showed averages: 259.91 ± 26.01 MPa (Flexural strength); 31.05 ± 2.97 MPa (Diametral Tensile strength); 135.6 ± 24.8 KHN (Knoop Hardness), 5.6 ± 0.95 GPa (Young`s modulus), 0.34 ± 0.02 (Poisson's ratio). ANOVA and Tukey analyzes showed statistical difference for fracture resistance (p <0.05): PFP (620.72 ± 59.29)A, EXP-IND (506.54 ± 27.07)B, EXP-DIR (157.76 ± 32.34)C. The developed composite showed appropriate mechanical properties and feasibility for production of intracanal posts, however dependent on the method of production, being the indirect method the best. / O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as propriedades mecânicas (Resistência à Flexão, Resistência à Tração Diametral, Dureza Knoop, Módulo de Elasticidade, e Coeficiente de Poisson) de um novo compósito experimental reforçado com fibra de vidro polimerizado de maneira convencional, e avaliar a resistência e padrão de fratura de raízes de incisivos bovinos restauradas com pinos confeccionados com o novo compósito experimental de maneira direta ou indireta (laboratorial) e compará-las com pinos de fibra de vidro pré-fabricados. Amostras do compósito experimental (22,5% de resina, 30% de fibra de vidro curta silanizada (3mm), e 47,5% de partículas de carga) foram confeccionadas e testadas em máquina de ensaio universal de acordo com a metodologia específica de cada teste; análise em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura foi realizada nas amostras fraturadas no teste de flexão. Trinta raízes bovinas tratadas endodonticamente foram distribuídas em 3 grupos (n=10): PFP: pino de fibra de vidro pré-fabricado; EXP-DIR: pino de fibra de vidro confeccionado com material experimental polimerizado de forma direta no canal radicular; EXP-IND: pino de fibra de vidro confeccionado com o material experimental polimerizado de forma indireta. Os espécimes foram submetidos à carga compressiva (0,5 mm/min), carga máxima registrada em Newton, e classificados quanto ao padrão de fratura. Análises descritivas demonstraram médias: 259,91±26,01 MPa (Resistência Flexural); 31,05±2,97 MPa (Tração Diametral); 135,6±24,8 KHN (Dureza Knoop); 5,6±0,95 GPa (Módulo de Elasticidade); 0,34±0,02 (Coeficiente de Poisson). Análises com ANOVA e Tukey demonstraram diferença estatística (p<0,05) para o teste de resistência à fratura: PFP (620,72±59,29)A, EXP-IND (506,54±27,07)B, EXP-DIR (157,76±32,34)C. O compósito experimental desenvolvido demonstrou propriedades mecânicas adequadas e viabilidade para à confecção de retentores intrarradiculares, entretanto dependente do método de confecção, sendo a confecção indireta o melhor método.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Gustavo Franco Pires de Campos.pdf: 3060300 bytes, checksum: 491129f848abfe60e92fd3a4578bbe65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / Aluminum and plastic composites used in the automotive industry is a reality and increases in new projects. Materials and components are responsible for the most part of vehicle costs and the materials mix is changing continually due to light-weight solutions to reduce vehicle costs and weight. Aluminum and plastics composites are responsible for these solutions. The literature information about materials micro-structures and properties are shown apart. This report presents a complete review on aluminum and aluminum alloy, zinc and zinc alloy, polyamide, fibers and plastic composites, focuses on micro-structure and properties comparison between aluminum alloy, zinc alloy and glass fiber reinforced polyamide. / O uso de alumínio e compósitos termoplásticos na indústria automobilística é uma realidade e aumenta gradativamente a cada novo projeto. Os materiais e a sua conversão para componentes são os responsáveis por grande parte do custo de um veículo e a variedade de materiais muda continuamente, devido à eterna busca por soluções mais leves que possam gerar redução de custo e de peso nos veículos. O alumínio e os compósitos termoplásticos são os grandes responsáveis por estas soluções. A literatura aborda, de uma maneira geral, informações sobre microestrutura e propriedades dos materiais, porém separadamente. O presente trabalho apresenta uma ampla revisão bibliográfica a respeito do alumínio e suas ligas, zinco e suas ligas, poliamida, fibras e compósitos termoplásticos, tendo como objetivo estabelecer uma comparação da microestrutura e das propriedades entre ligas de alumínio, ligas de zinco e poliamida reforçada com fibra de vidro.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo da eficiência de diferentes geossintéticos no reforço de base de pavimentos de obras viárias com ensaios de arrancamento de pequeno porte. Utilizou-se geogrelhas de polipropileno, poliéster e de fibra de vidro e geotêxtil tecido de polipropileno. Um solo com 58% de argila (subleito) e um pedregulho areno-siltoso (camada de base) foram empregados. Os ensaios de arrancamento foram executados com diferentes combinações entre solos e geossintéticos. Nestes foi utilizado um novo sistema de medida direta de deslocamentos ao longo da inclusão com sensores óticos a laser. Além de analisar os resultados com curvas força de arrancamento x deslocamentos, foi possível utilizar gráficos rigidez x deformação para determinar o melhor geossintético no reforço de base de pavimentos. Como o corpo-de-prova de geossintético é de tamanho reduzido, garante-se a mobilização completa do reforço durante o ensaio de arrancamento e assim, é possível obter a deformação do mesmo. A abertura frontal da caixa de arrancamento tem influência no valor da força máxima ao arrancamento registrada no ensaio. Os resultados mostram que a interação solo-reforço é mais importante que a rigidez não-confinada do geossintético no comportamento do material em situação de confinamento no interior do maciço de solo. Observou-se que a resistência de junta, a geometria e o agulhamento da geogrelha, além da granulometria do solo, afetam a rigidez inicial do sistema. A melhor opção para os solos e geossintéticos estudados segue a seguinte ordem: (1) geogrelha de polipropileno, (2) geogrelha de poliéster, (3) geotêxtil tecido de polipropileno e (4) geogrelha de fibra de vidro. / This work presents an evaluation of various geosynthetics efficiency in reinforced base course of road pavements using small scale pullout tests. It was used polypropylene, polyester and glass fiber geogrids and polypropylene woven geotextile. A soil with 58% of clay (subgrade), and a sandy-silty gravel (base course) were used. The pullout tests were conducted with different combinations among soils and geosynthetics. In these tests, a new system of direct measurement of inclusion displacements with laser optical sensors was used. Beyond analyzing the results with curves pullout force x displacements, it was possible to use graphics rigidity x deformation in order to determinate the best geosynthetic in base course reinforcement. As the geosynthetic specimen is of small size, the complete mobilization of the reinforcement is guaranteed and, therefore, it is possible to obtain its deformation. The frontal aperture of the pullout box influences the maximum pullout resistance. The results show that the soil-reinforcement interaction is more important than the unconfined rigidity of the geosynthetic on the material behavior in confinement situation inside the soil block. The joint resistance, the geogrid geometry and its nailing, besides the soil particles size, affect the initial system rigidity. Therefore, they are important for base course reinforcement of road pavements. The results showed that the best option for the soils and geosynthetics studied are in the following order: (1) polypropylene geogrid, (2) polyester geogrid, (3) polypropylene woven geotextile and (4) glass fiber geogrid.