This thesis is done to solve two issues for Sayid Paper Mill Ltd Pakistan. Section one deals with a practical problem arise in SPM that is cutting a given set of raw paper rolls of known length and width, and a set of product paper rolls of known length (equal to the length of raw paper rolls) and width, practical cutting constraints on a single cutting machine, according to demand orders for all customers. To solve this problem requires to determine an optimal cutting schedule to maximize the overall cutting process profitability while satisfying all demands and cutting constraints. The aim of this part of thesis is to develop a mathematical model which solves this problem.Second section deals with a problem of delivering final product from warehouse to different destinations by finding shortest paths. It is an operational routing problem to decide the daily routes for sending trucks to different destination to deliver their final product. This industrial problem is difficult and includes aspect such as delivery to a single destination and multiple destinations with limited resources. The aim of this part of thesis is to develop a process which helps finding shortest path.

Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2002.

Jitter is defined as timing uncertainties of digital signals at their intended ideal positions in time. While it undermines valuable clock budget and limits the maximum clock frequency in I/O circuitry, it is one of the most difficult parameters to measure accurately due to the small value and randomness. This thesis proposes a random jitter RMS measurement method using AND and OR operations, which targets BIST applications. This thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 1 introduces the motivation of the proposed work. It includes a comparison between two major approaches to jitter measurement. Chapter 2 explains the proposed random jitter estimation method in detail. Chapter 3 describes circuit implementations with design considerations. Chapter 4 demonstrates estimation results from circuit level simulation runs. Chapter 5 discusses the source of error in the jitter estimation and concludes. / text

Varje år genomförs miljoner operationer världen över. Cirka 500 000 av dessa patienter drabbas av en postoperativ sårinfektion. Detta leder till ett lidande för patienten, längre vårdtider och ökade kostnader för alla inblandade. Syftet med denna litteratur-genomgång är att identifiera, granska och analysera vilka faktorer som ökar risken för postoperativa sårinfektioner. Författarna har valt att göra en litteraturgenomgång. Granskning av relevanta studier har baserats på SBU’s metod och resultatet baseras på 20 artiklar. Resultatet visar att det finns flera faktorer som ökar risken för postoperativa sårinfektioner. De mest framträdande riskfaktorerna är operationstiden och den totala vårdtiden. Även en ökad ålder, sjukdomshistoria, levnadsvanor och antalet personer inne på operationssalen ansågs vara riskfaktorer för att drabbas av en postoperativ sårinfektion.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / XRunner, a UNIX, client-server based, automated record-replay test tool developed by Mercury Interactive Corporation, was used by a project at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to automate intensive GUI/window-driven satellite operations functions. This work was part of the Integrated Monitoring, Analysis and Control COTS System (IMACCS), a COTS integration prototype development effort. XRunner, running in its object-oriented context sensitive mode, recorded the window/push-button images of significant events in spacecraft operations with sequential steps and generated test script language (TSL) for subsequent replay or test verification. The recorded TSL was optimized such that scenario replay timing, sequencing, grouping, and UNIX interactions became simple, easily-automated tasks instead of manually intensive, error-prone operations. This feature of the XRunner tool is expected to greatly enhance operations and testing.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / A scatterometer is a radar system designed to make precise measurements of the magnitude of the radar echo scattered from surface. If the measurement is made over the ocean's surface, the surface wind speed and direction can be inferred. In order to better understand the relationship between the radar return and the ocean winds we have developed a unique ultra-wide band research scatterometer known as Yscat. The Yscat radar system is computer controlled, with a separate computer collecting environmental data. During a typical deployment, such as a recently completed 7 month deployment on Lake Ontario, the radar system is required to operate unmanned for weeks at a time, collecting data at a rate of up to 2 GB per week. Controlling such a complex system, and handling such large amounts of data presents a challenging remote operation problem. We used a novel combination of personal computers, telephone controlled switches, modems, and off the shelf software packages to enable us to perform daily monitoring, trouble shooting, and data transfer via a simple telephone connection. Data was stored on 4 mm DAT tapes for weekly pickup by a technician. This paper describes the Yscat system and our approach to control, monitoring, and data storage. While our approach is relatively "low tech", it has been very cost effective. This type of approach may be of interest to other designers of unique instrumentation at remote sites.

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