Microbial pollution of water is one of the principal causes of life-threatening diarrheal diseases in the developing world. Ultraviolet (UV) light is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative for the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater in developed countries, but its feasibility in low-income areas has to be assessed further. The rural community of Cerro Grande, in Bolivia, has been hit by outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases, so two UV-based disinfection systems were implemented there. One of them was a fabricated unit, with materials available locally, whereas the other was a commercially-available unit. The fabricated unit was validated following USEPA procedures and was modeled using computational fluid dynamics. It was observed that a UV-based disinfection system can be sustainable for as few as 20 users, and even for 48 users in areas with poor feed water quality and lacking an electrical grid and distribution network, with a monthly cost of US$2 / Environmental Engineering

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Indonesia has been implementing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) since January 2003 as a strategy to minimize HIV transmission among injecting drug users (IDU). Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of the program and also showed that the program had attracted many IDU to participate. However, the dropout rate, particularly in Jakarta clinics, was relatively high. The first aim of this study was to investigate the MMT retention rate and its predictive variables. The second aim was to examine the effects of remaining in the program on treatment outcomes. A six-month longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted at the client level and a cross-sectional survey was carried out at the clinic level. Information from this study provides significant inputs for developing drug treatment policy and improving its quality of service in Indonesia. It also contributes to a better understanding of the substitution treatment implementation in Indonesia. The average 3-month treatment retention rate was 74.2 percent and the 6-month retention rate was 61.3 percent. There was no significant difference in retention rates between clinics. Significant predictors of treatment retention in MMT in Indonesia were size of dose, the interaction between take-home dose and clinic experience, age of participant, participant’s belief towards the program and perceived accessibility, while a variable representing perceived peer support unexpectedly predicted an increased likelihood of prematurely leaving the treatment. This study showed a marked reduction in the use of heroin and depression status and a significant improvement of self-efficacy at the follow up times among participants who continued in treatment. There were no significant differences in criminal involvement and physical health status between those who remained in treatment and the treatment dropouts in both follow-up interviews. Nevertheless, there was a significant improvement in physical health from baseline to follow-up in both groups. The study concluded that retention rates of MMT in Indonesia were comparable to those of similar programs in other countries. As previously reported in other settings, dose was the primary predictor of treatment retention in Indonesia. A policy of providing take-home doses, prescribed in experienced clinics,was also found to be a significant predictor of remaining in treatment. Further research, however, is still needed to explain some of the unexpected observations. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1522114 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2010

The management of a cadastral system's digital spatial data has promptedconsiderable research, generally with a focus limited to the organisationmaintaining the cadastral map. The approach of viewing the maintenanceof cadastral maps as a system encompassing the entire cadastral industryhas not been comprehensively studied and documented. This approach isseen as essential to transform cadastral mapping from its currentorganisation specific isolation, into a form that is truly interoperable withthe processing of spatial cadastral information in a digital environment.This dissertation documents a research program that is essentially adefinition and an analysis and design of spatial cadastral systems withparticular emphasis on the Australian State of Victoria. The researchsubstantiates the existence of a spatial cadastral system within the overallcadastral system. A review is presented of the analysis of a number ofinternational, western spatial cadastral systems, and establishes theboundary of the spatial cadastral system. An investigation of systemmethodologies used in cadastral research and information systemsconcludes the applicability of the Zachman Framework to structure anddocument the more comprehensive analysis of spatial cadastral systems.This analysis is undertaken for the spatial cadastral systems of theAustralian State of Victoria.The impacting developments, such as enabling technology, coupled withuser requirements and issues relating to existing spatial cadastralsystems, provides the basis for the presentation of a range of solutionalternatives to manage the spatial data associated with the maintenanceof the multipurpose cadastral map in a digital and Internet enabledenvironment.

PhD / Access to justice is an important human right that ensures adequate redress for harm, and which consequently helps deter future wrongdoing. Without access to justice citizens are precluded from the full enjoyment of their economic and social entitlements. The cost of litigation is a significant impediment to access to justice. Although the courts have attempted to increase access to justice by broadening the range of available dispute resolution options and by improving productivity through the implementation of case flow management systems, the cost of prosecuting claims remains disproportionately high and unaffordable for most small to medium sized claimholders. Legal claim assignment to parties able to aggregate claims and to apply their expertise as litigation entrepreneurs to deal with claim prosecution efficiently is one means of redressing the imbalance between the cost of claim prosecution to individual claimholders compared to the value of their claims. However, the well-entrenched doctrines of maintenance and champerty prohibit legal claim assignment. The continued resort to the doctrines of maintenance and champerty despite a strong and independent modern judiciary reflects distaste for claim commodification. However, the advent of litigation funding and its acceptance by the High Court of Australia in Campbell’s Cash and Carry v Fostif Pty Ltd (and to some extent United Kingdom and United States courts) on access to justice grounds has challenged conventional maintenance and champerty dogma. Together with other measures such as the introduction of conditional fee agreements that shift the cost of funding access to justice from the public to the private purse, the resistance to full claim alienability has been significantly weakened. The thesis argues that full claim alienability is favoured on normative and efficiency grounds and examines developments in Australia, England and the United States, which portend toward claim commodification. In addition, the thesis examines regulatory instruments required to ensure that the present partial claim market and the potential full claim market operates fairly and efficiently. It also considers how claim commodification may affect the relationship between legal practitioners and claim holders. [Please note: For any information on access to the full text please conact the author.]

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Project report (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 104). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (PhD) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2005. / Also held in print (xvi, 275 leaves, 30 cm.) in Wellesley Theses Collection. (T 306.4460830993 YU)

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1991. / Spine title: Effect of a Reverse Engineering Tool ... Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-49).

Thesis (M. App. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.