Twenty-one century is a knowledge-economy age. Knowledge that replaces the machine, capital, material, or labor becomes the most important element of management of organization. Knowledge is also an important condition of competition and survival. Knowledge plays an important role in economic system in the future. A government of huge organization should make efforts in the management of transferring knowledge to competition as enterprise. According to government will play an important role as a planner and advancer, so the research of government knowledge management will be took into account. The research collects and classifies literature and finds seven original factors of government knowledge management, and verifies the relationship among three variables of knowledge management behavior intention. The research uses principal factor analysis to find the key success factors of knowledge management. Six key success factors has been extracted in this research by factor analysis (principal component analysis), they are (1)the basis of knowledge management of organization ; (2)important conception of knowledge management to organization ; (3) need for a clear standard system to evaluate ; (4) available resource of information technology¡F(5)policy support¡F(6)the responsible group for knowledge management. The analysis of this research showed that 28 KM variables are considered significantly important. The first important variable is ¡§leadership and ability to promote change of the management¡¨ and previous five factors are especially the factor of the attitude to knowledge management. The research also classify three factors about the difficulties of the implement of knowledge management, they are (1)the difficulties about employees¡¦ abilities of technology¡F(2)the difficulties about the organization structure and culture¡F(3)the difficulties about the abilities of planning. The conclusion of this research is to provide feasible suggestions to government administration so that they could construct KM in an effective and efficient way. Some supportive policies from the government organizations are suggested as well and I hope this research can provide the government with the experience.

Neuronal cell death may be responsible for the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protects sensory neurons after injury and offers a promising alternative for the management of intractable pain. However, continuous administration of trophic factors into the central nervous system is costly and difficult to maintain. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of intrathecal GDNF gene delivery for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Recombinant adenovirus encoding GDNF (Ad-GDNF) was characterized and shown to enhance viability of neuronal cultures. After intrathecal injection of Ad-GDNF, an elevated GDNF level was observed in spinal cord for four weeks. In rats with sciatic nerve axotomy,intrathecal injection of Ad-GDNF significantly ameliorated the duration of neuropathic pain. However, animals treated with Ad-GDNF developed hyperalgesia in the early stage of treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that intrathecal GDNF gene delivery prominently attenuated the neuronal loss due to nerve injury. Unexpectedly, varying degrees of hair loss was found in some rats receiving Ad-GDNF. Histological analysis revealed that hair loss resulted from severe degeneration of hair follicles in skin from Ad-GDNF-treated animals. In summary, the present study demonstrate the feasibility and limitations of GDNF gene delivery for the management of neuropathic pain.

Following the model developed by Easley, Kiefer, O¡¦Hara and Paperman (1996), I estimated the probability of informed trading (PI) in the TSEC. The result in my study is that the probability of informed trading is highly related with the trading volume of each stock. More active stocks will have lower probability of informed trading, so investors trading with active stocks will face less information asymmetry. Feather more, my research followed the study of Easley, Hvidkjaer, and O¡¦Hara (2002), who used the Fama-French asset pricing model(1992) discussing the relationship among stock return, portfolioed market risk, size and BE/ME ratio. The result in my study is that the stock return in TSEC is affected by portfolioed market risk and size, but PI and BE/ME ratio have no effect to stock return. The result is different from the study of Easley, Hvidkjaer, and O¡¦Hara (2002). The reason could be that most investors in TSEC are individuals who lack the awareness about information asymmetry.

This study examined equity in the context of the allocation of park and recreation resources within a community. The contributions made by this study include: extending the original taxonomy of equity models proposed by Crompton and Wicks (1988); development of a theoretical framework for their original model; providing a current synthesis of equity based literature; advancing the Equity Implementation Model (Wicks & Crompton, 1989) by developing an instrument capable of measuring residents’ perceptions and preferences of park and recreation resource allocation in their community; empirically confirming the legitimacy of alternate dimensions of equity through Structural Equation Modeling; applying information gained from using the instrument to determine the usefulness of selected variables in predicting equity preferences; and comparing data on equity preferences with those of prevailing perceptions to illustrate the utility of the instrument in guiding resource allocation decisions. Five of the original operationalizations of equity were validated (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency and Advocacy). An additional operationalization, Professional Judgment, was included and also validated, while one of the original dimensions suggested by Crompton and Wicks, Equal Outcomes, could not be distinctively conceptually differentiated and so was discarded. The operationalizations of Equal Inputs and Equal Opportunity could not be differentiated to reflect distinctively different equity concepts. However, further efforts should be invested in operationalizing these two equity concepts, since they do appear to be conceptually different. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a model consisting of all seven operationalizations (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency, Advocacy, Professional Judgment and Equality) was an acceptable fit and all paths were significant at the .05 level, suggesting that the proposed 23-item, seven-dimension scale, P&R-EQUITY, effectively measures seven facets of residents’ perceptions of equity in the allocation of park and recreation resources. Two additional operationalizations (Demonstrated Use and Coproduction Opportunities) emerged during the research which suggested that Demonstrated Interest was inadequately operationalized, so future efforts could be focused on operationalizing those three. The scale developed in this study is intended to help officials make appropriate decisions when allocating park and recreation resources.

A gauged SU(4) flavor symmetric hadronic Lagrangian with empirical hadron masses is constructed to study charmonium absorption and charmed hadron production in hadronic reactions. For the coupling constants, empirical values are used if available. Otherwise, they are determined from known coupling constants using the SU(4) relations. To take into account the finite sizes of hadrons, form factors are introduced at strong interaction vertices with empirical cutoff parameters. For J/ψabsorption by nucleons, we have included both two-and three-body final states and find that with a cutoff parameter of 1 GeV at interaction vertices involving charm hadrons, the cross section is at most 5 mb and is consistent with that extracted from J/ψproduction from both photo-and proton-nucleus reactions. We have also evaluated the cross sections for charmed hadron production from pion and rho meson interactions with nucleons. With the same cutoff parameter of 1 GeV at interaction vertices, we find that these cross sections have values of a few tenths of mb and are dominated bythe s-channel nucleon pole diagram. For charmed hadron production from proton-proton reactions, their cross sections including bothtwo-andthree-body final states are about 1 batcenter-of-mass energyof 11.5 GeV, which is comparable to the measured inclusive cross section in these reactions.Including photon as a U(1) gauge particle, we have extended the model to study charmed hadron production in photon-proton reactions with both two-and three-body final states included. For form factors, an overall one is introduced in each processin order to maintain the gauge invariance of the total amplitude. Fitting the cutoff parameter in the form factor to the measured total cross section for charmed hadron production in photon-proton reactions at a center-of-mass energy of 6 GeV, the ratio of the cross sections for two-body and three-body final states is consistent with available experimental data.This result is further compared with predictions from the leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. Knowledge of the cross sections for charmonium absorption byhadrons and for charmed hadron production in hadronic reactions is essential for understanding charm production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), where a quark-gluon plasma is expected to be formed during the initial hot dense stage.

The core competency of the most effective organizations will be their capacity to learn in an increasingly complex and unpredictable business environment and HRD should expand its role to become a partner in the transformation of the entire organization. Organizational learning style, therefore, is an important research topic for the field of HRD (human resource development). This study had four primary purposes, which were germane to the corporations in the Republic of Korea: 1) to identify what organizational learning styles exist; 2) to identify the factors that differentiate the organizations with different organizational learning styles; 3) to identify the roles of HRD to facilitate organizational learning within the organizations in each organizational learning style; and 4) to identify the differences in the roles of HRD to facilitate organizational learning among the organizations with different organizational learning styles. The population for this study was the key informants at the corporations in the three industry areas: wholesale and retail trade; manufacturing; and hotels and restaurants. The survey instrument was delivered to 353 key informants, i.e. HR persons, at 240 corporations and 237 key informants at 166 corporations returned the survey instrument for a return rate of 67.1%. The findings of this study revealed the followings: 1) there are four types of organizational learning styles and the characteristics of each type of organizational learning style is determined by the combination of the organizations?? learning orientations, i.e. Knowledge Source, Learning Content, Dissemination Mode, and Learning Scope; 2) types of organizational culture, industry classification, and the size of an organization are the factors that differentiate the organizations with different organizational learning styles; 3) all roles of HRD are necessary for facilitating organizational learning; and 4) there are not differences in the roles of HRD to facilitate organizational learning among the organizations with different organizational learning styles.

The passive devices used in the wireless communication system ¡]including resistor, capacitor and inductor¡^usually need high quality factor and low power dissipation characteristics. This thesis aims to develop a micro tunable capacitor with high-quality-factor and wide-tuning-range using surface micromachining. In contrast with conventional low-tuning-rate parallel-plate tunable capacitors, this research presents a concave structure and eight-suspending-beams layout design of the top electrode to enhance the elastic rigidity and tuning rate. In addition, this study appropriately decreases the thickness of top electrode, the tuning rate of such device can be improved to 65~2100%. On the other hand, in order to substantially increase quality factor, this thesis adopted the glass substrate ¡]Corning 7740¡^to reduce the power dissipation of high frequency operating signal. The optimized quality factor of this work is approximately equal to 41 under 2.4 GHz operation frequency. The material of sacrificial layer and top electrode adopted in this dissertation is aluminum and gold respectively. To avoid any breakage of the vertical supporting beams during releasing process, this research appropriately increases the width of vertical supporting beams, however, keep the thickness of the suspending part of top electrode for the maintenance of high quality factor and low driving voltage.

Abstract Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are important management tools of chief executive officers (CEOs.) The benefits of M&A include fast expanding production capacity, acquiring technical patents, overcoming the entry of obstacles, grasping markets, taking over talents, generating the synergy of operation and finance, adjusting product mix or reducing production capacity any time during the recession of markets. Steel industry itself has the character of benefits in economical scale. Therefore, Mittal Steel Company led to hand over its successful experience unceasingly in the recent year, causing an international tide of M&A. In the recent emerging China¡¦s economic system, China¡¦s steel industry was integrated under the guide of national policy. Lots of small steel plants became international leading steel producers. This is contributed to the M&A rendering the company¡¦s scale large, increasing international visibility and bringing people¡¦s notice to its talks and behaviors. Owing to quite high risks of M&A itself, steel industry must grasp the key success factor so as to reduce the risks of operation. Due to the difference of every industry, every company and outside environment, each of their positions in the industrial value chain is also different. Therefore, the successful factors of each company¡¦s M&A are somewhat different, too. This study aims at hoping to probe the successful factors of steel industry¡¦s M&A by case study, as well as to understand the follows: the status of Taiwan¡¦s steel industry, the difficulty of M&A in Taiwan¡¦s industry, the successful factors of steel industry and the generated effect of steel industry¡¦s M&A. The result of this study shows that the relationship between China and Taiwan has been closer and closer. Taiwan¡¦s steel producers have to grasp the trend of changes of China¡¦s steel plants so as to prevent error decision making. As for the successful factors of steel industry¡¦s M&A, the first priority of conditions is to obtain the top management support and to be executed by an experienced teamwork of M&A so that the M&A experience can be handed over by cumulative knowledge. Since the statistics shows that the percentage of M&A success is small, it has better to evaluate the worst situation prior to the job¡¦s execution as well as to set a bottom line of loss in order to flexibly dispose the changes of situation at any time and to make the M&A easier to success.

Hsuehshan tunnel which included two bore and three ventilation shaft systems is the longest (12.9 km) freeway tunnel in Taiwan. 56 species volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled in two different locations each bore and three emitted shafts to determine the emission factors (EFs). Each sampling day has three sampling period: morning (8:00-10:00), Noon (12:00-14:00) and afternoon 16:00-18:00). C2 species were analyzed by GC/FID and C3 − C12 species were analyzed by GC/MS. The composition in southern bore was expressed by alkanes (36.69% − 39.20%), aromatics (34.14% − 36.33%), alkenes (20.27% − 21.95%), Alkynes (3.35% − 4.11%) and Naphthenes (1.06% − 1.35%). Northern bore had the similar profile. Ethylene (4.93 ¡Ó 2.21 mg/veh-km), Isopropane (4.85 ¡Ó 2.75 mg/veh-km), toluene (4.55 ¡Ó 1.31 mg/veh-km), m,p-xylene (2.98 ¡Ó 0.90 mg/veh-km) and propylene (2.70 ¡Ó 0.88 mg/veh-km) are the top five abundant VOCs in southern bore ; Isopropane (6.78 ¡Ó 3.33 mg/veh-km), ethylene (5.44 ¡Ó 2.63 mg/veh-km), toluene (5.32 ¡Ó 2.39 mg/veh-km), propylene (3.55 ¡Ó 1.67 mg/veh-km) and m,p-xylene (3.36 ¡Ó 1.45 mg/veh-km) are the top five abundant VOCs in northern bore. The EFs were smaller than other freeway tunnel investigated. Shaft emitted the partial mass of VOCs result in concentration gradient dropped off. The total VOCs EF of shafts during holidays was in the range of 72.24 mg/s − 180.60 mg/s higher than on weekdays in the range of 53.40 mg/s − 82.74 mg/s. The EF of shafts had effected by air-extracting apparatus, so standard deviations (S.D.) varied widely. Combining the EF of shaft with EF of tunnel we obtained the overall vehicle EF which was close to other freeway tunnel results. The proportion of Ozone formation potential (OFP) in both bore were alkenes (47.5% − 48.5%), aromatics (40.2% − 42.3%) and alkanes (9.8% − 10.1%). Note that sum of alkenes and aromatics exceeded 90%.

The trends of PM10, O3, NOX and NMHC concentrations were analyzed by the Holland model (without meteorological-adjusted) and the MM-Regression model (with meteorological-adjusted) base on the data of eight EPA air quality stations from 1997 to 2006 in Kaohsiung. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the pollutants (PM10 and O3) trends. The trends of PM10 concentrations in Kaohsiung city analyzed without meteorological-adjusted were 7.18 % at Tzuo-Yin, 3.20 % at Chien-Chin and 9.72 % at Nan-Chie. After eliminating the meteorological factors, the percent of gradual trends were 1.91 % at Tzuo-Yin, 2.92 % at Chien-Chin and 2.02 % at Nan-Chie. The trends of O3 concentrations without meteorological-adjusted were 11.42 % at Tzuo-Yin, 20.92 % at Hsiung-Kong, 42.08 % at Chien-Chin and 13.69 % at Nan-Chie. The trends of PM10 concentrations in Kaohsiung County analyzed without meteorological-adjusted were 14.96 % at Lin-yuan and 3.24 % at Jen-wu. After meteorological factors eliminating, the trend was 3.15 % at Jen-wu but the trend was -2.53 % at Lin-yuan. Meteorological factor was a primary reason that influences the PM10 concentration in recent years. The trends of O3 in Kaohsiung County without meteorological-adjusted were 18.89 % at Da-liao, 4.40 % at Jen-wu, 35.16 % at Lin-yuan and 29.98 % at Mei-nung. After meteorological factors eliminating, the trends were 1.99 % at Da-liao, 2.23 % at Jen-wu, 1.16 % at Lin-yuan and -1.16 % at Mei-nung. The results show that the influence of meteorological factors for O3 trends was more sensitive in Kaohsiung county than in Kaohsiung city. The concentration of PM10 has no significant difference (64.8 ¡V 92.3 %) in Kaohsiung city. For the concentration of O3, the similarity (78 ¡V 100 %) was extensive in Kaohsiung city because O3 could diffuse easily. O3 episodes has no significant difference as PM10 episodes in Kaohsiung city. As above-mentioned, the results show that the contributions of ambient PM10 were individually but the contributions of ambient O3 were uniform extensively.