The effects of photoperiod, drought stress and cold storage treatments on the susceptibility of strawberry plants (Fragaria ananasa x Duch.) cvs. Tamella, Cambridge Favourite and Red Gauntlet to crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. and Cohn.) Schroet. were studied. Infection and disease susceptibility were assessed by; a) the time from inoculation to first symptom appearance; b) measurement of crown necrosis; c) measurement of fungal colonisation by a comminution-colony count method developed during the study; d) detached leaf bioassay. The effect of photoperiod was assessed independently from photosynthetically active radiation and long day treatments consistently increased susceptibility; a result contradicting previous findings. Drought treatments applied prior to inoculation generally increased plants' resistance to colonisation and necrosis. Treatments applied after inoculation significantly reduced the level of colonisation capable of causing wilt symptoms. Cold storage treatments increased the susceptibility of plants to infection, colonisation and wilt symptom development. Susceptibility to infection by normally non-pathogenic isolates was also increased by cold treatments although no wilt symptoms resulted from these infections. Plants stored with latent infections developed immediate chronic symptoms when transplanted from cold storage. The mortality of these plants in the cold store also increased with storage time. Cold storage-enhanced susceptibility occurred irrespective of pathogen factors. Large-scale sudden collapse of cold-stored strawberry stands was caused by carriage of oospores through storage, either in soil or in scattered latent infections. P. cactorum produced the cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) exo 1,4--galactanase and endo polygalacturonase in culture. Both enzymes were detected in infected plants. CWDE activities increased with colonisation and symptoms, and levels of PG and galactanase were significantly greater in cold-stored tissues than in controls but their importance in symptom expression and virulence was not conclusively demonstrated.

No description available.

No description available.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil bacterium that causes crown gall tumors on dicotyledenous plants. The transferred DNA (T-DNA) portion of the A. tumefaciens tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid enters infected plant cells and integrates into plant nuclear DNA. The T-DNA is accompanied into plant cells by the VirD2 endonuclease covalently attached to its 5' end. VirE2, a cooperative, single-stranded DNA-binding protein is also transported into plant cells during infection by A. tumefaciens. VirD2 and VirE2 contain nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and are transported into the plant cell nucleus. The location of functional domains by the insertion of Xhol linker oligonucleotides throughout virE2 is reported. A ssDNA binding domain was located in the C-terminal half of VirE2, as well two domains involved in cooperative single-stranded DNA binding. Further, we isolated a mutation in the central region of VirE2 that decreased tumorigenicity, but did not affect ssDNA binding. / Graduation date: 1997

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This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

This thesis argues that the honour of the Crown and the reconciliation agenda are engaged in the sentencing of Aboriginal offenders, given grossly disproportionate Aboriginal incarceration rates and their underlying causes, including socio-economic problems, community breakdown and cultural dislocation that arise at least partly from the history of Crown-Aboriginal interaction. Such an interpretation facilitates a new relationship between the Crown and Aboriginal peoples and will contribute to the rehabilitation of the rule of law. I address not only the underlying legal questions pertaining to the engagement of the honour of the Crown and the reconciliation agenda in sentencing Aboriginal offenders, but also interrogatories relating to the role of morality in the law and the rule of law for Aboriginal peoples in the sentencing context. Fundamentally, the honour of the Crown and reconciliation principles are interpreted and applied such that the sentencing of Aboriginal offenders can accommodate and attempt to ameliorate colonialist history. This distinctive history produces a legal requirement of reconciliation and honour-based governance if the rule of law is to be a reality for Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code and Gladue analysis provide a vehicle for the courts to inject the honour of the Crown into the sentencing of Aboriginal offenders, albeit at one remove. However, the honour of the Crown requires a vigorous Gladue type analysis by judges sentencing Aboriginal offenders regardless of the existence of section 718.2(e). Canada must be prepared to accept responsibility and directly address some of the fallout in the criminal justice system from the history of Crown / Aboriginal relations. The honour of the Crown requires a different sentencing approach for Aboriginal offenders independent of section 718.2(e) and reconciliation is an interpretive normative principle underlying the sentencing of Aboriginal offenders, shaping the honour of the Crown and infusing the rule of law for Aboriginal peoples. Aboriginal offender rehabilitation needs to go hand in hand with the rehabiltation of the rule of law for Aboriginal peoples as a pivotal component of reconciliation. / Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-23 18:41:36.57

No description available.

No description available.

New phosphine ligands which also contained crown ether groups were synthesized by condensing two main reagents. Reagent A was Ph2P(CH2)3NH2 and it was prepared by reductingPh2P(CH2)2CN with LiALH4 in diethyl ether. Ph2P(CH2)2CN is obtained by reacting Ph2PH and CH2=C(H)CN in a Michael-type reaction. Reagent B, 4-formyl-benzo-15-crown-5, was obtained from the reaction of 3,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde with 1,11 dichloro-3,6,9 trioxoundecane.By condensing the benzaldehyde crown ether and the phosphine amine, a Schiff-base type crown ether containing both P(III) and N(III) centers was obtained. Spectroscopic studies of the ligand and its Pd(II) derivative have shown PdCl2[Ph2P.(CH2)3N CH-C6H3(OMe)2]2 were characterized by that metal binding occurred exclusively on the P( III) center.A model ligand was synthesized by condensing 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde with Ph2P(CH2)3NH2 to obtain an analogous product. Both ligands, Ph2P(CH2)3N=CH-benzo-15crown-5 and Ph2P(CH2)3N=CH -C6H3(OMe)2 and their palladium derivatives, PdCl2[Ph2P(CH2)3N=CH-benzo-15-crown-5]2 and spectroscopic and elemental analysis. The Pd(II) derivatives were synthesized from the reactions of (Ph2CN)2)PdC12 with the ligands. / Department of Chemistry